湛江湾潮间带大型底栖动物的群落结构及其受干扰程度

李北兴; 黎傲雪; 董建宇; 吕少梁; 王学锋

doi:10.12131/20220199

湛江湾潮间带大型底栖动物的群落结构及其受干扰程度

doi: 10.12131/20220199

李北兴^1,,
黎傲雪¹,
董建宇¹,
吕少梁^{1, 2},
王学锋^{1, 2, ,}

1.
广东海洋大学水产学院，广东湛江 524088
2.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室 (湛江)，广东湛江 524025

基金项目: 中国-东盟海上合作基金项目“中国与印度尼西亚近海海洋生态牧场技术合作研究”(12500101200021002)；广东省科技厅科技基础条件建设项目 (2021B1212110005)；国家重点研发计划项目 (2020YFD0901103)；广东海洋大学本科生创新团队项目 (CCTD201803)

详细信息

作者简介:
李北兴 (2000—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为渔业生态学。E-mail: beixing2000@126.com

通讯作者:
王学锋 (1980—)，男，教授，博士，研究方向为渔业生态与环境保护。E-mail: xuefeng1999@126.com

中图分类号: Q 958.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-20
- 修回日期: 2022-11-20
- 录用日期: 2022-12-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-10
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-05

Intertidal macrozoobenthic community structure and its disturbed state in Zhanjiang Bay

LI Beixing^1
,,
LI Aoxue¹,
DONG Jianyu¹,
LYU Shaoliang^{1, 2},
WANG Xuefeng^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
2.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524025, China

摘要

摘要: 大型底栖动物是潮间带生态环境监测与评价的良好指示生物。湛江湾是粤西最大的港湾，为揭示湛江湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落特征和受干扰程度，为其生态保护提供科学依据，分别在2020年8月 (夏季) 和2021年1月 (冬季) 实地调查了湛江湾5个不同人类活动胁迫下的断面 (东海岛、东头山岛、鹿渚村、特呈岛和海湾大桥)，分析了大型底栖动物的种类组成、栖息密度与生物量空间分布以及生物多样性，并采用分类学多样性指数和栖息密度-生物量比较 (Abundance-biomass comparison, ABC) 曲线分析了大型底栖动物群落受干扰程度。结果表明：1) 共鉴定出大型底栖动物98种，其中软体动物最多 (45种) ，其次为节肢动物 (26种) 和环节动物 (19种) ；2) 5个断面大型底栖动物夏、冬季的平均栖息密度分别为174和187 个·m^{− 2}，平均生物量分别为171.27和188.38 g·m^{− 2}，均表现为冬季大于夏季；软体动物疏纹满月蛤 (Lucina scarlatoi) 和节肢动物白脊管藤壶 (Fistulobalanus albicostatus) 为冬夏两季的共有优势种；3) Bray-Curtis聚类分析和非度量多维标度排序分析 (nMDS) 结果表明，不同季节5个断面均可分为4个亚群，其中鹿渚村和海湾大桥为一个亚群，东头山岛和特呈岛为一个亚群，而东海岛夏、冬季各为一个亚群；4 ) 分类学多样性指数和ABC曲线对湛江湾潮间带大型底栖生物群落受扰动分析评估结果存在一定差异，其中分类学多样性分析结果表明东头山岛断面和受旅游休闲影响较大的海湾大桥断面冬季受干扰程度相对严重，而ABC曲线则显示受贝类养殖影响的鹿渚村断面夏季受干扰程度较为严重。研究表明人类活动已经对湛江湾潮间带大型底栖生物群落产生了一定程度的不利影响。
- 大型底栖动物 /
- 潮间带 /
- 群落结构 /
- ABC曲线 /
- 湛江湾
Abstract: Macrozobenthos are ideal indicators for monitoring and evaluating the ecological environment of intertidal zones. Zhanjiang Bay is the largest harbor in western Guangdong. In order to reveal the characteristics and disturbed state of macrobenthos communities in the intertidal zone of Zhanjiang Bay as well as to provide a scientific basis for their ecological protection, we investigated five intertidal zones (Donghai Island, Dongtoushan Island, Luzhu Village, Techeng Island and Zhanjiang Bay Bridge) exposed to different anthropogenic pressures in Zhanjiang Bay in August 2020 (Summer) and January 2021 (Winter). We analyzed the species composition, distribution of abundance and biomass, and biodiversities of macrozobenthos. Besides, we studied the disturbed state of macrozoobenthos communities by using the taxonomic diversity indexes and Abundance-biomass comparison (ABC) curves. The results show that: 1) A total of 98 species appeared in the five intertidal zones, among which Mollusca (45 species) were the most, followed by Arthropoda (26 species) and Annelida (19 species). 2) The average abundance and biomass of the macrozoobenthos were all greater in winter (187 ind·m⁻², 188.38 g·m⁻²) than in summer (174 ind·m⁻², 171.27 g·m⁻²). The mollusk Lucina scarlatoi and the arthropod Fistulobalanus albicostatus were the dominant species both in summer and winter. 3) Bray-Curtis similarity clustering analysis on the communities and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) suggest that the communities in the five intertidal zones in summer and winter could be spatially clustered into four groups. Among them, Luzhu Village and Zhanjiang Bay Bridge formed a subgroup, Dongtoushan Island and Techeng Island formed a subgroup, and Donghai Island formed a subgroup in summer and winter. 4) The taxonomic diversity index and ABC curves show some differences in evaluating the anthropogenic stresses on the intertidal macrozoobenthic community in Zhanjiang Bay. Furthermore, the taxonomic diversity index shows that Dongtoushan Island and Zhanjiang Bay Bridge were affected by tourism, and were more severely disturbed in winter, while the ABC curves show that Luzhu Village was affected by shellfish farming and was more severely disturbed in summer. The study reveals that human activities have had a negative impact on the macrozoobenthic communities in the intertidal zones of Zhanjiang Bay.
- Macrozoobenthos /
- Intertidal zone /
- Community structure /
- ABC curves /
- Zhanjiang Bay

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图 1 湛江湾潮间带大型底栖生物采样断面

Figure 1. Map of sampling sites of intertidal macrozoobenthos in Zhanjiang Bay

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图 2 湛江湾潮间带5个断面夏、冬两季的大型底栖动物物种数量和比例

Figure 2. Number and proportion of macrozoobenthos species in five intertidal sampling zones in Zhanjiang Bay in summer and winter

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图 3 湛江湾潮间带5个断面夏、冬季大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量

Figure 3. Abundance and biomass of macrozoobenthos in five intertidal sampling zones in Zhanjiang Bay in summer and winter

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图 4 湛江湾潮间带5个断面夏季和冬季大型底栖动物的平均分类差异指数 (Δ⁺) 和分类差异变异指数 (Λ⁺) 的95%置信区间漏斗图

注：图中前2个字母代表潮间带断面，如断面C1、C2；第3个字母代表采样季节，其中S为夏季，W为冬季；后图同此。

Figure 4. 95% probability funnels for average taxonomic distinctness (Δ⁺) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Λ⁺) in five intertidal sampling zones of macrozoobenthos in Zhanjiang Bay in summer and winter

Note: The first two letters in the figure represent the intertidal zone, such as Zone C1 and C2; the third letter represents the sampling seasons, and S represents summer while W represents winter. The same case in the following figures.

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图 5 湛江湾潮间带夏、冬季5个断面的ABC曲线

Figure 5. ABC curves of five intertidal sampling zones in Zhanjiang Bay in summer and winter

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图 6 湛江湾潮间带5个断面大型底栖动物群落Bray-Curtis聚类 (a) 和nMDS排序分析 (b)

Figure 6. Bray-Curtis clusters (a) and nMDS (b) of macrozoobenthos in five intertidal zones in Zhanjiang Bay

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同季节湛江湾潮间带大型底栖动物优势种和优势度

Table 1. Dominant species and their dominance on macrozoobenthos in Zhanjiang Bay in different seasons

种类Species	夏季Summer	冬季Winter
珠带拟蟹守螺 Cerithidea cingulata	—	0.081
疏纹满月蛤 Lucina scarlatoi	0.063	0.023
白脊管藤壶 Fistulobalanus albicostatus	0.060	0.033
相拟节虫 Praxillella affinis	0.050	—
欧文虫 Owenia fusiformis	0.043	—
韦氏毛带蟹 Dotilla wichmanni	0.033	—
绿螂 Glauconome sp.	0.032	—
革囊星虫 Phascolosoma sp.	—	0.025
纵带滩栖螺 Batillaria zonalis	0.021	—
注：—表示Y<0.02。 Note: —. Y is less than 0.02.

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表 2 不同季节5个断面大型底栖动物生物多样性指数

Table 2. Indexes of H', d, J' of macrozoobenthos in five intertidal zones in different seasons

采样断面 Sampling cross-section	季节Season	Shannon指数 H'	Margalef 丰富度指数d	Pielou 均匀度指数J'
C1	夏季 Summer	1.74	1.10	0.70
C1	冬季 Winter	2.44	1.80	0.83
C2	夏季 Summer	2.40	2.00	0.79
C2	冬季 Winter	2.84	2.00	0.93
C3	夏季 Summer	2.02	1.80	0.69
C3	冬季 Winter	2.22	1.90	0.74
C4	夏季 Summer	2.56	3.10	0.74
C4	冬季 Winter	2.57	2.00	0.84
C5	夏季 Summer	2.84	2.00	0.93
C5	冬季 Winter	2.24	2.30	0.70
平均值 Mean		2.39	2.00	0.79

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