春砂仁精油对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长、消化、抗氧化能力和血清生化指标的影响

李成辉; 董宏标; 郑晓婷; 桂福坤; 曾祥兵; 明俊超; 陈飞; 陈健; 张家松

doi:10.12131/20230022

春砂仁精油对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长、消化、抗氧化能力和血清生化指标的影响

doi: 10.12131/20230022

李成辉^{1, 2,},
董宏标^{2, 3},
郑晓婷^{2, 3},
桂福坤¹,
曾祥兵^{2, 4},
明俊超²,
陈飞⁴,
陈健⁵,
张家松^{2, 3, ,}

1.
浙江海洋大学/国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心，浙江舟山 316000
2.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室，广东广州 510300
3.
海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室，海南陵水 572426
4.
广东南湾水产有限公司，广东阳江 529500
5.
阳江市水产技术推广站，广东阳江 529500

基金项目: 广东省重点领域研发计划项目 (2021B0202030001)；广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目 (2022KJ150)；海南省科技专项资金资助 (ZDYF2022XDNY349)；中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助 (2021XD19)；中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助 (2019XT0403, 2021XT06)；广东省驻镇帮镇扶村科技特派员项目 (KTP20210259)

详细信息

作者简介:
李成辉 (1998—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为鱼类生理生态学。E-mail: 1464103360@qq.com

通讯作者:
张家松 (1971—)，男，研究员，博士，研究方向为设施渔业养殖技术。E-mail: jiasongzhang@hotmail.com

中图分类号: S 963.73⁺9
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- 文章访问数: 32
- HTML全文浏览量: 8
- PDF下载量: 7
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-16
- 修回日期: 2023-06-29
- 录用日期: 2023-08-02
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-05

Effects of Amomum villosum essential oil on growth, digestion, intestinal antioxidant capacity and serum biochemical indexes of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

LI Chenghui^{1, 2
,},
DONG Hongbiao^{2, 3},
ZHENG Xiaoting^{2, 3},
GUI Fukun¹,
ZENG Xiangbin^{2, 4},
MING Junchao²,
CHEN Fei⁴,
CHEN Jian⁵,
ZHANG Jiasong^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
2.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Deep-Sea Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Lingshui 572426, China
4.
Guangdong Nanwan Aquaculture Co., Ltd., Yangjiang 529500, China
5.
Yangjiang Fisheries Technical Extension Station, Yangjiang 529500, China

摘要

摘要: 为评估春砂仁 (Amomum villosum) 精油在尼罗罗非鱼 (Oreochromis niloticus) 养殖中促消化和保护肠道等功效，采用拌喂0 (对照组)、2 g·kg⁻¹ (低剂量组)、4 g·kg⁻¹ (中剂量组) 和8 g·kg⁻¹ (高剂量组) 的春砂仁精油饲养罗非鱼幼鱼 [(20.34±2.08) g] 连续8周。结果显示，随着精油添加剂量的增加，1) 各实验组终末体质量、终末体长、体质量增长率和特定生长率呈先升后降的趋势，饵料系数呈先降后升的趋势，其中低剂量组的各项生长指标均优于其他组 (P<0.05)。2) 各实验组胃蛋白酶 (Pep)、胃淀粉酶 (G-AMS)、肠淀粉酶 (I-AMS) 和肠脂肪酶 (LPS) 活性呈先升后降的趋势，低剂量组的各项消化酶活性均显著高于其他组 (P<0.05)。3) 各实验组罗非鱼幼鱼肠道中总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性、谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 和丙二醛 (MDA) 浓度均呈先升后降的趋势，低剂量组升高显著 (P<0.05)。4) 各实验组罗非鱼幼鱼血清中总蛋白 (TP)、球蛋白 (GLOB)、总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-CH)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-CH) 浓度，碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 和丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT) 活性均呈先降后升的趋势，其中低剂量组TP、GLOB、TC、LDL-CH和HDL-CH显著低于其他组 (P<0.05)。综上，在该实验条件下拌喂2 g·kg⁻¹春砂仁精油能够显著增强罗非鱼幼鱼的消化和肠道抗氧化能力，提高脂质代谢水平，改善血清肝功能指标，进而提高其生长性能。
- 罗非鱼 /
- 春砂仁精油 /
- 生长性能 /
- 肠道健康 /
- 抗氧化
Abstract: To evaluate the gastrointestinal effects of Amomum villosum essential oil on promoting digestion and protecting intestine tract in breeding of Oreochromis niloticus, we fed the juveniles [(20.34±2.08) g] with basic diets of 0 (Control group), 2 (Low-dose group), 4 (Medium-dose group) and 8 g·kg⁻¹ (High-dose group) of A. villosum essential oil for 8 weeks. The results show that with the increase of essential oil concentration: 1) The final body mass, final body length, weight gain rate and specific growth rate increased first and then decreased, but the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased first and then increased. The growth indexes of the low dose group were better than those of the other groups (P<0.05). 2) The activities of pepsin, gastric amylase, intestinal amylase and intestinal lipase in each group increased first and then decreased, and the activities of digestive enzymes increased significantly in the low dose group (P<0.05). 3) The activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the intestine increased first and then decreased, and the difference in the low-dose group was significant (P<0.05). 4) In serum, the concentrations of total protein (TP), globulin (GLOB), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH), as well as activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) decreased first and then increased. The concentrations of TP, GLOB, TC, LDL-CH and HDL-CH in the low-dose group decreased significantly (P<0.05). To sum up, adding 2 g·kg⁻¹ A. villosum essential oil into the basic diet can improve the digestive capacity, intestinal antioxidant capacity and serum biochemical indexes of juvenile tilapia and promote their growth performance.
- Tilapia /
- Essential oil of Amomum villosum /
- Growth performance /
- Intestinal health /
- Antioxidant

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图 1 春砂仁精油对罗非鱼幼鱼消化酶的影响

注：字母不同表示同一时间各实验组之间存在显著性差异 (P<0.05)。后图同此。

Figure 1. Effects of A. villosum essential oil on digestive enzymes of juvenile tilapia

Note: Values with different letters indicate significant differences at the same time (P<0.05). The same case in the following figure.

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图 2 春砂仁精油对罗非鱼幼鱼肠道抗氧化指标的影响

Figure 2. Effects of A. villosum essential oil on intestinal antioxidant capacity of juvenile tilapia

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表 1 春砂仁精油化学成分

Table 1. Main chemical composition in essential oil of A. villosum

序号 No.	成分　　 Compound	相对含量 Relative content/%
1	β-蒎烯 β-Pinene	44.670
2	α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	29.160
3	桧烯 Sabinene	14.430
4	柠檬烯 Cinene	1.974
5	4-松油醇 4-Terpineol	1.179
6	对-伞花烃 4-Cymene	1.012
7	β-月桂烯 β-Myrcene	1.010
8	β-水芹烯 β-Phellandrene	0.677
9	γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	0.606
10	桉叶油醇 Cineol	0.330
11	桃金娘醛 Myrtenal	0.327
12	二氢依杜兰 Edulan	0.250
13	莰烯 Camphene	0.214
14	松莰酮 Pinocamphone	0.214
15	石竹烯 Caryophyllene	0.214
16	异香芹酮 Isocarvone	0.195
17	α-松油烯 α-Terpinene	0.191
18	α-异松油烯 Isoterpinolene	0.189
19	松香芹酮 Pmocatvcme	0.175
20	桃金娘烯醇 Myrtenol	0.156
21	β-罗勒烯 β-Ocimene	0.130
22	α-葑烯 α-Fenchene	0.081
23	β-榄香烯 β-Elemene	0.079
24	α-葎草烯 α-Caryophyllene	0.077
25	对伞花炔-8-醇 Para-cymene-8-ol	0.041
总含量 Total content/%		97.581

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表 2 春砂仁精油对罗非鱼幼鱼生长的影响

Table 2. Effect of A. villosum essential oil on growth performance of tilapia

项目 Item	对照组 Control group/ (0 g·kg⁻¹)	低剂量组 Low-dose group/ (2 g·kg⁻¹)	中剂量组 Medium-dose group/ (4 g·kg⁻¹)	高剂量组 High-dose group/ (8 g·kg⁻¹)
初始体质量 Initial body mass/g	20.18±1.83	20.31±2.11	20.39±2.09	20.49±2.39
终末体质量 Final body mass/g	186.7±6.50^a	208.20±10.50^b	194.60±7.40^ab	190.00±2.50^a
终末体长 Final body length/cm	17.20±0.10^a	17.90±0.20^b	17.50±0.30^ab	17.50±0.40^ab
体质量增长率 SGR/%	833.70±32.70^a	941.20±52.30^b	873.00±37.20^ab	849.80±12.50^a
摄食率 FR/(%·d⁻¹)	4.12±0.15	3.91±0.13	4.01±0.31	4.05±0.08
特定生长率 SGR/%	3.12±0.10^a	3.31±0.08^b	3.20±0.05^ab	3.12±0.02^a
肥满度 CF/%	3.61±0.08	3.64±0.11	3.66±0.08	3.67±0.16
饵料系数 FCR	1.41±0.05^b	1.25±0.04^a	1.32±0.22^ab	1.40±0.07^b
注：表中数据为4个重复的平均值；同行不同上标字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05)。后表同此。 Note: Data are means of four replicates for each group. Different letters within the same line indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The same case in the following tables.

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表 3 春砂仁精油对罗非鱼幼鱼血清肝功能指标影响

Table 3. Effects of A. villosum essential oil on liver function index in serum of juvenile tilapia

项目 Item	对照组 Control group/ (0 g·kg⁻¹)	低剂量组 Low-dose group/ (2 g·kg⁻¹)	中剂量组 Medium-dose group/ (4 g·kg⁻¹)	高剂量组 High-dose group/ (8 g·kg⁻¹)
总蛋白 TP/(g·L⁻¹)	36.93±2.12^a	29.98±3.03^b	33.63±2.47^ab	35.58±4.48^a
球蛋白 GLOB/(g·L⁻¹)	28.23±0.97^a	22.68±1.73^b	25.00±1.09^ab	27.13±3.62^a
碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(U·L⁻¹)	25.00±7.53	18.67±9.87	24.67±4.93	23.50±5.32
丙氨酸氨基转移酶 ALT/(U·L⁻¹)	17.33±5.51	13.33±3.21	15.00±0.00	16.00±1.73
天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶 AST/(U·L⁻¹)	40.33±10.60	46.33±21.20	31.33±8.96	47.33±4.51

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表 4 春砂仁精油对罗非鱼幼鱼血清脂质代谢指标影响

Table 4. Effects of A. villosum essential oil on lipid metabolism index in serum of juvenile tilapia

项目 Item	对照组 Control group/ (0 g·kg⁻¹)	低剂量组 Low-dose group/ (2 g·kg⁻¹)	中剂量组 Medium-dose group/ (4 g·kg⁻¹)	高剂量组 High-dose group/ (8 g·kg⁻¹)
甘油三酯 TG/(mmol·L⁻¹)	0.87±0.21	0.67±0.24	0.81±0.22	0.66±0.10
总固醇 TC/(mmol·L⁻¹)	4.16±0.69^a	3.08±0.50^b	4.60±0.15^a	4.67±0.75^a
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-CH/(mmol·L⁻¹)	1.83±0.13^b	1.58±0.20^b	1.98±0.23^ab	2.06±0.45^a
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-CH/(mmol·L⁻¹)	1.93±0.52^a	1.19±0.34^b	2.26±0.21^a	2.13±0.12^a

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