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广西北部湾沿海市售贝类脂溶性毒素污染分析及食用风险评价

江姗姗 张晨晓

江姗姗, 张晨晓. 广西北部湾沿海市售贝类脂溶性毒素污染分析及食用风险评价[J]. 南方水产科学, 2023, 19(4): 158-167. doi: 10.12131/20230024
引用本文: 江姗姗, 张晨晓. 广西北部湾沿海市售贝类脂溶性毒素污染分析及食用风险评价[J]. 南方水产科学, 2023, 19(4): 158-167. doi: 10.12131/20230024
JIANG Shanshan, ZHANG Chenxiao. Pollution analysis and dietary exposure risk assessment of lipophilic toxins in shellfish from Beibu Gulf seafood market in Guangxi Province[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2023, 19(4): 158-167. doi: 10.12131/20230024
Citation: JIANG Shanshan, ZHANG Chenxiao. Pollution analysis and dietary exposure risk assessment of lipophilic toxins in shellfish from Beibu Gulf seafood market in Guangxi Province[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2023, 19(4): 158-167. doi: 10.12131/20230024

广西北部湾沿海市售贝类脂溶性毒素污染分析及食用风险评价

doi: 10.12131/20230024
基金项目: 广西重点研发计划项目 (桂科AB19110020)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    江姗姗 (1995—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为海洋贝类毒素。E-mail: jss15056254097@163.com

    通讯作者:

    张晨晓 (1975—),女,教授,博士,研究方向为海产品加工与质量安全。E-mail: zhangcx@bbgu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TS 254.2

Pollution analysis and dietary exposure risk assessment of lipophilic toxins in shellfish from Beibu Gulf seafood market in Guangxi Province

  • 摘要: 脂溶性贝类毒素分布广泛,可通过食物链传递,对消费者健康构成巨大威胁。广西北部湾海域是我国重要的海水养殖区,其贝类产量占比超过一半。为评估广西北部湾沿海居民因摄食贝类而引起的脂溶性贝类毒素摄入风险,并为建立毒素限量标准提供科学依据,采用液相色谱串联质谱法 (LC-MS/MS) 分析脂溶性贝类毒素含量,24 h 膳食回顾法调查居民连续7 d的海产品进食情况,应用海洋生物毒素点评估方法,计算膳食中每日毒素摄入量 (Estimated daily intake, ESI),对照欧洲食品安全局推荐的急性参考剂量 (Acute reference dose, ARfD) 值,评价其食用安全性。结果显示:检出的4种毒素含量均低于欧盟规定的安全限量值。检出率由高到低依次为环亚胺类毒素 (Gymnodimine, GYM)(83.02%)、大田软海绵酸 (Okadaic acid, OA)(51.16%)、鳍藻毒素 (Dinophysis toxin, DTX-2)(40.91%) 和虾夷扇贝毒素 (Homo-yessotoxin, Homo-YTX)(8.6%),检出的最高质量分数分别为105.4、31.39、38.19和159.66 μg·kg−1;毒素含量存在季节和物种差异,牡蛎秋季GYM含量最高,冬季OA含量最高。DTX-2更易在秋冬季样品中检出,Homo-YTX仅在夏秋季扇贝和贻贝样品中检出。膳食调查结果显示当地居民贝肉日平均消费量为45 g·d−1。以当地居民贝肉食用量和人体质量估算,OA组毒素ESI值为0.26 μg·(kg·d)−1,小于欧盟规定的ARfD值 [0.3 μg·(kg·d)−1]。但若以欧盟提供的贝肉食用量和人体质量数据估算,ESI值 [0.34 μg·(kg·d)−1] 则高于ARfD值。研究表明,虽然广西北部湾沿海市售贝类产品中脂溶性贝类毒素检出值低于欧盟规定的安全限量值,但当地居民存在OA组毒素膳食暴露风险。
  • 图  1  贝类样品中脂溶性贝类毒素质量分数

    Figure  1.  Mass fractions of lipophilic shellfish toxins in different shellfish samples

    图  2  不同季节脂溶性贝类毒素质量分数

    注:同一图中标有不同字母表示有显著性差异 (P<0.05)。

    Figure  2.  Mass fractions of lipophilic shellfish toxins in shellfish in four seasons

    Note: Different letters within the same figure indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

    图  3  广西北部湾沿海居民海产品摄入种类分布

    Figure  3.  Distribution of seafood species intook by residents in Beibu Gulf in Gangxi Province

    图  4  广西北部湾沿海居民贝肉日均消费量

    Figure  4.  Mean daily shellfish meat consumption of residents in Beibu Gulf in Guangxi Province

    表  1  9 种脂溶性贝类毒素检测参数

    Table  1.   Detection parameters of nine lipophilic shellfish toxins

    毒素
    Toxin
    电离模式
    ESI mode
    母离子
    Precursor ion/(m/z)
    子离子
    Product ion/(m/z)
    碰撞电压
    Collision energy/eV
    大田软海绵酸
    OA
    [M+H] 803.4 255, 563.2 −65, −55
    鳍藻毒素1
    DTX-1
    [M+H] 817.5 255.1, 113.1 −65, −100
    鳍藻毒素2
    DTX-2
    [M+H] 803.5 255.1, 563.2 −65, −55
    虾夷扇贝毒素
    YTX
    [M+H] 1 141.5 1 061.5, 855.5 −65, −50
    Homo-虾夷扇贝毒素
    Homo-YTX
    [M+H] 1 155.5 1 075.5, 869.5 −65, −50
    环亚胺毒素
    GYM
    [M+H]+ 508.3 174.3, 490.3 50, 35
    螺环内酯毒素
    SPX1
    [M+H]+ 692.5 444.4, 674.4 45, 45
    原多甲藻酸1
    AZA1
    [M+H]+ 842.5 806.5, 824.5 40, 50
    原多甲藻酸3
    AZA3
    [M+H]+ 828.5 810.4, 792.5 40, 50
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  贝中脂溶性贝类毒素检出率及含量

    Table  2.   Detection rates and contents of lipophilic shellfish toxins in shellfish samples

    脂溶性贝类毒素
    Lipophilic shellfish
    toxin
    检出值范围
    Detection range/
    (μg·kg−1)
    平均检出值
    Mean/
    (μg·kg−1)
    检出率
    Detection
    rate/%
    环亚胺毒素
    GYM
    0.12~105.54 33.1 83.02
    螺环内酯毒素
    SPX1
    ND ND ND
    大田软海绵酸
    OA
    0.34~31.39 7.97 51.16
    鳍藻毒素1
    DTX-1
    ND ND ND
    鳍藻毒素2
    DTX-2
    0.29~38.19 7.65 40.91
    原多甲藻酸1
    AZA1
    ND ND ND
    原多甲藻酸3
    AZA3
    ND ND ND
    虾夷扇贝毒素
    YTX
    ND ND ND
    Homo-虾夷扇贝毒素
    Homo-YTX
    3.83~159.66 47.97 8.60
    注:ND表示未检出。 Note: ND. Not detected.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  脂溶性贝类毒素的毒性等效因子与急性参考值

    Table  3.   Toxic equivalent factors and ARfD of some shellfish toxins

    毒素组
    Toxin group
    毒素
    Toxin
    毒性等效因子
    Toxion equivalence factor
    急性参考剂量
    ARfD/[μg·(kg·d)−1]
    参考文献
    Reference
    大田软海绵酸
    OA
    大田软海绵酸
    TOA
    1 0.3 [6, 25]
    鳍藻毒素1
    TDTX-1
    1
    鳍藻毒素2
    TDTX-2
    0.6
    虾夷扇贝毒素
    YTXs
    Homo-虾夷扇贝毒素
    THomo-YTX
    1 25 [9, 25]
    45-OH-虾夷扇贝毒素
    T45-OH-YTX
    1
    45-OH-Homo虾夷扇贝毒素
    T45-OH-Homo-YTX
    0.5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  广西北部湾沿海居民脂溶性贝类毒素急性暴露评估

    Table  4.   Acute dietary exposure to some shellfish toxins of residents in Beibu Gulf in Guangxi Province

    毒素
    Toxin
    贝肉日P99消费量
    P99 daily shellfish
    consumption/g
    毒素检出的最大值
    Maximum toxin detection
    value/(μg·kg−1)
    每日摄入量
    ESI/[μg·(kg·d)−1]
    急性参考剂量
    ARfD/[μg·(kg·d)−1]
    第一组
    First group
    第二组
    Second group
    大田软海绵酸
    OA
    205 31.39 0.26 0.34 0.3
    38.19
    虾夷扇贝毒素
    YTX
    159.66 0.60 1.06 25
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  广西北部湾沿海居民脂溶性贝类毒素慢性暴露评估

    Table  5.   Chronic dietary exposure to some shellfish toxins of residents in Beibu Gulf in Guangxi Province

    毒素
    Toxin
    贝肉日均消费
    Daily shellfish
    consumption/g
    毒素检出的均值
    Mean toxin detection
    value/(μg·kg−1)
    贝肉日P99消费量
    P99 daily shellfish
    consumption/g
    每日摄入量
    ESI/[μg·(kg·d)−1]
    第一组
    First group
    第二组
    Second group
    大田软海绵酸
    OA
    45 7.97 205 6.58×10−3 0.03
    鳍藻毒素2
    DTX-2
    7.65 3.79×10−3 0.017
    Homo-虾夷扇贝毒素
    Homo-YTX
    47.97 0.04 0.18
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-02-17
  • 修回日期:  2023-02-24
  • 录用日期:  2023-03-02
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-03-06
  • 刊出日期:  2023-08-05

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