RNA干扰技术在鱼类中的研究进展

The application of RNA interference in fishes

摘要: RNA干扰（RNA interference，RNAi）是真核生物体内利用双链RNA（double strand RNA，dsRNA）诱导同源靶基因的mRNA特异性降解，从而导致转录后基因沉默（posttranscriptional gene silencing，PTGS）的现象。RNAi主要通过核酸酶Dicer切割dsRNA生成21~23 nt的小干扰RNA（small interference RNA，siRNA），继而由siRNA识别并靶向降解同源靶基因mRNA，从而抑制靶基因的蛋白表达。此文综述了RNA干扰技术的原理、siRNA的制备及在鱼类中的研究进展。

Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism existing in eukaryotes, which can specifically degrade target gene mRNA directed by homology double strand RNA (dsRNA) and result in post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). At first, the long dsRNA is cut into 21~23 nt small interference RNA which named siRNA. And then siRNA inhibits the translation process of target gene mRNA by recognizing and degrading target gene mRNA. In this paper, the mechanism, production and application of RNAi in fishes were reviewed.