湛江红树林大型底栖动物群落时空动态

Spatiotemporal dynamics of macrobenthos in Zhanjiang mangroves

  • 摘要: 为揭示湛江红树林潮间带大型底栖动物群落的时空演变规律,并评估其受干扰程度,本研究于2022年9月、2024年11月在湛江东部、西北部8个红树林潮间带站位开展2期定点调查,涵盖雷州湾、特呈岛、新寮湾、高桥、安铺港等生境。采用百分比相似性指数 (PS)、丰度-生物量比较曲线 (ABC)、W统计量、相对重要性指数 (IRI) 及基于丰度、生物量的优势度指数 (Yabum、Ybio),结合非度量多维尺度排序 (nMDS)、相似性分析 (ANOSIM)、物种贡献分析 (SIMPER) 与双因素方差分析 (Two-way ANOVA),辨析优势物种的贡献类型,解析大型底栖动物群落结构、多样性及受干扰状态。PS、nMDS及SIMPER结果表明,2期调查群落组成差异明显,空间分化突出;双因素方差显示,多样性指数受站位、年份显著影响,生物量存在极显著的年际效应,丰度年际效应仅达边缘显著;由于2期调查采样月份不同,观测到的群落差异会受到季节因素的干扰。ABC曲线与W统计量表明局部站位存在高强度扰动。基于IRI与Y指数分析显示,褶痕拟相手蟹 (Sesarma plicata) 为首期主要优势种,第2期优势种更替为扁平拟闭口蟹 (Paracleistostoma depressum) 等物种,仅红树蚬 (Geloina coaxans) 2期均保持优势。研究揭示湛江不同岸段红树林底栖群落的差异化特征,可为区域红树林生物多样性保护与生态健康管理提供数据支撑。

     

    Abstract: To reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of macrobenthic communities in the intertidal zone of Zhanjiang mangrove forests and to assess their disturbance status, we carried out two fixed-site surveys at eight mangrove intertidal stations across eastern and northwestern Zhanjiang in September 2022 and November 2024, covering Leizhou Bay, Techeng Island, Xinliao Bay, Gaoqiao and Anpu Port. We employed the percentage similarity (PS), abundance-biomass comparison (ABC) curves, W statistic, index of relative importance (IRI), as well as abundance- and biomass-based dominance indices (Yabun, Ybio). We applied multivariate analyses including nMDS, ANOSIM, SIMPER and two-way ANOVA to identify species dominance patterns and analyze community structure, diversity and disturbance status of macrobenthos. PS, nMDS and SIMPER revealed obvious compositional differences and remarkable spatial differentiation between the two surveys. Two-way ANOVA showed that diversity indices were significantly affected by station and survey period; biomass exhibited highly significant inter-period effect, while abundance only showed marginal significance. Seasonal factors may confound the observed community differences, as the two surveys were sampled in different months. ABC curves and W statistics indicated high-intensity disturbance at partial stations. Combined IRI-Y analysis showed that Sesarma plicata dominated in the first survey, whereas species such as Paracleistostoma depressum became dominant in the second survey; only Geloina coaxans maintained dominance in both surveys. This study reveals divergent features of macrobenthic communities along Zhanjiang mangrove coasts and provides baseline data for mangrove biodiversity conservation and ecological health management.

     

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