孙叶, 刘永, 李纯厚, 吴鹏, 李亚芳, 舒黎明, 林琳, 肖雅元, 唐广隆. 珠江口大型底栖动物群落结构特征及影响因素[J]. 南方水产科学, 2023, 19(5): 39-47. DOI: 10.12131/20230048
引用本文: 孙叶, 刘永, 李纯厚, 吴鹏, 李亚芳, 舒黎明, 林琳, 肖雅元, 唐广隆. 珠江口大型底栖动物群落结构特征及影响因素[J]. 南方水产科学, 2023, 19(5): 39-47. DOI: 10.12131/20230048
SUN Ye, LIU Yong, LI Chunhou, WU Peng, LI Yafang, SHU Liming, LIN Lin, XIAO Yayuan, TANG Guanglong. Community characteristics and influencing factors of macrobenthos in Pearl River Estuary[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2023, 19(5): 39-47. DOI: 10.12131/20230048
Citation: SUN Ye, LIU Yong, LI Chunhou, WU Peng, LI Yafang, SHU Liming, LIN Lin, XIAO Yayuan, TANG Guanglong. Community characteristics and influencing factors of macrobenthos in Pearl River Estuary[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2023, 19(5): 39-47. DOI: 10.12131/20230048

珠江口大型底栖动物群落结构特征及影响因素

Community characteristics and influencing factors of macrobenthos in Pearl River Estuary

  • 摘要: 珠江口是广东最大的出海口,在中国河口生态系统中占据重要地位。为揭示珠江口大型底栖动物群落的季节性变化规律,分别于2019年冬季 (12月)、2020年夏季 (8月)、2021年春季 (3月) 和秋季 (10月) 对珠江口海域开展了4个航次的调查。运用多元统计分析方法对采集的大型底栖动物的种类组成、生物量和多样性指数等进行了分析。结果显示:4次调查共发现大型底栖动物138 种,以春季大型底栖动物种类数最高 (45 种),春季栖息密度最高 (590 个·m−2),夏季最低。生物量则是冬季最高、秋季最低。光滑倍棘蛇尾 (Amphiopholis laevis) 为春、夏和秋季的共有优势种。单因素方差分析 (One-way ANOVA) 结果表明,Margalef丰富度指数 (D)、Shannon指数 (H') 和Pielou均匀度指数 (J') 均在季节间变化显著 (P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,大型底栖动物多样性与pH、悬浮物 (Suspended solids, SS) 和化学需氧量 (Chemical oxygen demand, COD) 等多种环境因子呈显著相关性。研究表明大型底栖动物的季节性变化是多种环境因子共同作用的结果,需进一步加强对该海域生物多样性的长期监测与保护。

     

    Abstract: The Pearl River Estuary is the largest estuary in Guangdong Province, and plays an important role in China's estuarine ecosystem. In order to explore the seasonal variation of macrobenthic community, we conducted four surveys in Pearl River Estuary waters in summer 2020 (August), winter 2019 (December), spring 2021 (March) and autumn 2021 (October). The species composition, biomass and diversity of the collected macrobenthic fauna were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 138 benthic species were recorded. The number of macrobenthic species  was higher in spring (45) than that in the other three seasons. The highest density was observed in spring and the lowest in summer; the highest biomass was obsered in winter and the lowest in autumn. Amphiopholis laevis was the dominant species in spring, summer and autumn. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the changes of Margalef richness index (D), Shannon index (H') and Pielou evenness index (J') were all significantly different in different seasons (P<0.05), and the Pearson correlation analysis shows that the diversity of macrobenthic fauna was significantly correlated with pH, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and other environmental factors. The results indicate that the seasonal variation of macrobenthic community results from the combined effect of multiple environmental factors. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the long-term monitoring and protection of biodiversity in this area.

     

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