野生与养殖厚壳贻贝体框特征和线粒体<i>16S rRNA</i>基因的比较分析

夏飞宇; 张秀梅; 徐翩; 徐颖; 王一航

doi:10.12131/20230096

野生与养殖厚壳贻贝体框特征和线粒体16S rRNA基因的比较分析

doi: 10.12131/20230096

浙江海洋大学水产学院，浙江舟山 316022

基金项目: 浙江省重点研发计划 (2021C022047)；浙江省基础公益计划 (LQ22C190004)

详细信息

作者简介:
夏飞宇 (1999—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为贝类生理学。E-mail: 490941256@qq.com

通讯作者:
王一航 (1990—)，男，讲师，博士，研究方向为贝类资源增殖学和毒理学。E-mail: wangyh@zjou.edu.cn

中图分类号: S 968.3
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- 文章访问数: 97
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-04
- 修回日期: 2023-06-08
- 录用日期: 2023-06-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-30
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-05

Comparative analysis of shell frame characteristics and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene between wild and cultured mussels (Mytilus coruscus)

Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China

摘要

摘要: 了解厚壳贻贝 (Mytilus coruscus) 的生活环境对其生长的影响，对贻贝养殖业的高质量发展极为重要。以枸杞岛潮间带野生和浮筏养殖厚壳贻贝为研究对象，构建以壳长为基准的13个体框特征指标 (包括壳宽、壳高等)，比较两种厚壳贻贝的主要形态特征，并结合线粒体16S rRNA 基因的序列信息，分析其遗传关系与形态特征的关联性。结果表明，野生和养殖贻贝有10个体框特征指标存在显著性差异 (P<0.05)，野生的贝壳整体更宽厚、质量更大。应用逐步判别法筛选出的壳宽 (L₁)、壳高 (L₂)、壳顶至铰合部上端的距离 (L₁₀)、壳顶至足丝孔的距离 (L₁₂) 4个变量对野生和养殖厚壳贻贝的综合判别准确率达到94.9%。16S rRNA基因测序结果显示，野生厚壳贻贝的核苷酸多样性 (π) 为0.089，单倍型多样性 (H_d) 为0.894；养殖厚壳贻贝的π为0.087，H_d为0.682。野生与养殖厚壳贻贝的遗传多样性水平均较高，但系统发育树和单倍型网络图证明二者不存在显著的遗传分化，推测其形态差异可能主要受栖息环境 (波浪暴露强度、营养条件) 影响。
- 厚壳贻贝 /
- 形态差异 /
- 16S rRNA /
- 体框特征
Abstract: Understanding the impact of the environment of Mytilus unguiculatus on its growth is extremely important for promoting high-quality development of mussel breeding industry. Taking the wild (From Gouqi intertidal area) and cultured (From mussel culture rafts) M. coruscus as research objects, we constructed 13 shell frame characteristics indexes based on shell length, including shell width and shell height to compare their main morphological differences, and sequenced their 16S rRNA gene to analyze the genetic and morphological associations between them. The results show that there were significant differences in ten shell frame characteristics between wild and cultured mussels (P<0.05), and the shells of wild mussels were generally wider, thicker and heavier. Four variables were selected by stepwise discrimination method:L₁ (Shell width), L₂ (Shell height), L₁₀ (Distance from the top of shell to the upper end of hinge), L₁₂ (Distance from the top of shell to the byssus orifice). The comprehensive discrimination accuracy of wild and cultured mussels was 94.9%. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing shows that the wild mussels nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.089, and haplotype diversity (H_d) was 0.894; cultured mussels' π was 0.087 and H_d was 0.682. The genetic diversity level of wild and cultured mussles were relatively high, but the phylogenetic tree and haplotype network prove that there was no significant genetic differentiation between them. It is speculated that their morphological differences might be mainly influenced by their habitat environments (Wave exposure, growth density, etc.).
- Mytilus coruscus /
- Morphological differences /
- 16S rRNA /
- Shell frame characteristics

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图 1 体框特征测量点

Figure 1. Measurement points of shell frame characteristics

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图 2 野生与养殖厚壳贻贝壳长和壳质量的关系

Figure 2. Relationship between shell length and shell mass of wild and cultured M. coruscus

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图 3 野生与养殖厚壳贻贝体框特征差异

Figure 3. Differences in shell frame characteristics between wild and cultured M. coruscus

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图 4 体框特征间的相关性系数

Figure 4. Correlation coefficient between shell frame characteristics

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图 5 野生与养殖厚壳贻贝主成分分析得分图

Figure 5. Principal component scores of wild and cultured M. coruscus

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图 6 野生与养殖厚壳贻贝16S rRNA基因的单倍型网络图

Figure 6. Haploid network diagram of 16S rRNA gene in wild and cultured M. coruscus

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图 7 邻接距离法构建的厚壳贻贝16S rRNA 系统发育树

注：YS代表野生厚壳贻贝，YZ代表养殖厚壳贻贝。

Figure 7. Neighbour-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene of M. coruscus

Note: YS represents wild M. coruscus, and YZ represents cultured M. coruscus.

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表 1 野生与养殖厚壳贻贝体框特征参数

Table 1. Shell frame characteristics parameters of wild and cultured M. coruscus

体框架特征 Characteristics	代号 Code	野生群体 Wild population		养殖群体 Cultured population
体框架特征 Characteristics	代号 Code	Mean±SD	CV/%	Mean±SD	CV/%
W/L	L₁	0.323±0.021	6.52	0.374±0.025	6.76
H/L	L₂	0.490±0.035	7.10	0.535±0.034	6.36
AB/L	L₃	0.531±0.025	4.79	0.553±0.037	6.63
BC/L	L₄	0.198±0.034	16.95	0.199±0.042	21.22
CD/L	L₅	0.446±0.027	6.08	0.473±0.039	8.27
DE/L	L₆	0.447±0.047	10.49	0.460±0.049	10.64
AE/L	L₇	0.577±0.057	9.94	0.539±0.051	9.42
OA/L	L₈	0.683±0.039	5.67	0.729±0.046	6.37
OB/L	L₉	0.428±0.041	9.60	0.482±0.034	7.04
OC/L	L₁₀	0.306±0.023	7.67	0.337±0.028	8.37
OD/L	L₁₁	0.341±0.0.36	10.46	0.339±0.039	11.65
OE/L	L₁₂	0.266±0.044	16.55	0.299±0.037	12.55
OF/L	L₁₃	0.134±0.013	10.07	0.138±0.014	10.52

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表 2 野生与养殖厚壳贻贝体框特征之间的主成分分析

Table 2. Principal component analysis of shell frame characteristics between wild and cultured M. coruscus

方差解释及载荷 Variance explantion and loading	主成分 Principal component
方差解释及载荷 Variance explantion and loading	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
总方差解释 Total variance explanation
特征根 Eigenvalue	4.217	1.823	1.473	1.262
差异解释率 Proportion of variance/%	32.441	14.022	11.328	9.707
累积解释率 Cumulative proportion of variance/%	32.441	46.463	57.791	67.498
因子载荷 Loading
L₁	0.680	0.322	0.281	0.083
L₂	0.763	0.001	0.142	0.404
L₃	0.502	0.167	−0.255	0.416
L₄	0.308	−0.548	0.165	0.497
L₅	0.292	0.633	0.078	−0.482
L₆	0.544	−0.533	0.130	−0.453
L₇	−0.640	0.417	−0.180	0.314
L₈	0.675	0.186	−0.438	0.025
L₉	0.858	0.055	−0.066	0.042
L₁₀	0.545	0.585	0.004	−0.017
L₁₁	−0.184	0.188	0.776	−0.037
L₁₂	0.702	−0.329	−0.043	−0.309
L₁₃	0.142	0.092	0.652	0.192

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