Variation in fish community structure in Beibu Gulf before and after La Niña event
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摘要: 拉尼娜事件会影响鱼类的生活史和多样性，导致不同海域鱼类群落结构的演替。为掌握拉尼娜事件对北部湾鱼类群落结构的潜在影响，根据2006年7月和2008年7月北部湾海域底拖网渔业资源调查数据，分析拉尼娜事件发生前后鱼类群落结构的变化特征。结果表明，2006年夏季优势种为发光鲷 (Acropoma japonicum)、竹荚鱼 (Trachurus japonicus)，2008年夏季优势种为竹荚鱼、蓝圆鲹 (Decapterus maruadsi)、发光鲷，竹荚鱼和发光鲷为两航次共有优势种。多样性指数 (H') 与均匀度指数 (E1和E2) 在年际间差异不显著，丰富度指数 (D') 差异显著。以发光鲷为代表的暖温性鱼类资源密度下降；以竹荚鱼、蓝圆鲹为代表的暖水性鱼类资源密度升高，并向北部湾沿岸方向移动，北部湾沿岸站点 (C1—C22) 的各指数在拉尼娜事件发生前后具有显著性差异 (P<0.05)。聚类分析和非线性多维尺度排序结果表明，鱼类群落空间分布较为稳定，主要差异在海南岛西部沿岸。拉尼娜事件引起北部湾海域水温降低、初级生产力升高，导致竹䇲鱼、蓝圆鲹等小型中上层鱼类资源密度升高。在捕捞压力相对稳定的情况下，研究认为北部湾鱼类群落结构在拉尼娜事件前后存在显著的年际变化和物种更替现象。Abstract: La Niña events will affect the life history and diversity of fish, leading to the succession of fish community structure in different sea areas. To understand the potential impact of La Niña events on the fish community structure in the Beibu Gulf, based on the bottom trawl survey data of fishery resources in July 2006 and July 2008, we analyzed the variation in the fish community structure in the Beibu Gulf before and after La Niña event. The results show that the dominant species were Acropoma japonicum and Trachurus japonicus in summer of 2006, and T. japonicus, Decapterus maruadsi and A. japonicum in summer of 2008. T. japonicus and A. japonicum were the common dominant species in the two years. The diversity index (H') and evenness index (E1 and E2) did not differ significantly between years, but the richness index (D') differed significantly. After the La Niña event, the density of warm-water fish resources, such as A. japonicum, decreased, while that of warm-water fish resources, such as T. japonicus and D. maruadsi, increased. Besides, T. japonicus and D. maruadsi moved towards the coast of the Beibu Gulf. The diversity index of the Beibu Gulf coastal sites (C1–C22) was significantly different before and after the La Niña event (P<0.05). The results of cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scale ranking show that the fish community spatial distribution was more stable, and the main difference was in the western coast of Hainan Island. The La Niña event resulted in a decrease in water temperature and an increase in primary productivity in the Beibu Gulf, causing an increase of the density in small pelagic fish stocks such as T. japonicus and D. maruadsi. In conclusion, when the fishing pressure is relatively stable, the significant variation in the fish community structure in the Beibu Gulf is closely related to the La Niña event.
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Key words:
- La Niña event /
- Fish community /
- Biodiversity /
- Dominant species /
- Beibu Gulf
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图 2 2006年夏季北部湾鱼类采样站点的聚类分析、NMDS排序图 (距离：相关性；聚类方式：平均法)
Figure 2. CLUSTER and NMDS analysis of fish in Beibu Gulf in summer of 2006 (Distance: correlation; Cluster method: average)
图 3 2008年夏季北部湾鱼类采样站点的聚类分析、NMDS排序图 (距离：相关性；聚类方式：平均法)
Figure 3. CLUSTER and NMDS analysis of fish in Beibu Gulf in summer of 2008 (Distance: correlation; Cluster method: average)
图 5 拉尼娜事件前后主要优势种生物量的分布变化
注：a、b对应拉尼娜事件前后竹荚鱼生物量；c、d对应拉尼娜事件前后蓝圆鲹生物量。
Figure 5. Distribution of biomass of dominant species before and after La Niña event
Note: The a and b represent T. japonicus biomass before and after La Niña event; c and d represent D. maruadsi biomass before and after La Niña event.
图 6 2006年2—7月和2008年2—7月北部湾海表温度
Figure 6. Sea surface temperature Beibu Gulf from February to July of 2006 and from February to July of 2008
图 7 拉尼娜事件前后总生物量的分布变化
Figure 7. Distribution of total biomass before and after La Niña event
表 1 北部湾2006和2008年夏季主要鱼类物种变化
Table 1. Variation in dominant species in Beibu Gulf in summer of 2006 and 2008
2006年夏季 Summer of 2006 2008年夏季 Summer of 2008 种类 Species 相对重要性指数 IRI 种类 Species 相对重要性指数 IRI 发光鲷 Acropoma japonicum 4 341.33 竹荚鱼 Trachurus japonicus 7 745.79 竹荚鱼 Trachurus japonicus 3 550.31 蓝圆鲹 Decapterus maruadsi 4 457.01 黄斑鲾 Leiognathus bindus 470.08 发光鲷 Acropoma japonicum 1 607.03 粗纹鲾 Leiognathus lineolatus 453.90 二长棘犁齿鲷 Evynnis cardinalis 624.04 二长棘犁齿鲷 Evynnis cardinalis 439.46 刺鲳 Psenopsis anomala 220.78 蓝圆鲹 Decapterus maruadsi 328.12 大头白姑鱼 Pennahia macrocephalus 152.78 鹿斑鲾 Leiognathus ruconius 295.36 多齿蛇鲻 Saurida tumbil 151.55 带鱼 Trichiurus lepturus 257.75 粗纹鲾 Leiognathus lineolatus 120.54 大头白姑鱼 Pennahia macrocephalus 219.87 棕腹刺鲀 Gastrophysus spadiceus 204.41 多齿蛇鲻 Saurida tumbil 157.50 䱨 Terapon theraps 142.28 
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表 2 北部湾鱼类群落各指数
Table 2. Indexes of fish community in Beibu Gulf
丰富度指数 Richness index 多样性指数 Diversity index 均匀度指数 Eveness index N0 D' N1 N2 H' E1 E2 2006年夏季
Summer of 2006均值 Mean 30.96 6.66 7.51 5.50 1.85 0.54 0.42 标准误 SE 0.94 0.23 0.58 0.56 0.09 0.02 0.03 置信区间 CI 29.08~32.84 6.19~7.13 6.35~8.67 4.38~6.61 1.67~2.02 0.49~0.59 0.36~0.48 2008年夏季
Summer of 2006均值 Mean 29.29 5.46 6.08 4.70 1.64 0.49 0.39 标准误 SE 0.81 0.23 0.44 0.57 0.08 0.03 0.03 置信区间 CI 27.66~30.91 5.00~5.92 5.20~6.95 3.56~5.83 1.48~1.81 0.43~0.54 0.33~0.44
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