Fishing characteristics of light fishing vessels in open South China Sea based on Beidou position data
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摘要: 灯光罩网是中国南海外海主要捕捞作业方式之一。为加强对南海外海灯光罩网渔船生产监测和渔船捕捞活动的有效管理，根据2017年2—5月南海外海灯光罩网渔船北斗船位数据，分析定位时间、经纬度等特征，结合作业时间、等深线等采用多层过滤法判断渔船作业状态；通过阈值筛选渔船作业的位置和时间，采用过滤窗修正法对船位点状态进行修正，计算渔船作业时长，并与渔民实际记录的纸质捕捞日志进行对比分析。结果表明：北斗船位数据提取结果和渔民实际记录的结果误差较小，航次准确率为100%，航次天数准确率为94.30%；相同作业日期准确率为92.72%；作业时长总平均绝对误差为1.12 h，平均相对误差为2.1%，具有较好的一致性。研究设计的灯光罩网渔船状态判断、作业位置确定、作业时长提取和捕捞努力量计算方法可为灯光罩网作业分析和其捕捞强度量化提供新思路。Abstract: Light falling-net is one of the main fishing operations in the open South China Sea. In order to strengthen the monitoring of the production of light falling-nets in the open South China Sea and the effective management of fishing activities of fishing vessels, we had analyzed the positioning time, longitude and latitude and other characteristics based on the Beidou position data of the open South China Sea light fishing vessels from February to May 2017. Combined with the operation time, contour line, etc., we applied the multi-layer filtration method to determine the operation state of the fishing vessels. Then we filtered the fishing vessel operating locations and time by threshold, used the filter window correction method to correct the state of vessels, calculated the operation time of fishing vessels, and compared with the fishing logbook recorded by fishermen. The results show that the error between the extracted results by Beidou position data and the actual results recorded by fishmen was small. The voyage accuracy operation was 100%, and the accuracy of voyage days was 94.30%. The accuracy rate of the same fishing date was 92.72%. The total average absolute error of the operation time was 1.12 h, and the average relative error was 2.1% with good consistency. The methods of judging the state of the light fishing-net vessels, determining the operation location, extracting the operation time and calculating the fishing effort provide new ideas for the analysis of the light fishing-net vessel and the quantification of its fishing intensity.
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Key words:
- Light fishing-net vessel /
- Beidou position data /
- Operation state /
- open South China Sea
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图 1 南海外海灯光罩网渔船轨迹图
Figure 1. Track points of light-net fishing boats in open South China Sea
图 3 南海外海灯光罩网渔船作业位置
Figure 3. Location of light-net fishing vessels operation in open South China Sea
图 5 记录作业时长、提取作业时长与渔获量的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between recorded and extracted operation time and fish catches
表 1 灯光罩网渔船状态划分
Table 1. State division of light-net fishing vessels
阶段划分Stage division 渔船状态State of vessel 持续时间Duration 备注Remark 航行Navigation 快速航行 视渔场距离而定 作业Fishing 开灯诱鱼 放锚阻滞 2.0~3.0 h 夜间，使用水锚阻滞，使渔船对水移动停止，渔船随海流漂移。 熄灯放网 5 min 起网收渔获 25 min 转场Cruising 快速航行 驶往下一个作业点，与航行状态相同，但不收回撑开的臂杆。 停航休息Stopping 放锚阻滞 白天，放水锚，随海流漂移。 
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表 2 灯光罩网渔船航次信息
Table 2. Voyage information of light-net fishing vessels
船名Vessel name 航次Voyage 时间Time 出海时间Fishing time/d 记录时间Recored time/d 差值Difference/d 准确率Accuracy rate/% 桂北渔 62666Guibeiyu 62666 第1航次 2月6日8:11—3月27日19:20 49 44 5 89.80 第2航次 4月10日19:03—5月30日24:00 51 50 1 98.04 桂北渔 61999Guibeiyu 61999 第1航次 2月4日11:12—4月5日10:59 60 55 5 91.67 第2航次 4月14日19:20—5月30日22:01 46 45 1 97.83 桂北渔 36288Guibeiyu 36288 第1航次 2月15日11:42—4月3日9:48 46 41 5 89.13 第2航次 4月14日13:47—5月30日23:03 47 46 1 97.87 合计 Total 298 281 17 94.30
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表 3 捕捞日志和北斗船位提取日期比较
Table 3. Comparison of extraction date of fishing logbook and Beidou position
船名
Vesssel name天数
Day/d捕捞日志有记录
北斗提取有记录
Have fishing logbook and Beidou data/d捕捞日志无记录
北斗提取无记录
No fishing logbook and no Beidou data/d捕捞日志有记录
北斗提取无记录
Have fishing logbook but without Beidou data/d捕捞日志无记录
北斗提取有记录
No fishing logbook but have Beidou data/d桂北渔 36288 Guibeiyu 36288 94 75 11 3 5 桂北渔 61999 Guibeiyu 61999 107 90 13 1 3 桂北渔 62666 Guibeiyu 62666 101 86 5 5 5 合计 total 302 251 29 9 13
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表 4 记录作业时长和提取作业时长的对比
Table 4. Comparison of recorded and extracted operation time h
均值Mean value 中值Mid-value 众数Mode value 极小值Minimal value 极大值Maximum value 记录作业时长Recorded operation time 9.19 9.50 9.50 8.50 9.50 提取作业时长Extracted operation time 8.69 9.50 9.80 3.00 10.00 绝对误差Absolute error 1.12 0.60 0.10 0.00 6.50
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