裂褶菌多糖对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫和肠道菌群的影响

蒋魁; 胡晓娟; 徐创文; 洪敏娜; 刘曦瑶; 麦晓勇; 陈海谊; 杨铿

doi:10.12131/20230041

裂褶菌多糖对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫和肠道菌群的影响

doi: 10.12131/20230041

蒋魁^{1, 2,},
胡晓娟¹,
徐创文²,
洪敏娜²,
刘曦瑶²,
麦晓勇²,
陈海谊²,
杨铿^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室/广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室，广东广州 510300
2.
广州市欣海利生生物科技有限公司，广东广州 510300

基金项目: 广东省重点领域研发计划项目 (2021B0202040001)；2021年广东省驻镇帮镇扶村农村科技特派员项目 (水产健康养殖技术集成与示范)；国家虾蟹产业技术体系 (CARS-48)；2023年乡村振兴战略专项——农业科技发展及资源环境保护管理项目 (2023KJ149)；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金 (2020TD54)；中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助 (2021SD08)

详细信息

作者简介:
蒋魁：蒋　魁 (1990—)，男，工程师，硕士，研究方向为水产养殖技术及病害防控。E-mail: jiangkui0514@163.com

通讯作者:
杨　铿 (1975—)，男，副研究员，研究方向为水产健康养殖技术。E-mail: yangkeng66@163.com

中图分类号: S 963
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-13
- 修回日期: 2023-06-10
- 录用日期: 2023-06-29
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-07
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-05

Effects of schizophyllan on growth, immunity and intestinal microflora of Litopenaeus vannamei

1.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China
2.
Guangzhou Xinhailisheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510300, China

摘要

摘要: 裂褶菌多糖是裂褶菌 (Schizophyllum communer Fr.) 子实体、菌丝体或发酵液提取的具有β-(1,6) 分支的 β-(1,3)-D葡聚糖。为了探究裂褶菌多糖饲养凡纳滨对虾 (Litopenaeus vannamei) 的效果，选用12口凡纳滨对虾养殖池，按照裂褶菌多糖的添加量 (质量分数)，分别设置0% (C组)、0.5% (S1组)、1.0% (S2组) 和2.0% (S3组) 4组进行56 d的饲养实验，分析对虾的生长、血清理化、免疫指标和肠道菌群等变化。结果显示，S2组的终末体质量、平均体质量增长率和特定生长率均显著高于C、S1和S3组 (P<0.05)；S2、S3组内层上皮细胞的高度显著高于C和S1组 (P<0.05)。与对照组相比，S2和S3组血清中的尿酸含量显著降低 (P<0.05)，S1组则无显著性差异 (P>0.05)。S2和S3组血清中溶菌酶、总一氧化氮合成酶、酚氧化酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性均显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)。S2组过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)；各实验组血清丙二醛含量均有不同程度的降低 (P>0.05)。肠道菌群Ace、Chao1、Shannon、Simpson指数均无显著性差异 (P>0.05)。在门水平上，与对照组相比，添加裂褶菌多糖的各实验组变形菌门相对丰度均下降，软壁菌门升高。在属水平上，与对照组相比，S2组中Formosa、Pseudoruegeria、Muricauda和鲁杰氏菌属 (Ruegeria) 相对丰度均显著升高 (P<0.05)，而弧菌属 (Vibrio) 相对丰度显著降低 (P<0.05)。结果表明，在饲料中添加1.0%的裂褶菌多糖能显著提升凡纳滨对虾的生长性能、免疫力和抗氧化能力，增加肠道有益菌丰度，降低有害菌丰度。
- 凡纳滨对虾 /
- 裂褶菌多糖 /
- 肠道菌群 /
- 免疫
Abstract: Schizophyllan (SPG) is a type of polysaccharide with β-(1,6) branching β-(1,3)-D-glucan, extracted from the fruiting body, mycelium or fermentation broth of Schizophyllum communer. In order to study the effects of SPG feed on the cultivation of Litopenaeus vannamei, we selected 12 L. vannamei breeding ponds, and set up four groups according to the addition amounts of SPG [Group C (0%), Group S1 (0.5%), Group S2 (1.0%) and Group S3 (2.0%)] for a 56-day experiment, then we investigated the growth, blood clearance, immune indicators and intestinal microflora. The results show that the final body mass, average weight gain rate and specific weight gain rate of Group S2 were significantly higher than those of Group C, S1 and S3 (P<0.05). The height of inner epithelial cells in Group S2 and S3 were significantly higher than those in Group C and S1 (P<0.05). Compared with Group C, the contents of serum uric acid (UC) in Group S2 and S3 were significantly lower (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Group S1 (P>0.05). The activities of lysozyme (LZM), total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS), phenol oxidase (PO) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum of Group S2 and S3 were significantly higher than those in Group C (P<0.05). The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in Group S2 were significantly higher than those of Group C (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in all experimental groups decreased to different extents (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in Ace, Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indexes of intestinal flora (P>0.05). At phylum level, compared with Group C, the abundance of Proteobacteria in the experimental groups added with SPG decreased, while that of Tenericutes increased. At genus level, compared with Group C, the abundances of Formosa, Pseudoruegeria, Muricauda and Rugella in Group S2 increased significantly (P<0.05), while the abundance of Vibrio decreased significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, adding 1.0% SPG in feed can improve the growth performance, immunity and antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei, increase the proportion of beneficial bacteria and reduce the proportion of harmful bacteria in intestinal tract.
- Litopenaeus vannamei /
- Schizophyllan /
- Intestinal microbiota /
- Immunity

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图 1 对照组与实验组肠道切片对比 (200×)

a. C组 (0%) 肠道切片；b. S1 组 (0.5%) 肠道切片；c. S2 组 (1.0%) 肠道切片；d. S3 组 (2.0%) 肠道切片；A、B、C为不同上皮细胞高度。

Figure 1. Comparison of intestinal slices between control group and test groups (200×)

a. Intestinal slices of Group C; b. Intestinal slices of Group S1; c. Intestinal slices of Group S2; d. Intestinal slices of Group S3; A, B and C represent different epithelial cell heights.

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图 2 对照组与实验组肠道上皮细胞高度

Figure 2. Height of intestinal epithelial cells in control and test groups

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图 3 不同浓度裂褶菌多糖饲喂凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群在门水平的相对丰度

Figure 3. Relative abundance of predominant phylum of intestinal microflora of L.vannamei fet with different concentrations of schizophyllan

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图 4 不同水平裂褶菌多糖饲喂凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群属水平的相对丰度

Figure 4. Relative abundance of predominant genus of intestinal microflora of L.vannamei fet with different concentrations of schizophyllan

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表 1 裂褶菌多糖对凡纳滨对虾生长性能比较

Table 1. Comparison of effects of schizophyllan on growth performance of L. vannamei

指标　　　　　 Index	裂褶菌多糖添加量 Addition amounts of schizophyllan
指标　　　　　 Index	0% (C)	0.5% (S1)	1.0% (S2)	2.0% (S3)
初始体质量 Initial body mass/g	1.85±0.03	1.85±0.03	1.85±0.03	1.85±0.03
终末体质量 Final body mass/g	18.44±3.34^a	20.33±0.45^a	23.13±0.31^b	19.90±2.55^a
体质量增长率 WGR/%	896.94±180.42^a	999.10±24.37^a	1 150.45±16.51^b	975.68±137.90^a
特定生长率 SGR/(%·d⁻¹)	4.09±0.33^a	4.28±0.40^a	4.51±0.24^b	4.23±0.23^a
饲料系数 FCR	1.45±0.01	1.47±0.02	1.45±0.02	1.46±0.03
成活率 SR/%	70.15±0.10^a	70.12±0.11^a	75.37±0.32^b	72.21±0.13^c
摄食量 FI/g	18.89±0.43^a	21.44±0.36^b	25.77±0.38^c	21.23±0.40^b
终末体长 Final body length/cm	11.03±1.16	11.75±0.35	12.25±0.64	11.88±0.88
注：组间显著性差异采用不同小写字母表示 (P<0.05)，下同。 Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (P<0.05); the same below.

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表 2 裂褶菌多糖对凡纳滨对虾血清生化指标的影响

Table 2. Effect of schizophyllan on serum biochemical indexes of L. vannamei

指标　　　　　 Index	裂褶菌多糖添加量 Addition amount of schizophyllan
指标　　　　　 Index	0% (C)	0.5% (S1)	1.0% (S2)	2.0% (S3)
总蛋白 TP/(g·L⁻¹)	52.71±13.01	59.49±11.00	69.07±4.48	53.91±7.18
胆固醇 CHO/(mmol·L⁻¹)	0.72±0.21	0.69±0.10	0.64±0.20	0.74±0.39
尿酸 UA/(μmol·L⁻¹)	20.17±5.95^a	16.06±3.51^ab	12.95±2.09^b	10.75±2.44^b
谷草转氨酶 AST/(U·L⁻¹)	382.00±142.68	443.67±100.81	474.33±140.63	427.33±143.12
谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U·L⁻¹)	431.67±55.37^a	247.33±91.15^b	302.00±61.29^ab	230.67±123.45^b
溶菌酶 LZM/(U·mL⁻¹)	0.05±0.01^a	0.09±0.03^ac	0.14±0.04^b	0.13±0.03^bc
酚氧化酶 PO/(U·mL⁻¹)	0.30±0.11^a	0.52±0.03^b	0.47±0.03^b	0.41±0.05^b
碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(U·mL⁻¹)	0.64±0.32^a	1.43±0.39^b	1.70±0.24^b	1.43±0.03^b
总一氧化氮合酶 TNOS/(U·mL⁻¹)	12.89±1.44^a	13.75±0.83^ac	15.59±1.64^bc	16.23±1.04^b
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U·mL⁻¹)	246.55±7.35^a	267.37±47.87^a	333.78±25.07^b	253.23±40.09^a
过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U·mL⁻¹)	12.93±2.87^a	17.18±2.57^b	23.68±0.91^c	20.59±0.97^bc
丙二醛 MDA/(nmol·L⁻¹)	6.40±1.20	5.95±0.54	5.77±0.68	6.31±2.71
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U·mL⁻¹)	5.18±1.66^a	5.75±0.82^ab	8.67±2.41^b	7.40±1.62^ab

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表 3 裂褶菌多糖对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群多样性的影响

Table 3. Effects of schizophyllan on intestinal microflora diversity of L. vannamei

指标　　　　　 Index	裂褶菌多糖添加量 Addition amounts of schizophyllan
指标　　　　　 Index	0% (C)	0.5% (S1)	1.0% (S2)	2.0% (S3)
操作分类单元 OTUs	236.33±19.50	201.00±25.16	242.67±82.97	240.33±3.21
Chaol 指数 Chao1	261.33±19.43	227.33±24.83	266.67±78.82	274.33±23.03
ACE 指数 ACE	261.33±10.50	226.33±22.23	269.67±71.39	262.47±22.50
香农指数 Shannon	3.37±0.57	3.45±0.18	3.48±0.15	3.42±0.12
辛普森指数 Simpson	0.70±0.24	0.53±0.13	0.57±0.08	0.65±0.05
覆盖率指数 Coverage	0.999±0.00	0.999±0.00	0.999±0.00	0.999±0.00

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