水草种植模式对全雄中华绒螯蟹成蟹养殖性能和经济效益的影响

张光宝; 姜晓东; 陈文彬; 周文全; 罗明; 吴旭干

doi:10.12131/20220260

水草种植模式对全雄中华绒螯蟹成蟹养殖性能和经济效益的影响

doi: 10.12131/20220260

1.
上海海洋大学/农业农村部淡水种质资源重点实验室/水产动物遗传育种上海市协同创新中心/水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心，上海 201306
2.
常州市金坛区水产技术推广中心，江苏常州 213200

基金项目: 上海市科委地方院校能力建设项目 (20050501600)；上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心项目 (2021科技02-12)；江苏金坛区农业农村局科技项目 (JTNL2019001)

详细信息

作者简介:
张光宝 (1997—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为中华绒螯蟹生态养殖。E-mail: zhanggb5214@163.com

通讯作者:
吴旭干 (1978—)，男，教授，博士，研究方向为甲壳动物营养生理和品质育种。E-mail: xgwu@shou.edu.cn

中图分类号: S 966.16
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-28
- 修回日期: 2022-11-01
- 录用日期: 2022-12-13
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-14
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-05

Effect of submerged macrophytes planting mode on performance and economic profit of all-male adult Eriocheir sinensis culture

1.
Shanghai Ocean University/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding/National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
Changzhou Jintan District Fisheries Technical Promotion Center, Changzhou 213200, China

摘要

摘要: 中华绒螯蟹 (Eriocheir sinensis) 雌雄分养是一种新型的成蟹养殖模式，伊乐藻 (Elodea nuttallii)、轮叶黑藻 (Hydrilla verticillata) 和苦草 (Vallisneria natans) 是成蟹池塘养殖过程中的常用水草。为探索全雄成蟹池塘养殖条件下适宜的水草种植模式，比较了4种常见水草种植模式 [单一伊乐藻、单一轮叶黑藻、伊乐藻∶轮叶黑藻 = 1∶1 (覆盖面积比)、伊乐藻∶轮叶黑藻∶苦草 = 1∶1∶1 (覆盖面积比)，分别记为Mode I—IV] 对中华绒螯蟹生长、性腺发育、养殖性能和经济效益的影响。结果表明：1) 4种水草种植模式对全雄成蟹养殖过程中的体质量无显著影响，但9—10月对4组蟹的体质量增长率和特定生长率有显著性差异，其中Mode I组最高，Mode II组最低 (P<0.05)；2) 4组蟹的生殖蜕壳率、性腺指数和肝胰腺指数均无显著性差异 (P>0.05)，8月底两种混合水草模式的蟹生殖蜕壳率略高于单一水草组，11月中旬Mode I组的肝胰腺指数和性腺指数均略高于其余组 (P>0.05)，分别约为7.8%和3.3%；3) 在最终成蟹规格分布上，Mode I组大规格雄蟹 (≥250.0 g) 比例最低 (P>0.05)，小规格雄蟹 (150.0~174.9 g和<150.0 g) 比例最高 (P<0.05)。4种水草种植模式下全雄中华绒螯蟹养殖成活率具有显著性差异 (P<0.05)，Mode II和Mode III组的成活率和产量相对较高，且饲料系数相对较低；4) 在经济效益上，Mode II和III组的饲料投入相对较多，Mode II和Mode IV组的水草投入略多，Mode II组的总收入、净利润和投资回报率最高，Mode IV组最低。综上所述，全雄中华绒螯蟹成蟹池塘养殖过程中，种植轮叶黑藻 (Mode II) 或伊乐藻与轮叶黑藻混合种植模式 (Mode III) 可以提高成蟹养殖性能和经济效益。
- 中华绒螯蟹 /
- 全雄养殖 /
- 水草种植模式 /
- 养殖性能 /
- 经济效益
Abstract: The mono-sex culture of adult Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is a new culture mode, and Elodea nuttallii, Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans are common submerged macrophytes in the adult E. sinensis aquaculture ponds. We investigated the effects of four planting modes (Mode I, single planting of E. nuttallii; Mode II, single planting of H. verticillata; Mode III, mixed planting of E. nuttallii and H. verticillata in equal proportions; Mode IV, mixed planting of E.nuttallii, H. verticillata and V. natans in equal proportions) on the growth, gonadal development, culture performance and profitability of all-male E. sinensis. The results show that: 1) There was no significant difference in the body mass among the four planting modes, but Mode I group had significantly higher weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) than the other groups from September to October, and Mode II had the lowest WGR and SGR (P<0.05). 2) Among the Mode I–IV, no significant difference was found in the puberty molting rate, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of adult male E. sinensis (P>0.05), and at the end of August, the puberty molting rate was slightly higher in mixed planting of E. nuttallii and H. verticilla than in the single submerged macrophyte group, while Mode I group had slightly higher HSI and GSI than the other groups at mid-November (P>0.05), reaching about 7.8% and 3.3%, respectively. 3) As for the size distribution of adult males, Mode I group had the lowest percentage of larger-sized males (≥250 g) and the highest percentage of smaller-sized males (150–174.9 g and <150 g). The survival rate of all-male adult E. sinensis was significantly correlated to the planting modes of submerged macrophytes (P<0.05), and Mode II and Mode III groups had higher survival rates and yields but lower feed conversion rates. 4) For the economic assessment, Mode II and Mode III groups had higher feed input, and Mode II and Mode IV groups had higher input of aquatic plant. Besides, the total return, net profit and return-on-investment (ROI) were highest in Mode II group but lowest in Mode IV group. In conclusion, planting H. verticillata (Mode II) or mixed planting of E. nuttallii and H. verticillata (Mode III) can improve the culture performance and economic profit of all-male adult E. sinensis.
- Eriocheir sinensis /
- All-male culture /
- Submerged macrophytes planting modes /
- Culture performance /
- Economic profit

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图 1 成蟹养殖池塘常用的水草种类和4种水草种植模式实验设计

Figure 1. Common submerged macrophytes in adult E. sinensis ponds and four experimental submerged macrophytes planting modes

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图 2 水草种植模式对全雄养殖中华绒螯蟹的体质量增长率和特定生长率的影响

注：同一图中标有不同字母代表有显著差异 (P<0.05)；下图同此。

Figure 2. Effects of submerged macrophytes planting modes on weight gain rate and specific growth rate of all-male E. sinensis culture

Note: Different letters within the same figure indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The same case in the following figures.

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图 3 水草种植模式对全雄养殖中华绒螯蟹生殖蜕壳率的影响

Figure 3. Effects of submerged macrophytes planting modes on puberty molting rate of all-male E. sinensis culture

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图 4 不同水草种植模式下全雄养殖成蟹的规格分布情况

Figure 4. Effects of submerged macrophytes planting modes on harvest sizes of all-male E. sinensis culture

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表 1 2021年中华绒螯蟹雄体的市场价格

Table 1. Market price of male adult E. sinensis in 2021

单只蟹体质量Individual body mass/g	价格 Price/(元·kg⁻¹)
≥300.0	300
275.0~299.9	240
250.0~274.9	200
225.0~249.9	165
200.0~224.9	135
175.0~199.9	105
150.0~174.9	80
<150.0	60

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表 2 4种水草种植模式下全雄养殖在成蟹阶段体质量变化情况

Table 2. Monthly variation of body mass of the all-male adult E. sinensis under four submerged macrophytes planting modes

日期Date	养殖时间Culturing time/d	体质量 Body mass/g
日期Date	养殖时间Culturing time/d	Mode I	Mode II	Mode III	Mode IV
05-20	0	40.63±0.85	40.45±0.83	41.87±0.92	42.20±0.52
06-20	30	77.99±6.98	80.83±1.02	78.39±6.78	81.09±3.25
07-20	60	113.58±14.00	124.84±10.02	115.05±11.37	123.51±4.34
08-20	90	125.50±9.30	148.48±15.07	140.05±21.01	155.23±9.82
09-20	120	172.58±16.92	200.33±10.15	191.41±11.23	213.85±26.80
10-20	150	198.99±7.52	216.73±13.13	211.74±17.60	229.71±20.36

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表 3 成蟹养殖池塘4种水草种植模式下中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺指数和性腺指数的变化情况

Table 3. Effects of submerged macrophytes planting modes on hepatosomatic index and gonadosomatic index of all-male E. sinensis culture

项目Item	日期Date	养殖时间Culturing time/d	水草种植模式 Submerged macrophytes planting mode
项目Item	日期Date	养殖时间Culturing time/d	Mode I	Mode II	Mode III	Mode IV
肝胰腺指数 HSI	09-15	115	7.45±0.70	8.10±0.60	7.30±1.11	6.93±0.42
	10-05	135	7.97±0.13	7.97±0.45	7.89±0.62	6.94±0.61
	10-25	155	7.71±0.11	7.86±0.63	6.68±0.44	7.13±0.35
	11-15	175	7.81±0.50	7.49±0.33	6.60±0.44	7.05±0.59
性腺指数 GSI	09-15	115	1.08±0.13	1.03±0.09	1.10±0.10	1.02±0.09
	10-05	135	1.47±0.11	1.62±0.15	1.44±0.13	1.31±0.02
	10-25	155	2.60±0.32	2.55±0.12	2.11±0.20	2.06±0.10
	11-15	175	3.26±0.40	3.22±0.26	2.55±0.23	2.97±0.13

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表 4 不同水草种植模式对全雄中华绒螯蟹在成蟹阶段养殖性能的影响

Table 4. Effects of submerged macrophytes planting modes on culture performance of all-male E. sinensis culture

项目Item	水草种植模式 Submerged macrophytes planting mode
项目Item	Mode I	Mode II	Mode III	Mode IV
平均体质量 Average body mass/g	202.44±9.41	226.26±17.13	223.41±17.31	229.91±7.37
成活率 Survival rate/%	35.21±4.35^ab	44.48±7.00^a	41.63±8.75^ab	23.51±1.83^b
产量 Yield/(g·m⁻²)	128.45±18.44	183.22±43.22	165.79±28.36	97.02±5.01
饲料系数 FCR	3.01±0.17	2.49±0.36	2.76±0.51	2.88±0.08
注：同行数据不同上标字母表示组间差异显著 (P<0.05)；表5同此。Note: The values with different superscript letters within the same row are significantly different (P<0.05); the same case in Table 5.

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表 5 不同水草种植模式对全雄成蟹养殖经济效益的影响

Table 5. Effects of submerged macrophytes planting modes on economic profits of all-male E. sinensis culture

项目Item	单价Price	Mode I/(10³元·hm⁻²)	Mode II/(10³元·hm⁻²)	Mode III/(10³元·hm⁻²)	Mode IV/(10³元·hm⁻²)
池塘租赁 Land rental	—	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.5
蟹种 Crab seed	40 元·kg⁻¹	30	30	30	30
饲料 Feed	7 000 元·t⁻¹	26.94±3.86^a	31.16±4.44^a	31.39±4.29^a	19.59±1.75^b
水草 Aquatic plant	—	4.69	6.56	5.63	6.56
电费 Electric charge	0.5 元·(kW∙h)⁻¹	6	6	6	6
肥料和药品^① Fertilizer and drug	—	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5
人工 Labor	—	11.25	11.25	11.25	11.25
池塘维护和其他^②Pond maintenance and others	—	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5
成本 Subtotal cost		116.38±3.86^ab	122.47±4.44^a	121.77±4.29^a	110.90±1.75^b
利息 Interest on capital		2.79±0.09^ab	2.94±0.11^a	2.92±0.10^a	2.66±0.04^b
总成本 Total cost		119.17±3.96^ab	125.41±4.55^a	124.69±4.39^a	113.56±1.79^b
总收入 Total return		182.28±45.84	294.45±147.04	264.94±89.11	169.98±20.48
净利润 Net profit		63.11±43.97	169.04±142.81	140.26±91.40	56.42±22.21
投资回报率 Return-on-investment (ROI, %)		56.62±36.49	132.40±107.23	113.49±76.38	49.89±20.31
注：①. 包括化肥、生物菌、水质调节剂、消毒剂；②. 包括设施折旧和维修费。 Note: ①. Includes the costs of fertilizer, probiotics for water quality control, chlorinated lime for pond cleaning and chemical agents for disinfection and disease prevention; ②. Includes the costs of depreciation and repair for pond facility and culture equipment.

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