Research on aquaculture area distribution of tuna in South China Sea
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摘要: 南海是金枪鱼类的重要分布区，开展南海金枪鱼类养殖潜在适宜区选划研究具有重要意义。南海金枪鱼类的主要种类为黄鳍金枪鱼 (Thunnus albacares) 和鲣 (Katsuwonus pelamis)，根据其物种出现点以及7种南海环境数据，采用最大熵 (Maximum Entropy, MaxEnt) 模型定量评估了南海黄鳍金枪鱼和鲣的潜在养殖适宜性指数。结果表明：1) 模型受试者工作特征曲线的下面值均大于0.848，表明模型准确度良好，可用于模拟金枪鱼类养殖潜在适宜区的分布；2) 表层溶解氧、表层水温、底层水温、底层盐度是影响南海黄鳍金枪鱼和鲣养殖适宜栖息地分布的重要环境因子。其中，黄鳍金枪鱼的最适宜范围为：表层溶解氧浓度201.52~242.68 mol·m−3、底层水温1.96~32.61 ℃、底层盐度34.37‰~35.26‰；鲣的最适宜范围为：表层溶解氧浓度200.83~208.35 mol·m−3、表层水温19.71~28.96 ℃、底层盐度34.30‰~35.26‰；3) 黄鳍金枪鱼和鲣的养殖潜在高适宜分布区域较为集中，黄鳍金枪鱼主要集中在东沙渔场、南沙中部渔场以及南沙中西部渔场的东北部，鲣主要集中在台湾南部渔场的中西部以及东沙渔场。Abstract: The South China Sea is an important distribution area of tuna, so it is important to carry out researches on potentially suitable areas for tuna aquaculture in that area. The main tuna species in the South China Sea are yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), according to whose locations of occurrence and seven kinds of environmental data in that area, we used the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) Model to quantitatively evaluate the potential suitability indexes for their aquaculture. The results show that: 1) The face value of receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was greater than 0.84, indicating that the model is accurate and can be used to simulate the distribution of potentially suitable habitats for tuna. 2) Sea surface dissolved oxygen, sea surface temperature and sea benthic salinity were important environmental factors which affected the distribution of suitable habitats for yellowfin tuna and skipjack tuna in the South China Sea. The optimal sea surface dissolved oxygen, sea surface temperature and sea benthic salinity of yellowfin tuna were 201.52–242.68 mol·m−3, 1.96–32.61 ℃, 34.37‰–35.26‰, respectively, and those of skipjack tuna were 200.83–208.35 mol·m−3, 19.71–28.96 ℃, 34.30‰–35.26‰, respectively. 3) The distribution areas of yellowfin tuna were mainly concentrated in the Dongsha fishing ground, the middle Nansha fishing ground, and the northeast of the western and central Nansha fishing ground, while those of skipjack tuna were mainly concentrated in the western and central of the south Taiwan fishing ground and the Dongsha fishing ground.
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Key words:
- Tunas /
- Potential suitable areas for aquaculture /
- MaxEnt model /
- South China Sea
1)1 农业部南海区渔政局, 广东省地图出版社. 南海渔场作业图集 (内部发行)[M]. 广州: 广东省地图出版社, 1994. -
图 2 Jackknife 检验不包含某个环境因子 (a) 或仅包含某个环境因子 (b) 的得分
Figure 2. Score of Jackknife test without a certain environmental factor (a) or with only one environmental factor (b)
图 4 重要环境因子对金枪鱼适生性指数的响应曲线
Figure 4. Response curve of important environmental factors to suitable index of tuna
表 1 模型检验结果
Table 1. Model test results
种类
Species训练数据 (AUC 值)
Training data (AUC value)测试数据 (AUC 值)
Test data (AUC value)AUC 值标准差
Standard deviation of AUC value黄鳍金枪鱼 T. albacares 0.872 3 0.848 1 0.022 4 鲣 K. pelamis 0.880 3 0.872 1 0.028 8 
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