Effects of fermented Astragalus membranaceus on growth, digestion, immune function and ammonia nitrogen resistance of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
-
摘要: 为研究开发新型的促生长、增强免疫功能的水产饲料添加剂，采用发酵黄芪 (Astragalus membranaceus) 添加比例为0% (对照组)、0.25%、0.5%、1%、2%、4%的6种饲料 (分别记为L0、L1、L2、L3、L4、L5组)，养殖体质量为 (44.48±2.06) g的棕点石斑鱼 (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) 56 d，随后进行氨氮胁迫实验，以生长、消化、免疫功能为指标，评价发酵黄芪对棕点石斑鱼的生理生化和抗逆效应，得出最佳使用比例。结果显示：1) L3和L4组与对照组相比，饲料中添加发酵黄芪可显著提高棕点石斑鱼的体质量增长率 (WGR) 和特定生长率 (SGR) (P<0.05)，显著降低饲料系数 (FCR) (P<0.05)，还可显著提升胃肠道中消化酶活性 (P<0.05)；2) 氨氮胁迫前，除了L5组，发酵黄芪可显著提升肝脏抗氧化性能 (P<0.05)，显著降低肝脏丙二醛 (MDA) 含量和血清谷草转氨酶 (GOT) 活性 (P<0.05)；各实验组血清谷丙转氨酶 (GPT) 活性和葡萄糖 (GLU) 浓度，及L3、L4和L5组血清甘油三酯 (TG) 浓度均显著低于对照组 (P<0.05)；3) 氨氮胁迫后，发酵黄芪未提升肝脏抗氧化性能，但相较于对照组，显著降低了肝脏MDA含量 (除L5组)、血清GOT、GPT活性和GLU浓度 (除L4、L5组) (P<0.05)。综上，棕点石斑鱼饲料中发酵黄芪的适宜添加量为1%~2%。Abstract: To develop a new type of aquatic feed additive for promoting growth and enhancing immune function, we cultured Epinephelus fuscoguttatus with body mass of (44.48±2.06) g for 56 d by adding fermented Astragalus membranaceus with proportions of 0% (Control group), 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% (L0, L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5 groups), and then conducted an ammonia nitrogen stress test. Taking growth, digestion and immune function as the indicators, we evaluated the physiological, biochemical and stress-resistant effects of fermented A. membranaceus on E. fuscoguttatus, and determined the optimal ratio. The results show that: 1) Compared with the control group, the addition of fermented A. membranaceus increased the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and the activities of digestive enzymes in gastrointestinal tract significantly (P<0.05), but reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of E. fuscoguttatus in L3 and L4 groups significantly (P<0.05). 2) Before the ammonia nitrogen stress, fermented A. membranaceus increased the liver antioxidant performance significantly (Except L5 group, P<0.05), but decreased the liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content and serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activity significantly (P<0.05). The serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity, glucose (GLU) concentration and serum triglyceride (TG) concentration in L3, L4 and L5 groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). 3) After the ammonia nitrogen stress, fermented A. membranaceus did not improve the antioxidant performance of liver, but reduced the MDA content in liver (Except L5 group), the activities of GOT and GPT as well as the GLU concentration in serum (Except L4 and L5 groups) significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, the recommended feed additive proportion of fermented A. membranaceus is 1%–2%.
-
图 1 发酵黄芪对棕点石斑鱼胃蛋白酶、前肠胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性的影响
注：方柱上不同小写字母表示有显著性差异 (P<0.05)。
Figure 1. Effects of fermented A. membranaceus on pepsin in stomach and trypsin, amylase and lipase activities in foregut of E. fuscoguttatus
Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).
图 2 发酵黄芪对棕点石斑鱼氨氮胁迫前后肝脏过氧化氢酶活性、总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛浓度的影响
注：方柱上不同小写字母表示胁迫前差异显著 (P<0.05)，不同大写字母表示胁迫后差异显著 (P<0.05)，图3同此。
Figure 2. Effects of fermented A. membranaceus on CAT activity, T-AOC, SOD activity and MDA concentration in liver of E. fuscoguttatus before and after ammonia nitrogen stress
Note: Different lowercase and uppercase letters on the bars indicate significant differences before and after ammonia nitrite stress, respectively (P<0.05). The same case in Fig. 3.
图 3 发酵黄芪对棕点石斑鱼氨氮胁迫前后血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和甘油三酯、葡萄糖浓度的影响
Figure 3. Effects of fermented A. membranaceus on GOT, GPT, AKP activity and TG, GLU concentrations in serum of E. fuscoguttatus before and after ammonia nitrogen stress
表 1 发酵黄芪对棕点石斑鱼生长性能的影响
Table 1. Effects of fermented A. membranaceus on growth performance of E. fuscoguttatus
组别Group 成活率SR/% 体质量增长率WGR/% 特定生长率SGR/(%·d−1) 饲料系数FCR 肥满度CF/(g·cm−3) 脏体比VSI/% 肠脂比IPF/% L0 (0%) 98.89±1.92 75.09±6.38c 1.00±0.06c 1.31±0.17a 0.10±0.01ab 8.27±1.55 2.38±0.42 L1 (0.25%) 98.89±1.92 84.27±5.65bc 1.09±0.06bc 1.23±0.18a 0.07±0.05b 9.21±1.75 3.02±1.73 L2 (0.5%) 98.89±1.92 77.76±8.16bc 1.03±0.08bc 1.40±0.18a 0.11±0.05ab 8.73±1.06 2.27±0.87 L3 (1%) 100±0.00 90.18±9.53b 1.15±0.10b 0.93±0.03b 0.09±0.04ab 8.68±1.44 2.17±0.98 L4 (2%) 100±0.00 105.00±7.10a 1.28±0.06a 0.93±0.07b 0.09±0.04ab 8.21±1.49 2.25±0.72 L5 (4%) 100±0.00 79.42±5.13bc 1.04±0.05bc 1.24±0.04a 0.11±0.05a 8.65±2.29 2.56±0.64 注：同列数据不同上标小写字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05)。 Note: Values with different lowercase letters within the same column are significantly different (P<0.05). 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 孙晓飞, 郭伟良, 谢珍玉, 等. 棕点石斑鱼中草药免疫增强剂的快速筛选[J]. 渔业科学进展, 2015, 36(1): 54-60. [2] 孙颖. 棕点石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)杂交F1代生长优势的转录组学研究[D]. 广州: 中山大学, 2016: 2. [3] 蔡岩. 三种中草药对棕点石斑鱼的免疫调控及其作用机制研究[D]. 海口: 海南大学, 2017: 1. [4] IP Y K, CHEW S F. Air-breathing and excretory nitrogen metabolism in fishes[J]. Acta Histochem, 2018, 120(7): 680-690. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.08.013 [5] 郑洪武. 氨氮胁迫对大口黑鲈相关器官及免疫因子的影响研究[D]. 舟山: 浙江海洋大学, 2020: 1. [6] 吴进喜. 氨氮、亚硝酸盐和姜黄素对海鲈生长代谢及抗病相关基因的影响[D]. 湛江: 广东海洋大学, 2020: 1-3. [7] 王美姿. 氨氮胁迫下饲料蛋白质水平对吉富罗非鱼生长、血清生化指标和组织结构的影响[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2018: 1-7. [8] PU H Y, LI X Y, DU Q B, et al. Research progress in the application of Chinese herbal medicines in aquaculture: a review[J]. Engineering, 2017, 3(5): 731-737. doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.017 [9] 付天祥. 试论中草药饲料添加剂在水产养殖中的应用[J]. 农家参谋, 2018(16): 113. [10] HAI N V. The use of medicinal plants as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review[J]. Aquaculture, 2015, 446: 88-96. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.03.014 [11] 柴新娥, 项东, 项颖, 等. 中草药饲料添加剂在养殖中的应用进展[J]. 现代畜牧兽医, 2022(6): 85-88. [12] 张淑娟, 张育贵, 牛江涛, 等. 黄芪的研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2022, 40(2): 151-155. [13] 薛倩倩, 刘晓节, 李科, 等. 黄芪药材化学成分差异的研究进展[J]. 山西医科大学学报, 2018, 49(10): 1259-1263. [14] 倪慧艳, 陈伟, 宋文静. 黄芪多糖抗氧化作用研究[J]. 中医学报, 2017, 32(9): 1705-1707. [15] 白东清, 吴旋, 郭永军, 等. 长期投喂黄芪多糖对黄颡鱼抗氧化及非特异性免疫指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2011, 23(9): 1622-1630. [16] 刘金海, 陈恒, 罗小丽, 等. 半滑舌鳎鱼血液免疫因子对黄芪多糖的免疫应答[J]. 饲料研究, 2020, 43(9): 40-45. [17] LI Y, RAN C, WEI K J, et al. The effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on growth, gut and liver health, and anti-viral immunity of zebrafish[J]. Aquaculture, 2021, 540: 736677. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736677 [18] 边亚彬. 发酵黄芪多糖的制备及其对小鼠树突状细胞成熟相关信号通路的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2017: 13. [19] 苏贵龙, 张景艳, 张凯, 等. 益生菌发酵提高黄芪根、茎、叶活性成分含量的研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2017, 44(6): 1877-1883. [20] 乔宏兴, 史洪涛, 白静, 等. 植物乳杆菌和屎肠球菌协同固体发酵黄芪的互作及在断奶仔猪上的应用[J]. 中国兽医学报, 2018, 38(10): 1982-1988. [21] 李继开, 贾琳, 石建存, 等. 益生菌发酵中药饲料添加剂工艺的优化[J]. 饲料研究, 2021, 44(16): 59-62. [22] QIAO H X, SONG Y Z, SHI H T, et al. Fermented Astragalus in diet altered the composition of fecal microbiota in broiler chickens[J]. Amb Expr, 2018, 8(1): 151. doi: 10.1186/s13568-018-0682-4 [23] SHI H T, ZHAO S Z, WANG K L, et al. Effects of dietary Astragalus Membranaceus supplementation on growth performance, and intestinal morphology, microbiota and metabolism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)[J]. Aquac Rep, 2022, 22: 100955. doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100955 [24] 谢炎福. 复方中药发酵工艺优化及防治鲫鱼出血病的初步研究[J]. 饲料研究, 2015(13): 54-58. [25] 刘洋, 金顺义, 常娟, 等. 复合益生菌发酵中草药前后活性成分变化[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2017, 45(34): 123-125. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2017.34.039 [26] 王坛, 华雪铭, 朱伟星, 等. 饲料溶菌酶添加水平对氨氮应激下吉富罗非鱼血清生化指标、抗菌性能和肝脏抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 水产学报, 2016, 40(5): 740-750. [27] HEGAZI M M, ATTIA Z I, HEGAZI M A M, et al. Metabolic consequences of chronic sublethal ammonia exposure at cellular and subcellular levels in Nile tilapia brain[J]. Aquaculture, 2010, 299(1/2/3/4): 149-156. [28] 王贞杰, 叶保民, 常青, 等. 饲料维生素C含量对圆斑星鲽幼鱼抗氨氮胁迫能力的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016, 28(12): 4054-4062. [29] HUSSAIN A, BOSE S, WANG J H, et al. Fermentation, a feasible strategy for enhancing bioactivity of herbal medicines[J]. Food Res Int, 2016, 81: 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.12.026 [30] 赵倩, 陈玉春, 高绪娜, 等. 枯草芽孢杆菌发酵中药制剂对鲤鱼生长性能、生化指标、抗氧化指标及抗感染能力的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2017, 44(3): 724-731. [31] 谢炎福, 代春梅, 杜亚. 益生菌发酵复方中药对黄河鲤生长性能和免疫性能的影响[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2015(15): 198-200. [32] TANG T, TONG F L, ZHAO S N, et al. Effects of fermented Broussonetia papyrifera on growth, intestinal antioxidant, inflammation and microbiota of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)[J]. Aquac Rep, 2021, 20: 100673. doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100673 [33] 农林生, 黎建斌. 发酵黄芪对山瑞鳖稚鳖生长性能的影响[J]. 河北渔业, 2019(5): 8-10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6755.2019.05.002 [34] 王煜恒, 徐孝宙, 王会聪, 等. 黄芪多糖对杂交鳢生长性能、免疫能力、抗氧化能力和抗病力的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2018, 30(4): 1447-1456. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.04.028 [35] 向枭, 陈建, 周兴华, 等. 黄芪多糖对齐口裂腹鱼生长、体组成和免疫指标的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2011, 35(2): 291-299. [36] 韦海明. 黄芪和维生素C对大黄鱼抗应激的影响[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2014: 27. [37] 李秋月, 林连兵, 杨雪娇, 等. 微生物发酵中草药的研究现状[J]. 微生物学通报, 2021, 48(6): 2232-2244. [38] 彭凯, 萧鸿发, 莫文艳, 等. 黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对加州鲈生长性能、形体指标、体成分及营养物质沉积率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(11): 6340-6348. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.11.034 [39] ZHANG Z F, LYU G Y, PAN H J, et al. Production of powerful antioxidant supplements via solid-state fermentation of wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) by Cordyceps militaris[J]. Food Technol Biotechnol, 2012, 50(1): 32-39. [40] GAO J, WANG R, LIU J X, et al. Effects of novel microecologics combined with traditional Chinese medicine and probiotics on growth performance and health of broilers[J]. Poult Sci, 2022, 101(2): 101412. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101412 [41] 张武肖, 孙盛明, 戈贤平, 等. 急性氨氮胁迫及毒后恢复对团头鲂幼鱼鳃、肝和肾组织结构的影响[J]. 水产学报, 2015, 39(2): 233-244. [42] 刘明阳. 茶树精油对罗氏沼虾生长、免疫及抗氨氮应激的影响[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2020: 5. [43] 亢玉静, 郎明远, 赵文. 水生生物体内抗氧化酶及其影响因素研究进展[J]. 微生物学杂志, 2013, 33(3): 75-80. [44] 王芸, 李正, 段亚飞, 等. 红景天提取物对凡纳滨对虾抗氧化系统及抗低盐度胁迫的影响[J]. 南方水产科学, 2018, 14(1): 9-19. [45] 夏磊, 赵明军, 张洪玉, 等. 不同比例复合益生菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫及抗氨氮能力的影响[J]. 中国水产科学, 2015, 22(6): 1299-1307. [46] 刘成荣, 刘丽香. 香菇多糖对氨氮胁迫泥鳅抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(11): 3701-3710. [47] 刘雨, 丁炜东, 曹哲明, 等. 急性氨氮胁迫对翘嘴鳜幼鱼抗氧化酶活性及炎症反应相关基因表达的影响[J]. 南方农业学报, 2019, 50(8): 1860-1868. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2019.08.29 [48] LI J T, LI W T, ZHANG X M. Effects of dissolved oxygen, starvation, temperature, and salinity on the locomotive ability of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis[J]. Ethol Ecol Evol, 2018, 31(2): 1-18. [49] LI T Y, LI E C, SUO Y T, et al. Energy metabolism and metabolomics response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to sulfide toxicity[J]. Aquat Toxicol, 2017, 183: 28-37. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.12.010 [50] 何玲, 王佩, 罗来婷, 等. 螺旋藻对中华鳖生长和体组成及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 湖南农业大学学报 (自然科学版), 2019, 45(5): 536-540, 559. [51] 刘梦迪, 周楠楠, 王腾飞, 等. 银鲳卵巢发育与磷酸酶ACP及AKP活性的关系[J]. 宁波大学学报 (理工版), 2020, 33(6): 13-19. [52] 刘卫红, 颜贤忠, 张蕾, 等. 代谢组学技术在高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化痰瘀演变研究中的应用[J]. 辽宁中医杂志, 2008(5): 684-686. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1719.2008.05.021 [53] ZHANG M Z, LI M, WANG R X, et al. Effects of acute ammonia toxicity on oxidative stress, immune response and apoptosis of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the mitigation of exogenous taurine[J]. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2018, 79: 313-320. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.036 [54] dos SANTOS SILVA M J, BATISTA da COSTA F F, PAES LEME F, et al. Biological responses of neotropical freshwater fish Lophiosilurus alexandri exposed to ammonia and nitrite[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2018, 616/617: 1566-1575. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.157 -
点击查看大图
图(3) / 表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 280
- HTML全文浏览量: 81
- PDF下载量: 17
- 被引次数: 0
粤公网安备 44010502001741号
