贝、藻耦合对集约化养殖尾水的净化效果研究

邓云龙; 曹煜成; 徐煜; 文国樑; 苏浩昌; 胡晓娟; 徐武杰; 卢洁; 余招龙

doi:10.12131/20230077

贝、藻耦合对集约化养殖尾水的净化效果研究

doi: 10.12131/20230077

邓云龙^{1, 2,},
曹煜成^{1, 2, 3, 4},
徐煜^{2, 3},
文国樑^{1, 2, ,},
苏浩昌^{2, 3, 4},
胡晓娟^{2, 3, 4},
徐武杰^{2, 3, 4},
卢洁²,
余招龙⁵

1.
上海海洋大学水产与生命学院，上海 201306
2.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室/广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室，广东广州 510300
3.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所深圳试验基地，广东深圳 518121
4.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室 (珠海)，广东珠海 519000
5.
广东冠利达海洋生物有限责任公司，广东茂名 525426

基金项目: 广东省重点研发计划项目 (2021B0202040001)；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金 (2020TD54)；2023年乡村振兴战略专项-农业科技发展及资源环境保护管理项目 (2023KJ149)；国家虾蟹产业技术体系 (CARS-48)；中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助 (2021SD08)；广东省农业科研项目和农业技术推广项目 (池塘多营养层级综合养殖模式示范)；2021年广东省驻镇帮扶农村科技特派员项目 (KTP20210297)

详细信息

作者简介:
邓云龙 (1998—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为养殖尾水净化。E-mail: 865881442@qq.com

通讯作者:
文国樑 (1978—)，男，研究员，硕士，研究方向为水产健康养殖。E-mail: guowen66@163.com

中图分类号: S 949
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- 文章访问数: 82
- HTML全文浏览量: 29
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-15
- 修回日期: 2023-06-07
- 录用日期: 2023-06-29
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-07
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-05

Study on purification effect of shellfish and algae coupling on intensive aquaculture tailwater

DENG Yunlong^{1, 2
,},
CAO Yucheng^{1, 2, 3, 4},
XU Yu^{2, 3},
WEN Guoliang^{1, 2
, ,},
SU Haochang^{2, 3, 4},
HU Xiaojuan^{2, 3, 4},
XU Wujie^{2, 3, 4},
LU Jie²,
YU Zhaolong⁵

1.
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China
3.
Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, China
4.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
5.
Guangdong Guanlida Marine Biological Co., Ltd., Maomin 525426, China

摘要

摘要: 为探讨贝、藻偶合方式对集约化养殖尾水的净化作用，研究分析了香港牡蛎 (Crassostrea hongkongensis) 和钝顶螺旋藻 (Spirulina platensis) 耦合对富含氮 (N)、磷 (P) 营养盐的生物絮团养殖尾水的处理效果。实验共设置5组，小规格组 (S)、中规格组 (M) 和大规格组 (L) 添加的牡蛎个体均质量分别为 (50.99±7.01)、(100.25±8.87) 和 (148.81±15.61) g，阴性对照组 (NC) 只添加螺旋藻，空白对照组 (BC) 不添加牡蛎和螺旋藻，实验组中螺旋藻密度约为 8×10⁵ 个·mL⁻¹，牡蛎生物量为3 kg·m⁻³。记录牡蛎的成活率及生长情况，显微镜计数螺旋藻密度，测定水体氨氮 ( ${\rm{NH}}_4^{\text{+}} $ -N)、亚硝酸盐 ( ${\rm{NO}}_2^{\text{−}} $ -N)、硝酸盐 ( ${\rm{NO}}_3^{\text{−}}$ -N)、活性磷酸盐 ( $ {\rm{PO}}_4^{3{\text{−}}}$ -P)、总无机氮 (TIN)、总氮 (TN)、总磷 (TP)、总悬浮物 (TSS) 等的浓度。结果显示，成活率S组>M组>L组，M组体质量增长率最高；NC组的螺旋藻密度最高 [(1.30±0.25)×10⁷ 个·mL⁻¹]；M组能去除30.61%的TSS；NC组的TIN和 ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3{\text{−}}} $ -P去除率最高，分别为89.29%和98.93%；M组的TN和TP去除率最高，分别为38.91%和55.10%。研究表明螺旋藻净化无机氮、无机磷效果明显，牡蛎能有效摄食水体中的螺旋藻，将个体均质量 (100.25±8.87) g的牡蛎与螺旋藻耦合，对去除养殖尾水中TN、TP和TSS的效果最佳。
- 养殖尾水 /
- 水质净化 /
- 香港牡蛎 /
- 钝顶螺旋藻
Abstract: To explore the purification effect of shellfish and algae coupling on intensive aquaculture tailwater, we analyzed the coupling effects of oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) and microalgae (Spirulina platensis) on tailwater treatment of biological flocs which are rich in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. A total of five groups were set up. The average mass of oysters added to the small (S), medium (M) and large (L) size groups was (50.99±7.01), (100.25±8.87) and (148.81±15.61) g, respectively. The negative control group (NC) was only added with spirulina, and the blank control group (BC) was not added with oysters and spirulina. The density of spirulina was about 8×10⁵ cell·mL⁻¹ and oyster biomass was 3 kg·m⁻³. The survival rate and growth of oysters were recorded, and the cell density of spirulina in water was counted under a microscope. The concentrations of ${\rm{NH}}_4^{\text{+}} $ -N, ${\rm{NO}}_2^{\text{−}} $ -N, ${\rm{NO}}_3^{\text{−}} $ -N, ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3{\text{−}}} $ -P, TIN, TN, TP and TSS in water were detected. The results show that the survival rate of oysters in the experimental group followed a descending order of S>M>L. The highest rate of weight gain was observed in Group M. The highest density of spirulina was (1.30±0.25)×10⁷ cells·mL⁻¹ in Group NC. The highest TSS removal rate in Group M was 30.61%. The NC group had the highest TIN and ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3{\text{−}}} $ -P removal rates of 89.29% and 98.93%, respectively. Group M had the highest TN and TP removal rates of 38.91% and 55.10%, respectively. The results suggest that spirulina has a significant effect on purifying inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Oysters can feed on spirulina in water effectively. Coupling oysters of average mass of (100.25±8.87) g with spirulina has the best effect on removing TN, TP and TSS from aquaculture tail water.
- Aquaculture tail water /
- Water purification /
- Crassostrea hongkongensis /
- Spirulina platensis

HTML全文

图 1 螺旋藻密度变化

注：组内不同上标字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05)；图中螺旋藻密度用以 10 为底的对数形式表示。

Figure 1. Quantity change of spirulina

Note: Values with different letters within the same group indicate significant differences (P<0.05). Spirulina densities are shown in logarithmic form with a base of 10.

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图 2 香港牡蛎胃内容物中的藻类 (400×)

Figure 2. Algae in stomach contents of C. hongkongensis (400×)

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图 3 水体悬浮颗粒物质量浓度变化

Figure 3. Change in TSS mass concentration in water

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图 4 养殖尾水中氮磷营养盐浓度变化

Figure 4. Concentration variation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in aquaculture tail water

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图 5 水体化学需氧量和总碱度变化

Figure 5. Change in COD and TA in water

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图 6 对照组水体中的优势微藻

Figure 6. Dominant microalgae in water of control group

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图 7 对照组卵囊藻密度变化

注：不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05)。

Figure 7. Change in density of oocysts in control group

Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

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表 1 牡蛎的生长及存活

Table 1. Growth and survival of C. hongkongensis

项目　　　　　　 Item	时间 t/d	小规格组 Small size (S)	中规格组 Medium size (M)	大规格组 Large size (L)
成活率 Survival rate/%	35	93.33±2.25^a	93.33±6.93^a	70.00±8.16^b
成活率 Survival rate/%	70	57.78±8.40^a	37.78±3.87^b	26.67±5.77^b
体质量增长率 Weight gain rate/%	35	0.35±0.60^a	0.07±0.93^a	−3.91±5.01^a
体质量增长率 Weight gain rate/%	70	−0.08±1.78^b	2.57±0.24^a	1.44±0.34^b
注：同行数据的不同上标字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05)，后表同此。 Note: Values with different letters within the same line indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The same case in the following tables.

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表 2 养殖尾水水质净化效果 (以去除率计)

Table 2. Purification effect of aquaculture tail water (Calculated by removal rate) %

水质指标 Water quality indicator	小规格组 Small size (S)	中规格组 Medium size (M)	大规格组 Large size (L)	阴性对照组 Negative control (NC)	空白对照组 Blank control (BC)
总悬浮颗粒物 TSS	−38.89±13.35^ab	30.61±19.93^a	−75.01±36.35^bc	−124.52±22.10^c	−325.86±50.91^d
硝酸盐 NO₃ ⁻-N	83.85±6.78^b	54.88±4.29^d	74.50±2.09^c	90.67±0.36^a	48.54±1.21^d
总无机氮 TIN	77.30±5.87^a	49.05±5.89^c	73.07±1.93^b	89.29±1.93^a	47.23±0.83^c
磷酸盐 PO₄ ³⁻-P	95.52±0.14^a	69.36±10.25^b	98.37±0.28^a	98.93±0.53^a	59.13±2.70^c
总氮 TN	42.64±9.32^a	38.91±0.90^ab	33.46±2.87^bc	18.23±2.99^d	29.63±3.17^c
总磷 TP	46.04±3.50^b	55.10±4.91^a	39.43±5.22^b	20.63±0.40^c	41.54±4.23^b
化学需氧量 COD	−9.94±5.03^a	5.95±0.70^a	−20.35±5.69^a	−28.49±6.54^b	−155.94±3.12^c

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表 3 水体常规理化指标变化

Table 3. Changes of physical and chemical indicators in water

组别 Group	温度 Temperature/℃	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen/(mg·L⁻¹)	pH	盐度 Salinity/‰
小规格组 Small size (S)	18.3±4.3	5.2±0.4	8.3~8.7	17±1
中规格组 Medium size (M)	18.3±4.3	5.2±0.4	8.3~8.7	17±1
大规格组 Large size (L)	18.3±4.3	5.2±0.4	8.3~8.7	17±1
阴性对照组 Negative control (NC)	18.3±4.3	5.3±0.4	8.3~8.9	17±1
空白对照组 Blank control (BC)	18.3±4.3	5.1±0.3	8.3~8.7	17±1

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