Spatial heterogeneity of relationship between distribution of Uroteuthis chinensis and marine environment in offshore waters of northern South China Sea
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摘要: 头足类是最具开发潜力的渔业种群之一，然而其资源易受环境变化影响，复杂的交互作用致使二者空间关系呈现非均一性。中国枪乌贼 (Uroteuthis chinensis) 是南海北部近海重要的经济物种，且在渔业群落结构中占据优势种地位，故正确理解与掌握该物种资源-环境关系的空间特征，有助于该资源的保护与利用。基于南海北部近海2014年夏季的渔业资源调查数据，构建了地理权重回归模型 (Geographical weighted regression, GWR)，探索该海域中国枪乌贼的资源分布与海洋环境关系的空间特征，阐述主要影响因子。模型评价指标结果表明，GWR的最小赤池信息准则 (Akaike Information Criterion, AIC) 和校正决定系数 (Adjusted R-Squared,
$R_{\rm{adj}}^2 $ ) 分别为224.81和0.46，均优于传统的全局线性回归模型，因此前者能更真实地反映中国枪乌贼资源-环境关系的空间异质性。整个海域，叶绿素a对资源的影响为正负效应共存，而其余环境变量与资源均为正效应关系。资源分布在广东近海主要受海表盐度、海表温度和叶绿素a影响，后两者分别为粤西和珠江口—粤东海域的首要影响因子，而北部湾则仅受水深的影响显著。在主导环境因子影响下，中国枪乌贼资源密度区域分化特征明显，尤其是珠江口—粤东海域与其他海域差异显著。地理权重回归模型可为探索和理解复杂头足类资源与环境关系的局部特征提供有效手段。Abstract: Cephalopods are one of the most potienial fishery species but are vulnerable to environment changes, and their complex interactions lead to the spatial heterogeneity in resource-environment relationship. Uroteuthis chinensis is an important economic species in the offshore waters of northern South China Sea, occuping a dominant position in the fishery community structure. Therefore, understanding the spatial characteristics of the resource-environment relationship is beneficial to its development, utilization and protection. Based on the fishery resources survey data in the offshore waters of northern South China Sea in summer of 2014, we established a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to explore the spatial characteristics of the relationship between the resource distribution of U. chinensis and the marine environment in this area, and to reveal the main influencing factors. The results of model evaluation indexes show that the minimum Akaike information criterion (AIC) and adjusted R-Square ($R_{\rm{adj}}^2 $ ) for GWR model were 224.81 and 0.46, respectively, both of which were better than those of the traditional global linear regression model. Thus, the GWR model can more truly reflect the spatial heterogeneity on resource-environment relationship for U. chinensis. The impact of chlorophyll a on resources was a coexistence of positive and negative effects in the whole sea, but the other environment variables had consistent positive effects on resources. The stock distribution in the coastal waters of Guangdong was mainly affected by sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a, and the latter two were the primary influencing factors in western Guangdong and Pearl River Estuary-Eastern Guangdong, respectively, but the Beibu Gulf was only significantly affected by water depth. Under the impact of dominant environmental factors, U. chinensis stock denstiy showed obvious regional differentiation characteristics, especially those in the Pearl River Estuary-Eastern Guangdong significantly different from the other areas. In conclusion, GWR model provides an effective means to explore and understand the local characteristics of cephalopod resource-environment relationship.-
Key words:
- Uroteuthis chinensis /
- Heterogeneity /
- Geographically weighted regression
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图 1 南海北部近海研究区域位置及站点分布
Figure 1. Location of survey area and stations in offshore waters of northern South China Sea
图 2 南海北部近海环境因子空间分布
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of environmental factors in offshore waters of northern South China Sea
图 3 环境变量的相关分析
注：*. P<0.05.
Figure 3. Correlation analysis among environment variables
Note: *. P<0.05.
图 4 不同变量组合的OLR模型结果
注：每一行代表一个最佳变量组合，其中选中的变量以蓝色格子标注，白色则为未选中的变量。
Figure 4. OLR model of different variable combinations
Note: Each row represents the best combination of variables. The selected variables and unselected variables were marked by the blue boxes and white boxes, respectively.
图 5 GWR模型的南海北部近海环境变量回归系数空间分布
注：图中“+”表示P<0.05。
Figure 5. Spatial distribution of regression coefficient for environmental variables in GWR model in offshore waters of northern South China Sea
Note: "+" in the figure indicates P<0.05.
图 6 南海北部近海中国枪乌贼的首要影响因子空间分布
Figure 6. Spatial distribution of primary influencing environment factor of U. chinensis in offshore waters of northern South China Sea
图 7 南海北部近海中国枪乌贼资源密度空间分布及其在3个区域的比较
注：A. 环北部湾；B. 粤西；C. 珠江口—粤东；*. P<0.05。
Figure 7. Spatial distribution of U. chinensis stock density and comparison among three regions in offshore waters of northern South China Sea
Note: A. Surrounding Beibu Gulf; B. Western Guangdong; C. Pearl River Estuary extending to eastern Guangdong; *. P<0.05.
表 1 全局回归模型OLR与地理权重回归模型GWR参数结果
Table 1. Results of parameters for ordinary linear regression (OLR) and geographical weighted regression (GWR) models
变量
Variable全局回归模型
OLR model地理权重回归模型 GWR model 最小值
Minimum下四分位值
Lower quartile中值
Median上四分位值
Upper quartile最大值
Maximum截距 Intercept 3.16 3.07 3.14 3.16 3.18 3.23 表温 tem_top −0.38 −0.46 −0.40 −0.28 −0.16 −0.06 表盐 sal_top 0.34 0.21 0.23 0.30 0.38 0.48 水深 Depth 0.33 0.07 0.21 0.59 0.85 1.04 叶绿素a Chl-a 0.41 −0.25 −0.09 0.02 0.39 0.52 
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