水流作用下桁架网箱结构网衣系统水动力特性研究

Hydrodynamic characteristics of netting system for truss-type cage structures under current

  • 摘要: 网衣系统作为桁架网箱养殖设施中维持养殖空间并防止鱼类逃逸的关键结构,在深远海养殖中发挥着关键作用。然而开放海域海况恶劣,在持续强流作用下网衣系统的结构安全问题值得关注。本研究基于有限元方法建立网衣系统数值模型,通过莫里森方程将水流荷载施加于网衣系统,对不同流速、来流方向及网衣系统吃水深度下的水动力响应规律进行研究。计算结果显示:流速增加将显著提高网衣系统阻力,加剧形变。流速为1.0 m·s−1时网衣系统容积损失了26.87%。随着来流角度增加,网衣系统阻力和底部中心结点水平位移均升高,纵向位移降低。网衣系统的结点峰值位移和最大应力分别发生在来流角度为10°和20°的工况,来流角度为45°时网衣系统容积损失率最高 (29.70%)。当吃水深度由6.5 m降至2.5 m时,阻力和变形响应均显著降低,网衣容积损失率由29.70%降至14.18%。网衣系统最大应力集中于边界纲绳约束区域和网线与纲绳的连接处,垂直于流向区域的部分网衣区域出现了局部应力集中。

     

    Abstract: The netting system is a key component of truss-type aquaculture cages, which maintains the rearing volume and prevents fish escape. However, under the harsh environmental conditions of offshore aquaculture, the structural safety of netting systems subjected to sustained current loading remains a major concern. In this study, a finite-element model of the netting system was established. Hydrodynamic loads derived from the Morison equation were applied to the netting system to investigate its responses under different current velocities, inflow angles, and draft depths. The results show that increasing current velocity significantly increases drag force and deformation of the netting system. At a current velocity of 1.0 m·s−1, the volume loss ratio reached 26.87%. As the inflow angle increased, the drag force and horizontal displacement of the bottom-center node increased, whereas the vertical displacement decreased. The peak nodal displacement and maximum stress appeared at inflow angle of 10° and 20°, respectively. The maximum volume loss ratio appeared at an inflow angle of 45°, reaching 29.70%. As the draft depth decreased from 6.5 m to 2.5 m, both drag force and deformation were significantly reduced, and the volume loss ratio decreased from 29.70% to 14.18%. Maximum stress was concentrated in the boundary rope attachment regions and at the connections between the net twines and ropes. Local stress concentrations were also observed in netting regions perpendicular to the current direction.

     

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