Study on influence of environmental factors on CPUE of three different operation types in skipjack tuna fisheries
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摘要: 鲣 (Katsuwonus pelamis) 广泛分布于各大洋热带和亚热带海域，在世界金枪鱼渔业中占有重要地位，其资源丰度受多种海洋环境因子的影响。研究利用2017—2019年毛里塔尼亚海域双拖渔业数据、2018—2020年中西太平洋围网渔业数据和2010—2020年美洲热带金枪鱼委员会网站记录的延绳钓渔业数据，结合降水、海表面盐度 (Sea surface salinity, SSS) 和海表面温度 (Sea surface temperature, SST) 等环境数据，利用广义加性模型 (Generalized additive model, GAM) 分析鲣的3种不同作业方式的单位捕捞努力量渔获量 (Catch per unit effort, CPUE) 时空分布及其与降水等环境因子之间的关系。结果表明：月份对双拖和延绳钓作业方式鲣CPUE影响显著 (P<0.05)；纬度对3种鲣作业方式的CPUE均存在显著影响 (P<0.05)；降水对双拖和围网作业方式鲣CPUE分别存在极显著性 (P<0.001) 和显著性 (P<0.05) 影响，且影响趋势较为一致，即这2种作业方式中高CPUE出现在较为适宜的降水范围内，然而降水对鲣的延绳钓CPUE的影响并不显著；SSS和SST对鲣的3种作业方式CPUE影响显著 (P<0.05)。因此，在今后分析环境因子对渔业CPUE的影响效果时，建议将降水放入常规海洋环境因子中。Abstract: Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters around the world and is a key target species in global tuna fishery. The abundance of its resources is influenced by various marine environmental factors. Based on the data from the pair trawl fishery in Mauritanian waters from 2017 to 2019, those from the purse seine fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean from 2018 to 2020, and data from the longline fishery recorded on the IATTC website from 2010 to 2020, combining with environmental data such as precipitation, sea surface salinity (SSS) and sea surface temperature (SST), we analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of catch per unit effort (CPUE) for three different fishing methods of skipjack tuna and its relationship with environmental factors such as precipitation by Generalized Additive Model (GAM). The findings indicate that month significantly influenced the CPUE of skipjack tuna in pair trawl and longline fishing methods (P<0.05). Latitude also had a significant effect in all three operating modes (P<0.05). Precipitation exhibited an extremely significant impact (P<0.001) on the CPUE of skipjack tuna in pair trawl fishing method and a significant impact (P<0.05) in purse seine fishing method. The trend of this effect was relatively consistent, with higher CPUE occurring within a more suitable range of precipitation. However, the effect of precipitation on the CPUE of skipjack tuna in longline fishing method was not significant. Sea surface salinity and sea surface temperature also had significant effects on the CPUE of skipjack tuna in all three operating modes (P<0.05). Hence, when analyzing the impact of environmental factors on fishery CPUE in the future, it is recommended to include precipitation in conventional marine environmental factors.
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Key words:
- Katsuwonus pelamis /
- Pair trawl /
- Purse seine /
- Longline /
- Precipitation /
- Environmental factors
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图 2 双拖鲣CPUE与各因子关系
Figure 2. Relationship between CPUE and various factors for skipjack of pair trawl
图 3 围网鲣CPUE与各因子的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between CPUE and various factors for skipjack of seine
图 4 延绳钓鲣CPUE与各因子关系
Figure 4. Relationship between CPUE and various factors for skipjack of longline
表 1 影响因子之间的共线性分析
Table 1. Collinearity analysis among influencing factors
作业方式
Fishing method年份
y月份
m经度
Llon纬度
Llat降水
Pprec海表面盐度
SSS海表面温度
TSS双拖 Pair trawler 1.38 1.93 2.20 3.96 1.59 2.89 2.60 围网 Purse-seine 1.06 1.52 1.09 1.51 1.79 1.41 2.10 延绳钓 Longline 1.03 1.20 4.15 2.96 1.26 1.619 3.08 
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表 2 GAM模型拟合及最优模型筛选
Table 2. GAM model fitting and optimal model screening
作业方式
Fishing method公式
Formula赤池信息准则 AIC 双拖
Pair trawlerln(YCPUE+1)=NULL 17 521 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y) 17 517 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(m) 17 265 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(m)+S(Llon) 17 180 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(m)+S(Llon)+S(Llat) 17 098 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(m)+S(Llon)+S(Llat)+S(prec) 17 077 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(m)+S(Llon)+S(Llat)+S(prec)+S(SSS) 17 020 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(m)+S(Llon)+S(Llat)+S(prec)+S(SSS)+S(TSS) 16 933 围网
Purse-seineln(YCPUE+1)=NULL 11 161 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y) 10 481 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(Llon) 10 473 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(Llon)+S(Llat) 10 469 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(Llon)+S(Llat)+S(prec) 10 430 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(Llon)+S(Llat)+S(prec)+S(SSS) 10 390 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(Llon)+S(Llat)+S(prec)+S(SSS)+S(TSS) 10 352 延绳钓
Longlineln(YCPUE+1)=NULL −1 150 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y) −1 200 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(m) −1 284 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(m)+S(Llat) −1 462 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(m)+S(Llat)+S(SSS) −1 483 ln(YCPUE+1)=factor(y)+S(m)+S(Llat)+S(SSS)+S(TSS) −1 501
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表 3 各影响因子对3种作业方式鲣CPUE的影响
Table 3. Effects of environmental factors on CPUE of three fishing methods for skipjack
作业方式
Fishing method月份
m经度
Llon纬度
Llat降水
Pprec海表面盐度
SSS海表面温度
TSS双拖
Pair trawler自由度 DF 8.93 7.9 2.11 7.05 7.88 8.44 F 10.59 7.13 12.22 4.44 8.62 8.9 P <2×10−16 *** <2×10−16 *** 6.61×10−5 *** 1.85×10−5 *** <2×10−16 *** <2×10−16 *** 围网
Purse-seine自由度 DF — 6.27 5.7 5.07 6.93 7.63 F — 3.02 2.72 2.78 6.63 1.86 P — 0.003 50** 0.007 86** 0.014 03* < 2×10−16*** 0.039 41* 延绳钓
Longline自由度 DF 6.04 5.57 7.83 4.6 6.01 4.66 F 3.85 2.75 17.56 2.11 2.36 2.26 P < 2×10−16*** — < 2×10−16*** — 0.000 698*** 0.000 389*** 注：***. P<0.001；*. P<0.05。 Note: ***. P<0.001; *. P<0.05.
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