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发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼生长、饲料利用性能及肠道菌群的影响

吴光德 兰鲲鹏 陈旭 王芸 周传朋 林黑着 马振华 王珺

吴光德, 兰鲲鹏, 陈旭, 王芸, 周传朋, 林黑着, 马振华, 王珺. 发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼生长、饲料利用性能及肠道菌群的影响[J]. 南方水产科学. doi: 10.12131/20230036
引用本文: 吴光德, 兰鲲鹏, 陈旭, 王芸, 周传朋, 林黑着, 马振华, 王珺. 发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼生长、饲料利用性能及肠道菌群的影响[J]. 南方水产科学. doi: 10.12131/20230036
WU Guangde, LAN Kunpeng, CHEN Xu, WANG Yun, ZHOU Chuanpeng, LIN Heizhao, MA Zhenhua, WANG Jun. Effects of replacement of fish meal by fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance, feed utilization and intestinal bacteria community of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)[J]. South China Fisheries Science. doi: 10.12131/20230036
Citation: WU Guangde, LAN Kunpeng, CHEN Xu, WANG Yun, ZHOU Chuanpeng, LIN Heizhao, MA Zhenhua, WANG Jun. Effects of replacement of fish meal by fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance, feed utilization and intestinal bacteria community of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)[J]. South China Fisheries Science. doi: 10.12131/20230036

发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼生长、饲料利用性能及肠道菌群的影响

doi: 10.12131/20230036
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目 (32172984);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费 (2020TD55);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助 (2021XK02, 2021SD09)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    吴光德 (1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为鱼类营养与饲料。E-mail: 843007708@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    王 珺 (1979—),女,研究员,博士,研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料学。E-mail: jwang@scsfri.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: S 917.4

Effects of replacement of fish meal by fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance, feed utilization and intestinal bacteria community of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

  • 摘要: 发酵棉籽粉是一种优质植物蛋白原料,具有替代饲料鱼粉的潜力。为评估发酵棉籽粉作为卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus) 饲料蛋白源的适宜性及适宜替代水平,用发酵棉籽粉分别替代卵形鲳鲹幼鱼饲料中0% (对照组)、25%、50%、75%和100%的鱼粉 (基础饲料中鱼粉质量分数为35%),配制成5种实验饲料,饲喂幼鱼 [初始体质量为 (12.57±0.25) g] 7周,探究了发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉对幼鱼存活、生长和饲料利用性能及肠道菌群组成的影响。结果显示,发酵棉籽粉替代组的存活、生长、饲料利用率以及蛋白质、脂肪沉积效率均低于鱼粉对照组,但25%和50%替代组与对照组无显著性差异 (P>0.05)。但当发酵棉籽粉替代75%~100%鱼粉时,刺激了卵形鲳鲹肝脏的抗氧化系统,使总超氧化物歧化酶 (T-SOD) 和过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性高于对照组。此外肝脏HE染色切片显示其细胞空泡化现象加剧,100%替代组的血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量降低,肝脏合成蛋白能力可能下降。发酵棉籽粉高水平替代鱼粉会影响卵形鲳鲹的肠道菌群组成,表现为有益菌丰度下降,有害菌的丰度上升,从而影响了肠道菌群功能。综合考虑生长性能和鱼体健康,建议卵形鲳鲹饲料中发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉水平以25%为宜。
  • 图  1  不同发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉水平下卵形鲳鲹肝脏HE染色切片 (400×,红圈代表细胞质空泡化现象)

    Figure  1.  Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained liver sections of juvenile T. ovatus fed with reference and experimental diets containing different FCSM replacements (400×, red circles represent cytoplasmic vacuolization)

    图  2  不同发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉水平下卵形鲳鲹的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和尿素氮含量

    Figure  2.  Contents of serum total protein, albumin, globulin and blood urea nitrogen of juvenile T. ovatus fed with reference and experimental diets containing different FCSM replacements

    图  3  不同发酵棉籽粉替代水平下卵形鲳鲹的肠道菌群物种多样性指标

    Figure  3.  Species diversity indexes of intestinal flora of juvenile T. ovatus fed with reference and experimental diets containing different FCSM replacements

    图  4  不同发酵棉籽粉替代水平下卵形鲳鲹的肠道菌群组成 (门水平)

    Figure  4.  Relative abundance of intestinal flora of juvenile T. ovatus fed with reference and experimental diets containing different FCSM replacements (Phylum level)

    图  5  不同发酵棉籽粉替代水平下卵形鲳鲹肠道菌群组成 (属水平)

    Figure  5.  Relative abundance of intestinal flora of juvenile T. ovatus fed with reference and experimental diets containing different FCSM replacements (Genus level)

    图  6  摄食全鱼粉蛋白饲料和全棉籽粉蛋白饲料的卵形鲳鲹肠道菌群功能预测 (KEGG L2)

    Figure  6.  Prediction of intestinal flora function of juvenile T. ovatus fed with reference and experimental diets containing 100% FCSM replacement (KEGG L2)

    表  1  实验饲料组成及营养组成 (干物质)

    Table  1.   Formulation and proximate composition of reference and experimental diets (Dry mass) %

    原料 Ingredient发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉比例 Proportion of FCSM replacement
    0%25%50%75%100%
    鱼粉 Fish meal 35.00 26.25 17.50 8.75 0.00
    发酵棉籽粉 Fermented cottonseed meal 0.00 11.47 22.94 34.41 45.00
    大豆浓缩蛋白 Soy protein Conc 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00
    鸡肉粉 Chicken meal 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
    赖氨酸 L-Lysine 0.00 0.21 0.42 0.63 0.85
    蛋氨酸 DL-methionine 0.00 0.10 0.19 0.29 0.39
    高筋面粉 Gluten flour 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00
    诱食剂 Attractant 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
    卵磷脂 Lecithin 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
    鱼油 Fish oil 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00
    维生素和矿物质预混料
    Vitamin and mineral premix
    2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
    氯化胆碱 Choline chloride 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
    磷酸二氢钙 Ca(H2PO4)2 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
    维生素 Vitamin C 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
    骨粉 Bone meal 13.20 9.67 6.15 2.62 0
    营养成分分析 (干基) Analyzed proximate composition (Dry basis)
     水分 Moisture 9.5±0.2 8.3±0.1 10.4±0.1 11.0±0.1 9.9±0.1
     粗蛋白 Crude protein 40.6±0.3 41.6±0.3 43.3±0.3 44.6±0.1 44.9±0.1
     粗脂肪 Crude lipid 9.7±0.1 9.7±0.2 9.8±0.1 9.8±0.15 9.8±0.1
     粗纤维 Crude fiber 0.33 1.62 2.91 4.20 5.39
     灰分 Ash 21.4±0.1 18.1±0.2 14.2±0.1 10.9±0.1 8.6±0.1
     游离棉酚质量分数
     Free gossypol mass fraction/(mg·kg−1)
    0 29.93 59.85 89.78 119.70
    注:①. 水分7.1% (质量分数,后同)、粗蛋白68.0%、粗脂肪8.0%、粗纤维0.2%、灰分16.4%;②. 水分7.2%、粗蛋白59.7%、粗脂肪1.7%、粗纤维11.4%、灰分6.6%;③. 水分9.0%、粗蛋白65.0%、粗脂肪0.5%、粗纤维0.1%、灰分2.6%;④. 水分9.0%、粗蛋白65.0%、粗脂肪5.0%、粗纤维2.6%、灰分12.1%;⑤. 水分9.7%、粗蛋白16.4%、粗脂肪1.0%、粗纤维0.6%、灰分1.5%;⑥. 诱食剂为二甲基-β-丙酸噻亭(Dimethyl-β-propiothetin , DMPT)、甘氨酸、牛磺酸等比例混合;⑦. 维生素和矿物质预混料物质质量分数 (mg·kg−1):维生素A乙酸酯150 000 IU,维生素D3 75 000 IU,dl-α-生育酚乙酸酯2 500,亚硫酸氢烟酰胺甲萘醌250,硝酸硫铵 (维生素B1) 320,核黄素 (维生素B2) 700,盐酸吡哆醇 (维生素B6) 500,氰钴胺 (维生素B12) 4,肌醇4 000,L-抗坏血酸-2-磷酸酯5 500,烟酰胺3 800,D-泛酸钙1 600,叶酸80,D-生物素4,铜 (甘氨酸铜络合物) 200,一水硫酸亚铁1 800,硫酸锰450,硫酸锌5 500,碘酸钙100,亚硒酸钠15,硫酸钴50,乙氧基喹啉0~300,二丁基羟基甲苯0~750。 Note: ①. Moisture 7.1% (mass fraction, the same below), crude protein 68.0%, crude lipid 8.0%, crude fiber 0.2%, ash 16.4%; ②. Moisture 7.2%, crude protein 59.7%, crude lipid 1.7%, crude fiber 11.4%, ash 6.6%; ③. Moisture 9.0%, Crude protein 65.0%, Crude lipid 0.5%, Crude fiber 0.1%, Ash 2.6%; ④. Moisture 9.0%, Crude protein 65.0%, Crude lipid 5.0%, Crude fiber 2.6%, Ash 12.1%; ⑤. Moisture 9.7%, Crude protein 16.4%, Crude lipid 1.0%, Crude fiber 0.6%, Ash 1.5%; ⑥. The palatability enhancer is a mixture of dimethyl-β-propionate, glycine and taurine; ⑦. Composition of vitamin and mineral premixa (mg·kg−1): Retinyl acetate 150 000 IU, Vitamin D3 75 000 IU, dl-α-tocopherol acetate 2 500 mg, Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite 250, Vitamin B1 320, Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 700, Vitamin B6 500, Vitamin B12 4, Inositol 4 000, Cholinesalicylate 5 500, Nicotinamide 3 800, D-calcium pantothenate 1 600, Folic acid 80, D-biotin 4, Copper (Copperdiglycinate) 200, Ferrous sulfate monohydrate 1 800, Manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate 450, Zinc (zinc sulfate monohydrate) 5 500, Iodine (calcium iodate) 100, Selenium (sodium selenite) 15, Cobalt (Cobalt sulfate hydrate) 50, Ethoxyquin 0–300, Dibutylhydroxytoluene 0–750.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉水平下卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的存活、生长和饲料利用性能

    Table  2.   Survival, growth and feed utilization of juvenile T. ovatus fed with reference and experimental diets containing different FCSM replacements

    指标
    Index
    发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉水平 Replacement of fish meal by FCSM单因素方差分析
    ANOVA
    (P>F)
    线性趋势
    Linear
    trend
    (P>F)
    二次趋势
    Quadratic
    trend
    (P>F)
    0% (对照组
    Control)
    25%50%75%100%
    成活率 Survival/% 85.00±5.09b 80.00±6.94ab 85.00±6.31b 72.50±5.34ab 63.33±2.72a 0.061 0.010 0.210
    终末质量 FBW/g 42.34±3.92 40.78±2.62 39.87±1.49 39.14±3.80 35.08±1.38 0.487 0.095 0.648
    体质量增长率 WGR/% 239.8±31.9 226.7±20.0 217.6±10.2 212.81±29.4 181.07±12.7 0.471 0.087 0.692
    摄食率 FR/% 0.79±0.01 0.82±0.02 0.80±0.02 0.82±0.04 0.83±0.07 0.699 0.220 0.899
    饲料利用率 FE 0.64±0.06b 0.59±0.07ab 0.61±0.01ab 0.54±0.06ab 0.45±0.05a 0.116 0.016 0.348
    蛋白沉积率 PR/% 28.32±1.75b 27.12±2.86ab 26.21±1.64ab 21.94±3.14ab 17.17±1.78a 0.020 0.002 0.225
    脂肪沉积率 LR/% 76.79±9.80c 67.04±4.14bc 64.41±1.43bc 48.73±4.11ab 25.50±4.63a 0.000 0.000 0.079
    注:同行不同上标字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05),F代表显著性概率。后表同此。 Note: Values with same letters within the same row are not significantly different (P>0.05). F represents the probability of significance. The same case in the following tables.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉水平下卵形鲳鲹鱼体的营养组成

    Table  3.   Nutritional composition of juvenile T. ovatus fed with reference and experimental diets                    containing different FCSM replacements                %

    指标
    Index
    发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉水平 Replacement of fish meal by FCSM单因素
    方差分析
    ANOVA
    (P>F)
    线性趋势
    Linear
    trend
    (P>F)
    二次趋势
    Quadratic
    trend
    (P>F)
    0% (对照组
    Control)
    25%50%75%100%
    水分质量分数
    Mass fraction of moisture/%
    65.93±0.67a 66.37±0.32ab 67.13±0.19ab 68.30±0.54bc 70.26±0.58c 0.000 0.000 0.083
    粗蛋白质量分数
    Mass fraction of crude protein/%
    18.00±0.35 18.43±0.22 18.34±0.55 18.25±0.36 17.72±0.31 0.673 0.542 0.189
    粗脂质量分数
    Mass fraction of crude lipid/%
    10.31±0.53c 9.72±0.25bc 9.42±0.09bc 8.48±0.35b 6.57±0.25a 0.000 0.000 0.017
    灰分质量分数
    Mass fraction of ash/%
    4.30±0.17 4.21±0.05 4.43±0.13 4.25±0.06 4.65±0.17 0.162 0.089 0.256
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉水平下卵形鲳鲹鱼体的形体指标

    Table  4.   Physical indexes of juvenile T. ovatus fed with reference and experimental diets                   containing different FCSM replacements                 %

    指标
    Index
    发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉水平 Replacement of fish meal by FCSM单因素方差分析
    ANOVA
    (P>F)
    线性趋势
    Linear trend
    (P>F)
    二次趋势
    Quadratic trend
    (P>F)
    0% (对照组 Control)25%50%75%100%
    肝体比 HIS/% 1.39±0.13b 0.91±0.05a 1.02±0.05a 1.14±0.08ab 1.06±0.04a 0.002 0.083 0.007
    脏体比 VSI/% 6.34±0.16 6.21±0.14 5.80±0.41 6.31±0.16 6.44±0.19 0.388 0.686 0.124
    肥满度 CF/(g·cm−3) 3.09±0.06 3.11±0.06 3.09±0.05 3.18±0.05 3.04±0.05 0.395 0.837 0.241
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  不同发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉水平下卵形鲳鲹的肠道消化酶活性和肝脏抗氧化酶活性

    Table  5.   Digestive enzyme activities and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile T. ovatus fed with reference and experimental diets containing different FCSM replacements

    指标     
    Index     
    发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉水平 Replacement of fish meal by FCSM单因素
    方差分析
    ANOVA
    (P>F)
    线性趋势
    Linear
    trend
    (P>F)
    二次趋势
    Quadratic
    trend
    (P>F)
    0%
    (对照组 Control)
    25%50%75%100%
    胃蛋白酶活性
    Pepsin activity/(U·mg−1)
    71.73±6.91 60.93±6.15 62.17±4.13 62.08±5.94 58.18±4.95 0.518 0.133 0.637
    肠道胰蛋白酶活性
    Intestinal trypsin activity/(U·mg−1)
    2 119.7±392.6 1 902.7±619.7 1 606.1±223.0 1 705.5±390.6 1 482.0±232.6 0.700 0.193 0.760
    肠道α-淀粉酶活性
    Intestine α-amylase activity /(U·mg−1)
    15.33±1.75 13.88±2.41 13.55±1.31 9.70±2.08 9.81±1.28 0.124 0.015 0.946
    肠道脂肪酶活性
    Intestinal lipase activity/(U·g−1)
    13.96±0.61a 17.29±0.77b 15.95±0.22ab 15.37±0.31ab 17.29±1.10b 0.018 0.026 0.530
    肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性
    T-SOD of liver/(U·mg−1)
    444.86±33.68 432.68±29.54 445.68±17.98 484.21±37.00 450.95±13.16 0.794 0.540 0.802
    肝脏过氧化氢酶活性
    CAT of liver/(U·mg−1)
    39.59±7.73 46.32±6.51 41.83±3.32 50.94±4.31 48.02±0.49 0.494 0.174 0.792
    肝脏总抗氧化能力
    T-AOC of liver/(mmol·g−1)
    0.33±0.03 0.20±0.02 0.25±0.02 0.24±0.01 0.25±0.04 0.063 0.125 0.061
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-03-07
  • 修回日期:  2023-04-23
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