钝缀锦蛤在北海、防城港、钦州海区的中培与养成实验

杨凌; 刘一鸣; 徐炳杰; 王超奇; 吴韬; 邢清淦; 裴琨; 韦朝民; 曾尚伟; 潘英

doi:10.12131/20230145

钝缀锦蛤在北海、防城港、钦州海区的中培与养成实验

doi: 10.12131/20230145

杨凌^{1, 2,},
刘一鸣^{1, 2},
徐炳杰^{1, 2},
王超奇^{1, 2},
吴韬^{1, 2},
邢清淦^{1, 2},
裴琨³,
韦朝民³,
曾尚伟³,
潘英^{1, 2, ,}

1.
广西大学动物科学技术学院，广西南宁 530004
2.
广西高校水生生物健康养殖与营养调控重点实验室，广西南宁 530004
3.
防城港市渔业技术推广站，广西防城港 538021

基金项目: 广西创新驱动发展专项 (桂科AA19254032)；国家重点研发计划项目 (2018YFD0901400)

详细信息

作者简介:
杨凌：杨　凌 (1997—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为海洋贝类遗传育种与繁殖。E-mail: 874223563@qq.com

通讯作者:
潘　英 (1968—)，女，教授，博士，研究方向为海洋贝类遗传育种与繁殖。E-mail: yingpan@gxu.edu.cn

中图分类号: S 968.3
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- 文章访问数: 28
- HTML全文浏览量: 8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-31
- 修回日期: 2023-08-12
- 录用日期: 2023-08-31
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-04

Nursery and adult culture experiments of Tapes dorsatus in Beihai, Fangchenggang and Qinzhou sea areas

YANG Ling^{1, 2
,},
LIU Yiming^{1, 2},
XU Bingjie^{1, 2},
WANG Chaoqi^{1, 2},
WU Tao^{1, 2},
XING Qinggan^{1, 2},
PEI Kun³,
WEI Chaomin³,
ZENG Shangwei³,
PAN Ying^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Healthy Breeding and Nutrition Regulation of Guangxi Universities, Nanning 530004, China
3.
Fangchenggang Fishery Technology Promotion Station, Fangchenggang 538021, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究钝缀锦蛤 (Tapes dorsatus) 在广西北部湾海域的适宜养殖密度和高效养殖模式，2021年5月—2023年1月在北海、防城港、钦州海区滩涂进行筐式中培、筐式养成和网笼吊养实验。结果显示：1) 钝缀锦蛤在北海、防城港、钦州海区的适宜中培密度分别为2 000、1 500、1 500 粒·筐⁻¹，随着中培密度的增加，其生长指标和成活率均呈下降趋势；北海海区各密度组的成活率均优于防城港和钦州海区且差异显著 (P<0.05)，除d₅组 (3 000 粒·筐⁻¹) 的生长指标 (壳长、壳宽及体质量) 小于防城港和钦州海区外，其他组生长指标均大于防城港和钦州海区。2) 养成期钝缀锦蛤在北海、防城港、钦州海区适宜养殖密度分别为40、40、20 粒·筐⁻¹，各生长指标与成活率均为北海>防城港>钦州，且成活率随养成密度的增加呈下降趋势。防城港海区的网笼吊养密度为30 粒·笼⁻¹时的各生长指标均为最大，50 粒·笼⁻¹时的成活率最高；网笼吊养模式下，各个密度组的生长指标和成活率均无显著性差异 (P>0.05)。海区环境因子调查结果显示：北海海区的年平均水温、滩温、盐度、透明度、pH、溶解氧 (DO) 略高于防城港和钦州海区，水质较为稳定，钦州、防城港海区的水质环境变化较大且较不稳定；北海滩涂底质粒径以粗砂为主 (49.00%)，防城港以中砂为主 (59.28%)，钦州以细砂为主 (77.33%)。海区浮游植物调查显示，浮游植物藻属种类和数量以北海最多，防城港次之，钦州最少。研究表明，钝缀锦蛤适宜在北海、防城港、钦州3个海区进行筐式中培和养成，北海的养殖效果优于防城港和钦州，且1.5 龄贝适宜在海区进行网笼吊养。
- 钝缀锦蛤 /
- 养殖密度 /
- 筐式养殖 /
- 网笼吊养 /
- 生长 /
- 成活率 /
- 北部湾
Abstract: In order to explore the suitable breeding density and effective culture mode of Tapes dorsatus in three sea areas of Beibu Gulf, Guangxi, we had carried out basket nursery culture, basket adult culture and net cage hanging experiments of T. dorsatus in mudflat of three sea areas in Qingzhou, Beihai and Fangchenggang from May 2021 to January 2023. The results show that: 1) The suitable nursery culture density for T. dorsatus were 2 000, 1 500 and 1 500 grains·basket⁻¹, respectively, and the growth indexes and survival rate of T. dorsatus decreased with the increase of nursery culture density. The survival rates of all density groups in Beihai were significantly better than those in Fangchenggang and Qinzhou (P<0.05). Except that the growth indexes (Shell length, shell width and body mass) in d₅ group (3 000 grains·basket⁻¹) in Beihai were lower than that in Fangchenggang, the growth indexes of other groups were all higher than those of Fangchenggang and Qinzhou. 2) The suitable culture densities of T. dorsatus in Beihai, Fangchenggang and Qinzhou were 40, 40 and 20 grains·basket⁻¹, respectively. The growth indexes and survival rate of T. dorsatus at adult stage were Beihai>Fangchenggang>Qinzhou, and the survival rate decreased with the increase of cultivation density. When the density of net cage suspension in Fangchenggang was 30 grains· cage⁻¹, all growth indexes were the highest. There were no significant differences in shell length, shell width, shell height, body mass and survival rate among different density groups in net cage suspension (P>0.05). The results of environmental factors show that the water temperature, beach temperature, salinity, transparency, pH and DO in Beihai were slightly higher than those in Fangchenggang and Qinzhou, with relatively stable water quality. The water quality environment in Qinzhou and Fangchenggang changed greatly and was unstable. The diameter of plasmid at the bottom of Beihai mudflat was mainly coarse sand (49.00%), Fangchenggang was mainly composed of medium sand (59.28%), and Qinzhou was mainly composed of fine sand (77.33%). The results of phytoplankton quantity show that the species and quantity of phytoplankton algae in Beihai were the largest, and the least species and quantity of phytoplankton algae were in Qinzhou. The research indicates that T. dorsatus is suitable for nursery and adult culture in three sea areas of Beibu Gulf, and the breeding effect in Beihai is better than that in Fangchenggang and Qinzhou. Besides, 1.5-year-old T. dorsatus is suitable for net cage hanging culture in sea area.
- Tapes dorsatus /
- Culture density /
- Basket culture /
- Net cage hanging culture /
- Growth /
- Survival rate /
- Beibu Gulf

HTML全文

图 1 中培、养成阶段筐具和吊养网笼

Figure 1. Plastic baskets and hanging net cage used for nursery and adult culture stage

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图 2 3 个海区钝缀锦蛤养殖实验场地

Figure 2. Experimental culture site of T. dorsatus in three sea areas

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图 3 钝缀锦蛤在广西北部湾3个海区中培期的生长和成活率

注：同一密度、不同海区大写字母不同表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)，相同表示组间差异不显著 (P>0.05)；同一海区、不同密度，小写字母不同表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)，相同表示组间差异不显著 (P>0.05)。图4同此。

Figure 3. Growth and survival of nursery culture T. dorsatus in three sea areas of Beibu Gulf, Guangxi

Note: Different capital letters for the same density and different sea areas indicate significant differences between groups (P<0.05), while the same capital letters indicates no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). Different lowercase letters for the same sea area, different densities indicate significant differences between groups (P<0.05), while the same lowercase letters indicates no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). The same case in the Fig. 4.

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图 4 北部湾海区钝缀锦蛤养成期的生长和成活率

Figure 4. Growth and survival in adult culture of T. dorsatus in Beibu Gulf sea area

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图 5 海区养成期钝缀锦蛤各密度组体质量生长曲线

Figure 5. Body mass growth curves of each density group of adult culture of T. dorsatus in sea area

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图 6 3 个海区水温、滩温的周年变化

Figure 6. Annual changes of water temperature and beach temperature in three sea areas

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图 7 3 个海区盐度、溶解氧、pH 透明度的周年变化

Figure 7. Annual changes of salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and transparency in three sea areas

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图 8 3 个不同养殖海区浮游植物藻属的种类和数量

Figure 8. Species and quantity of phytoplankton genera in three different sea areas

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表 1 防城港海区钝缀锦蛤网笼吊养模式的生长和成活率

Table 1. Growth and survival of net cage culture of T. dorsatus in Fangchenggang sea area

密度 Density/(粒·笼⁻¹) (grains·cage⁻¹)	壳长 Final SL/mm	壳宽 Final SW/mm	壳高 Final SH/mm	体质量 Final BG/g	成活率 Survival/%	产量 Yield/g
C₁ (30)	52.00±2.72^a	20.67±1.23^a	34.34±1.78^a	22.13±3.73^a	95.56±3.85^a	634.42
C₂ (40)	51.97±3.95^a	20.39±1.64^a	33.69±2.61^a	21.77±4.96^a	94.17±1.44^a	901.20
C₃ (50)	51.57±2.39^a	20.67±1.29^a	33.66±1.94^a	21.98±3.46^a	96.00±2.00^a	1020.96
注：同列上标小写字母不同表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)，相同表示组间差异不显著 (P>0.05)。 Note: Different and the same lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05) and insignificant differences (P<0.05) between groups, respectively.

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表 2 不同海区滩涂底质粒径组成比例

Table 2. Composition of sand beach sediment particles size in different sea areas %

海区 Sea area	砾 Gravel	粗砂 Coarse sand	中砂 Medium sand	细砂 Fine sand	粉砂质黏土 Silty clay
海区 Sea area	> 2.00 mm	2.00~0.50 mm	0.50~0.25 mm	0.25~0.063 mm	< 0.063 mm
钦州 Qinzhou	3.70	10.15	6.35	77.33	2.45
北海 Beihai	0.75	49.00	29.05	21.00	0.20
防城港 Fangchenggang	0.32	3.51	59.28	36.17	0.72

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