Analysis of microbiammunl coity structure and potential pathogens in mucus, intestinal content of Acipenser dabryanus and culture water
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摘要: 长江鲟 (Acipenser dabriyanus) 为中国特有鱼类，已被国际自然保护联盟 (IUCN) 列为极危级 (CR) 物种。通过Illumina高通量测序技术，探究了长江鲟幼鱼黏液、肠道内容物及其养殖水体之间的微生物菌群组成、多样性及动态变化，以期为长江鲟幼鱼健康养殖和病害分析提供参考依据。结果显示：养殖水体微生物多样性最高，黏液次之，肠道内容物最低。黏液和肠道内容物微生物菌群结构更为相似，且可与养殖水体微生物菌群区分开来。在门水平，黏液和肠道内容物均以放线菌门、变形菌门和厚壁菌门为主；养殖水体则以变形菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门为主。研究还发现7种可能的病原菌在养殖水体和黏液中富集，当鱼体处于应激状态或养殖环境恶化时，可能导致病害发生。BugBase表型预测分析发现，长江鲟幼鱼黏液、肠道内容物及其养殖水体中存在革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌。其中肠道内容物的优势菌群为革兰氏阳性菌，占比超过60%；黏液和养殖水体的优势菌群均为革兰氏阴性菌，占比分别为60%和70%。在氧气需求方面，黏液和肠道内容物以好氧菌为主，养殖水体以好氧菌和兼性厌氧菌为主。Abstract: Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) is an endemic fish in China and has been listed as a critically endangered (CR) species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In order to provide a reference basis for healthy breeding and disease analysis of juvenile Yangtze sturgeon, we analyzed the composition, diversity and dynamic changes of microbial flora between its surface mucus, intestinal content and culture water by using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show the diversity of microorganisms in culture water was higher than that in mucus and intestinal content. The microbial community structure of mucus and intestinal content were more similar, and could be clearly distinguished from the microbial community of culture water. At phylum level, mucus and intestinal content were mainly composed of Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes,while the culture water was mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes. Seven potential pathogenic genera were found, mainly concentrated in culture water and mucus which might lead to the occurrence of diseases under certain circumstances. BugBase phenotype prediction analysis reveals that both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria were present in the mucus, intestinal content and culture water of juvenile Yangtze sturgeon. The dominant microbiota of intestinal content was Gram positive bacteria, accounting for over 60%. The dominant microbial communities in mucus and culture water were both Gram negative bacteria, accounting for 60% and 70%, respectively. In terms of oxygen demand, mucus and intestinal content were mainly composed of aerobic bacteria, while culture water was mainly composed of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria.
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图 2 黏液、肠道内容物及其养殖水体 OTUs 分布 Venn 图
Figure 2. Venn diagram analysis of mucus, intestinal content and culture water
图 3 黏液、肠道内容物及其养殖水体中微生物的 Alpha 多样性指数间差异检验
注：*. P<0.05；**. P<0.01；***. P<0.001。
Figure 3. Alpha diversity difference test among index groups of mucus, intestinal content and culture water
图 4 黏液、肠道内容物及养殖水体中微生物的 Beta 多样性
注：a. PCoA图 (属水平)；b. 样本层级聚类树 (属水平)。
Figure 4. Beta diversity of bacteria in mucus, intestinal content and culture water
Note: a. PCoA at genus level; b. Hierarchical clustering tree at genus level.
图 5 黏液 (a)、肠道内容物 (b) 及养殖水体中 (c) 微生物在门水平的菌群结构组成
Figure 5. Dominant species of bacteria in mucus (a), intestinal content (b) and culture water (c) at the phylum level
图 6 黏液 (a)、肠道内容物 (b) 及养殖水体中 (c) 微生物在属水平的菌群结构组成
Figure 6. Dominant species of bacteria in mucus, intestinal content and culture water at genus level
图 7 属水平下黏液、肠道内容物及其养殖水体中微生物组成热图
Figure 7. Heatmap of microbial communities in mucus, intestinal content and culture water at genus level
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