Effect of different flow velocity on tail beat frequency and blood physiology of Plectropomus leopardus
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摘要: 水流是影响鱼类生理和生长的重要生态因子之一，探究豹纹鳃棘鲈 (Plectropomus leopardus) 受流速胁迫呈现的应激水平变化，掌握其耐受的最大流速，可为网箱养殖选址、集约化流水养殖和深远海工船养殖提供理论基础。以体长 (11.38±1.48) cm、体质量 (34.71±11.57) g 的豹纹鳃棘鲈为研究对象，通过自制鱼类游泳实验装置，设计静水对照组 [0 cm·s−1或0 BL·s−1 (体长·秒−1)] 和3组实验组 (11.4、22.8和34.2 cm·s−1对应1、2和3 BL·s−1)，探究40 min水流刺激对豹纹鳃棘鲈摆尾频率变化、血糖、血液中乳酸和皮质醇含量的影响。结果显示，摆尾频率与水流速度之间呈线性正相关关系；血糖和血液中皮质醇含量随摆尾次数增多呈线性增长趋势，乳酸随摆尾次数增多呈非线性增长趋势。超过2 BL·s−1流速会导致豹纹鳃棘鲈血液中皮质醇含量显著升高 (P<0.05)。当流速达3 BL·s−1时，血液中乳酸和血糖含量显著升高 (P<0.05)。综上，豹纹鳃棘鲈对流速的耐受上限为2 BL·s−1。当养殖水体流速高于2 BL·s−1时，应激水平和代谢负荷显著增加 (P<0.05)，出现胁迫效应。研究结果可为养殖工船制荡和网箱养殖水域选址提供参考。Abstract: Water flow is one of the important ecological factors that affect the physiology and growth of fish. Studying the stress level changes of Plectropomus leopardus under flow velocity stress, and clarifying the maximum flow velocity that the fish can tolerate, can provide a theoretical basis for the cage culture site selection, intensive flow culture and deep-sea aquaculture working vessel. Taking P. leopardus [Body length (11.38±1.48) cm, body mass (34.71±11.57) g] as the research object, we designed a hydrostatic control group (0 cm·s−1 or 0 BL·s−1, body length·s−1) and three experimental groups (11.4, 22.8 and 34.2 cm·s−1 corresponding to 1, 2 and 3 BL·s−1) by a self-made fish swimming experimental device, so as to explore the effect of 40-min water flow stimulation on its tail beat frequency change, blood glucose, lactic acid and cortisol content in blood. The results show that there was a linear correlation between the tail beat frequency and water velocity. The blood glucose and cortisol levels increased linearly but the lactic acid increased non-linearly with increasing tail beat times. The flow rate over 2 BL·s−1 resulted in a significant increase in the cortisol in P. leopardus blood (P<0.05). When the flow rate reached 3 BL·s−1, lactic acid and blood glucose levels increased significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, the upper limit of tolerance to flow velocity of P. leopardus was 2 BL·s−1. When the flow velocity of aquaculture water was higher than 2 BL·s−1, the stress level and metabolic load increased significantly and the stress effect appeared (P<0.05). The results provide references for the aquaculture working vessel sloshing suppression and the site selection of cage aquaculture waters.
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Key words:
- Plectropomus leopardus /
- Water flow /
- Tail beat frequency /
- Blood physiology
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图 3 不同流速下豹纹鳃棘鲈血糖浓度变化
注：图中不同小写字母表示同一时间下不同组间差异显著，不同大写字母表示不同时间下同一组内差异显著 (P<0.05)。
Figure 3. Change of blood glucose concentration in P. leopardus at different flow rates
Note: Different lowercase letters indicate that there are significant differences among different groups at the same time. Different uppercase letters indicate that there are significants difference in the same group at different time (P<0.05).
图 4 各流速下豹纹鳃棘鲈血液中乳酸浓度变化
注：a. 水流刺激时长10 min时4种流速下血液中乳酸变化；b. 水流刺激时长20 min时4种流速下血液中乳酸浓度变化；c. 水流刺激时长30 min时4种流速下血液中乳酸浓度变化；d. 水流刺激时长40 min时4种流速下血液中乳酸浓度变化；图中不同小写字母代表组间差异显著 (P<0.05)；ns代表组间差异不显著 (P>0.05)。
Figure 4. Change of lactic acid concentration in P. leopardus blood at different flow rates
Note: a. The change of lactic acid in blood at four flow velocities with water flow stimulation for 10 min; b. The change of lactic acid content in blood at four flow velocities with water flow stimulation for 20 min; c. The change of lactic acid content in blood at four flow velocities with water flow stimulation for 30 min; d. The change of lactic acid content in blood at four flow velocities with water flow stimulation for 40 min. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the groups (P<0.05); ns represents no significant differences among the groups (P>0.05).
图 5 不同流速组豹纹鳃棘鲈血液中皮质醇质量浓度变化
注：图中不同小写字母代表组间差异显著 (P<0.05)。
Figure 5. Changes of cortisol mass concentration in P. leopardus blood in different flow velocity groups
Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the groups (P<0.05).
图 6 实验组摆尾次数对豹纹鳃棘鲈血液生理的影响
Figure 6. Effect of tail beat times of experimental group on blood physiology of P. leopardus
表 1 不同实验组在不同时间段摆尾频率情况 (N=5)
Table 1. Tail beat frequency of different groups in different periods (N=5)
Hz 时间段
t/min对照组
Control group1 BL·s−1流速组
1 BL·s−1 flow velocity group2 BL·s−1流速组
2 BL·s−1 flow velocity group3 BL·s−1流速组
3 BL·s−1 flow velocity group0—10 0.08±0.04d 0.94±0.17Bc 1.58±0.16Ab 2.30±0.09Aa 10—20 0.10±0.08c 1.20±0.12Ab 1.35±0.16Bb 2.23±0.30ABa 20—30 0.16±0.09d 0.88±0.08Bc 1.30±0.05Bb 1.95±0.21Ba 30—40 0.09±0.09d 0.94±0.09Bc 1.41±0.18ABb 2.04±0.10ABa 注：同一行参数上方不同大写字母表示组内差异显著，不同小写字母表示组间差异显著 (P<0.05)。 Note: Different uppercase letters within the same line indicate significant differences within the group, while different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the groups (P<0.05). 
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