低鱼粉饮食中添加半胱氨酸对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼脂质和蛋白质代谢的影响

刘佳兴; 郭华阳; 朱克诚; 刘宝锁; 张楠; 冼霖; 张殿昌

doi:10.12131/20230030

低鱼粉饮食中添加半胱氨酸对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼脂质和蛋白质代谢的影响

doi: 10.12131/20230030

刘佳兴^{1, 2, 3,},
郭华阳^{2, 3},
朱克诚^{2, 3},
刘宝锁^{2, 3},
张楠^{2, 3},
冼霖^{2, 3},
张殿昌^{2, 3, ,}

1.
大连海洋大学水产与生命学院，辽宁大连 116023
2.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室，广东广州 510300
3.
广东省海洋生物种业工程技术研究中心，广东广州 510300

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目 (U20A2064)；中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助 (2021SD12)；中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助 (2022TD29)；国家海水鱼产业技术体系资助 (CARS-47)；广东省现代农业产业技术体系海水鱼产业创新项目(2019KJ143)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘佳兴 (1996—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为水产动物营养。E-mail: liujiaxing96@163.com

通讯作者:
张殿昌 (1977—)，男，研究员，博士，研究方向为水产种质资源与遗传育种。E-mail: zhangdch@scsfri.ac.cn

中图分类号: S 963.73
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-02
- 修回日期: 2023-03-30
- 录用日期: 2023-04-13
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-17

Effects of cysteine addition to low-fishmeal diets on metabolism of lipid and protein in juvenile Trachinotus ovatus

LIU Jiaxing^{1, 2, 3
,},
GUO Huayang^{2, 3},
ZHU Kecheng^{2, 3},
LIU Baosuo^{2, 3},
ZHANG Nan^{2, 3},
XIAN Lin^{2, 3},
ZHANG Dianchang^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
College of Fisheries, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
2.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
3.
Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou 510300, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究半胱氨酸对低鱼粉引起的卵形鲳鲹 (Trachinotus ovatus) 幼鱼 [(10.05 ± 0.05) g] 代谢紊乱的影响，采用动植物蛋白 (鸡粉、大豆浓缩蛋白、发酵豆粕等) 部分替代鱼粉制作卵形鲳鲹基础饮食，分别添加0 (C0组，对照组)、0.30% (C1组)、0.60% (C2组)、0.90% (C3组) 和1.20% (C4组) 半胱氨酸制成5种等氮等脂饲料。56 d的饲养实验结果显示：1) 半胱氨酸通过激活S6K/PI3K/TOR/4E-BP1通路，提高卵形鲳鲹蛋白质合成代谢能力。补充0.6%~0.9%半胱氨酸通过上调肌肉核糖体蛋白S6激酶 (S6K)、雷帕霉素靶蛋白 (TOR)、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶 (PI3K)和4E结合蛋白1 (4E-BP1) 基因的mRNA水平，增加肌肉和血清总蛋白 (Total protein, TP) 含量与肌肉粗蛋白含量，降低血氨 (Serum ammonia, SA) 、肌肉和肝脏尿素氮 (Urea nitrogen, UN) 含量，促进肌肉蛋白质沉积。2) 补充0.6%~0.9%半胱氨酸通过下调肌肉中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ (PPARγ) 基因的mRNA水平，降低乙酰辅酶A羧化酶 (ACC)、脂肪酸合成酶 (FAS) 基因的mRNA水平与酶活水平，抑制脂肪合成代谢；同时，上调肌肉中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α (PPARα) 基因的表达水平，使激素敏感性脂肪酶 (HSL) 和肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶1 (CPT1) 基因高表达并伴随酶活提高，进而促进肌肉中脂肪酸β氧化反应，减少蛋白质因分解供能所带来的消耗，促进肌肉中蛋白质沉积。
- 卵形鲳鲹 /
- 半胱氨酸 /
- 脂代谢 /
- 蛋白质代谢 /
- 鱼粉替代
Abstract: To investigate the effect of cysteine on the metabolic disorders of juvenile Trachinotus ovatus (10.05 ± 0.05) g caused by low fishmeal, we prepared a basal pomfret diet by using plant and animal proteins (Chicken meal, soybean protein concentrate, fermented soybean meal, etc.) as partial substitutes for fishmeal, and then added 0 (Group C0, control group), 0.30% (Group C1), 0.60% (Group C2), 0.90% (Group C3) and 1.20% (Group C4) cysteine to make five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets. The results of a 56-day feeding trial show that: 1) Cysteine enhanced protein anabolism in T. ovatus by activating the S6K/PI3K/TOR/4E-BP1 pathway. Supplementation with 0.6%−0.9% cysteine up-regulated the mRNA levels of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), target of rapamycin (TOR), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in muscle, increased total protein (TP) in muscle and serum as well as muscle crude protein content, reduced serum ammonia (SA) and urea nitrogen (UN) in muscle and liver, promoting protein deposition in muscle. 2) Supplementation with 0.6%−0.9% cysteine inhibited lipid anabolism by down-regulating the expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARγ) in muscle, decreasing the transcript level and enzyme activity level of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS), while it up-regulated the expression level of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors-alpha (PPARα) in muscle, resulting in high hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) expression with increased enzyme activity, which in turn promoted β-oxidation of fatty acids in muscle, reducing protein consumption due to catabolism for energy supply. Thus, protein deposition in muscle is promoted.
- Trachinotus ovatus /
- Cysteine /
- Lipid metabolism /
- Protein metabolism /
- Fishmeal replacement

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图 1 半胱氨酸对卵形鲳鲹肌肉、肝脏和血清中蛋白质代谢参数的影响

Figure 1. Effects of cysteine on protein metabolism parameters in muscle, liver and serum of T. ovatus

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图 2 半胱氨酸对卵形鲳鲹肌肉、肝脏和血清脂代谢参数的影响

Figure 2. Effects of cysteine on lipid metabolism parameters in muscle, liver and serum of T. ovatus

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图 3 半胱氨酸对卵形鲳鲹肌肉、肝脏和血清脂代谢酶活的影响

Figure 3. Effect of cysteine on lipid metabolism enzyme activity in muscle, liver and serum of T. ovatus

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图 4 半胱氨酸对卵形鲳鲹肌肉脂肪合成代谢 (a) 与分解代谢 (b) 相关基因相对表达水平的影响

Figure 4. Effect of cysteine on relative expression levels of genes related to lipid synthesis (a) and catabolism (b) in T. ovatus muscle

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图 5 半胱氨酸对卵形鲳鲹肌肉蛋白质合成代谢相关基因相对表达水平的影响

Figure 5. Effect of cysteine on relative expression levels of genes related to protein anabolism in T. ovatus muscle

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表 1 实验日粮配方和营养水平 (以干物质百分比为基础)

Table 1. Formulation and nutrition level of the experimental diets (Dry matter basis) %

参数Parameter	半胱氨酸添加量 Added amount of cysteine
参数Parameter	C0 (0)	C1 (0.3%)	C2 (0.6%)	C3 (0.9%)	C4 (1.2%)
鱼粉 Fishmeal^a	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00
鸡肉粉 Chicken meal^a	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
大豆浓缩蛋白 Soy protein concentrate^a	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
鱿鱼膏 Squid paste	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
豆粕 Soybean meal^a	12.00	12.00	12.00	12.00	12.00
发酵豆粕 Fermented soybean meal^a	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal^a	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00
高筋面粉 High gluten flour^a	18.37	18.07	17.77	17.47	17.17
鱼油 Fish oil^a	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00
豆油 Soybean oil^a	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
磷酸二氢钙 Ca(H₂PO₄)₂^a	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
氯化胆碱 Choline chloride^a	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
维生素预混 Vitamin mix ^a,b	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
矿物质预混 Mineral mix ^a,c	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-lysine monohydrochloride^a	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Methionine^a	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
苏氨酸 Threonine^a	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
乙氧喹 Ethoxyquin^a	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
半胱氨酸 Cysteine^a	0.00	0.30	0.60	0.90	1.20
营养水平 Nutrition level^c
粗蛋白 Crude Protein (%, dry matter)	42.79	42.74	42.69	42.63	42.58
粗脂肪 Crude Lipid (%, dry matter)	13.42	13.40	13.38	13.37	13.35
水分 Moisture (%, dry matter)	10.15	10.76	11.24	10.98	11.32
灰分 Ash (%, dry matter)	8.53	8.65	8.33	8.71	8.39
半胱氨酸 Cysteine	0.52	0.82	1.13	1.45	1.84
注：a. 维生素预混料提供以下 (每千克)：维生素 A 8×10⁶ IU，维生素 D₃ 2×10⁶ IU，维生素 E 40 000 mg，维生素 B 17 000 mg，维生素 B₆ 12 000 mg，维生素 B₁₂ 100 mg，维生素 K₃ 10 000 mg，D-泛酸 35 000 mg，叶酸 1 000 mg，烟酰胺 90 000 mg，生物素 200 mg，肌醇 80 000 mg. b. 矿物混合物提供以下 (每千克)：铁 10 000 mg，铜 1 200 mg，锌 7 000 mg，锰 5 500 mg，钴 250 mg，碘 250 mg，硒 50 mg，钾 60 000 mg，钠 24 000 mg，镁 60 000 mg；c. 营养水平为实测值。 Note: a. Vitamin mix provides the following (Per kilogram content): vitamin A 8×10⁶ IU, vitamin D₃ 2×10⁶ IU, vitamin E 40 000 mg, vitamin B 17 000 mg, vitamin B₆ 12 000 mg, vitamin B₁₂ 100 mg, vitamin K₃ 10 000 mg, D-pantothenic acid 35 000 mg, folic acid 1 000 mg, nicotinamide 90 000 mg, Biotin 200 mg, inositol 80 000 mg. b. Mineral provides the following (Per kilogram content): Fe 10 000 mg, Cu 1 200 mg, Zn 7 000 mg, Mn 5 500 mg, Co 250 mg, I2 250 mg, Se 50 mg, K 60 000 mg, Na 24 000 mg, Mg 60 000 mg; c. Nutrition level is measured.

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表 2 每100 g实验日粮的氨基酸组成

Table 2. Amino acid composition of per 100 g 　　　　　　　　　experimental diets 　　　　　　　g

氨基酸 Amino acid	半胱氨酸添加量 Added amount of cysteine
氨基酸 Amino acid	C0 (0)	C1 (0.3%)	C2 (0.6%)	C3 (0.9%)	C4 (1.2%)
天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid	4.35	4.39	4.24	4.31	4.45
苏氨酸 Threonine	1.90	2.02	2.11	1.91	2.02
丝氨酸 Serine	2.04	2.05	2.04	2.12	2.05
谷氨酸 Glutamic acid	8.41	8.66	8.69	8.36	8.62
甘氨酸 Glycine	3.04	3.10	3.02	2.98	3.08
丙氨酸 Alanine	3.06	3.09	3.06	2.95	3.07
脯氨酸 Proline	3.21	3.13	3.04	3.16	3.13
缬氨酸 Valine	2.13	2.11	2.07	2.12	2.11
蛋氨酸 Methionine	1.18	1.15	1.12	1.31	1.12
异亮氨酸 Isoleucine	1.77	1.84	1.84	1.82	1.80
亮氨酸 Leucine	4.42	4.50	4.42	4.41	4.39
酪氨酸 Tyrosine	1.27	1.30	1.31	1.29	1.22
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine	2.24	2.32	2.25	2.37	2.25
赖氨酸 Lysine	3.54	3.43	3.50	3.54	3.50
组氨酸 Histidine	1.11	1.13	1.12	1.07	1.15
精氨酸 Arginine	3.15	3.10	3.14	3.15	3.11
半胱氨酸 Cysteine	0.52	0.82	1.13	1.45	1.84

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表 3 qPCR引物序列

Table 3. qPCR primer sequences

引物Primer	引物序列 (5'—3')Primer sequence (5'–3')	来源Source
FAS-F	GATGGATACAAAGAGCAAGG	[19]
FAS-R	GTGGAGCCGATAAGAAGA	[19]
PPARγ-F	TCAGGGTTTCACTATGGCGT	[19]
PPARγ-R	CTGGAAGCGACAGTATTGGC	[19]
ACC-F	GTTGTCAATCCCAGCCGATC	[19]
ACC-R	ATCCACAATGTAGGCCCCAA	[19]
PPARα-F	AATCTCAGCGTGTCGTCTT	[19]
PPARα-R	GGAAATGCTTCGGATACTTG	[19]
CPT1-F	CTTTAGCCAAGCCCTTCATC	[19]
CPT1-R	CACGGTTACCTGTTCCCTCT	[19]
HSL-F	TCATACCTCCACACCAACCC	[19]
HSL-R	GTCTCGCAGTTTCTTGGCAA	[19]
PI3K-F	AACGGCAAGAGCAAGAAGGGC	[20]
PI3K-R	CTATGGGCAGGCAGAGGAGGG	[20]
4E-BP1-F	ACACCCCAGCAGGAACTTT	[19]
4E-BP1-R	GTGACCATCAACGACGCAG	[19]
TOR-F	GGGTCTTATGAGCCAGTGCCAGG	[19]
TOR-R	CTTCAGGGTTGTCAGCGGATTGT	[19]
S6K-F	GCTGGCTGGCTTTACTCCATTTG	[20]
S6K-R	CCTGCCTAGCAGTCAGTCTCTGA	[20]
EF-1α-F	AAGCCAGGTATGGTTGTCAACTTT	[21]
EF-1α-R	CGTGGTGCATCTCCACAGACT	[21]

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表 4 每100 g全鱼常规营养组成

Table 4. Per 100 g whole fish conventional nutritional composition g

成分 Component	半胱氨酸添加量 Added amount of cysteine
成分 Component	C0 (0)	C1 (0.3%)	C2 (0.6%)	C3 (0.9%)	C4 (1.2%)
粗蛋白 Crude protein	15.27±0.32^a	16.40±0.41^ab	17.80±0.50^bc	18.13±0.81^c	16.83±0.58^bc
粗脂肪 Crude lipid	6.77±0.35	7.13±0.21	6.60±0.30	6.63±0.15	6.43±0.35
水分 Moisture	69.10±0.26^a	71.23±0.15^b	71.33±0.98^bc	71.30±0.87^bc	72.93±0.42^c
灰分 Ash	3.07±0.06	3.10±0.10	3.13±0.06	3.07±0.06	3.07±0.06
注：同行数据不同字母上标表示差异显著 (P<0.05)。 Note: Values with different superscript letters within the same line are significantly different (P<0.05).

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