热带海草床典型鱼类重金属的富集特征和风险评价

江睿; 吴云超; 黄小平; 刘松林; 陈启明

doi:10.12131/20220118

热带海草床典型鱼类重金属的富集特征和风险评价

doi: 10.12131/20220118

江睿^1,,
吴云超²,
黄小平^{2, 3},
刘松林²,
陈启明²

1.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所，广东广州 510300
2.
中国科学院南海海洋研究所/热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室，广东广州 510301
3.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049

基金项目: 广东省基金面上项目(2020A1515010907)；生态重点实验室、广东省海洋药物重点实验室、广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室联合资助开放基金课题 (LMB20191003)；农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室开放基金课题 (FREU2021-05)

详细信息

作者简介:
江睿：江　睿 (1989—)，女，助理研究员，博士，研究方向为海洋生态学。E-mail: jr1017241007@126.com

中图分类号: P 76
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-29
- 修回日期: 2022-05-24
- 录用日期: 2022-06-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-30
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-03

Heavy metal enrichment characteristics and risk assessment of typical fishes in tropical seagrass beds

1.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
2.
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangzhou 510301, China
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 植食性鱼类对海草的摄食会影响海草床中金属元素的传递，其对重金属的累积可能会造成人类摄食风险。以热带海草床中两种摄食海草的典型鱼类——点斑篮子鱼 (Siganus guttatus) 和褐篮子鱼 (S. fuscessens) 为主要研究对象，探究了重金属在海草床环境和鱼类中的富集情况，并对两种鱼类进行了污染和膳食暴露风险评价，分析了重金属在海草床生态系统中的传递特征。结果显示，两种典型鱼类肌肉中的铜 (Cu)、镉 (Cd)、锌 (Zn)、铅 (Pb) 含量均较低，其中Cu和Pb及Zn和Cd表现出显著正相关性，Zn和Cu的富集程度明显大于Cd和Pb，仅Zn存在潜在的明显富集现象。两种鱼类的重金属污染情况均为Zn存在超标风险，Pb轻度污染，Cu、Cd处于正常背景水平；摄食这两种鱼类的健康风险极低。受生长速度和食源差异影响，褐篮子鱼中重金属的含量、污染和富集程度均略高于点斑篮子鱼。海草床环境中的重金属含量和富集情况普遍高于鱼体，重金属主要在海草中出现了显著的富集现象，而随着营养级增加，鱼类体内的重金属含量反而下降。
- 热带海草床 /
- 鱼类 /
- 重金属传递 /
- 重金属富集 /
- 风险评价
Abstract: The ingestion of seagrass by herbivorous fish will affect the transfer process of metal elements in seagrass beds, and the accumulation of heavy metals will cause human ingestion risks. Taking two typical fish species (Siganus guttatus and S. fuscessens) eating seagrasses in two tropical seagrass beds as main research objects, we determined the enrichment of heavy metals and their contamination, and assessed the dietary exposure risk in seagrass bed environment and fishes. Then we further explored the transfer characteristics of heavy metals in seagrass bed ecosystems. The results show that the contents of Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb in fish muscles were at a low level. There are significant positive correlations between Cu and Pb, and between Zn and CD. The enrichment effects of Zn and Cu were greater than those of Cd and Pb, but only Zn showed an potential enrichment effect in these two fish muscles. The Zn contents in these two fishes showed a serious pollution risk, while Pb contents showed slight pollution, but the contents of Cu and Cd were at a normal risk level. Eating these two fishes has little health risk. Due to the different growth rates and food sources, the content, pollution and enrichment of heavy metals in S. fuscessens are slightly higher than those in S. guttatus. The contents and enrichment of heavy metals in seagrass beds are generally higher than those in fishes. The accumulation of heavy metals mainly occurs in seagrass, and the heavy metal content in fish decreases with higher trophic levels.
- Tropical seagrass bed /
- Fish /
- Transfer of heavy metals /
- Heavy metal enrichment /
- Risk assessment

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图 1 新村湾和黎安港采样图

Figure 1. Sampling stations of Xincun Bay and Li'an Port

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图 2 重金属含量相关性分析图

Figure 2. Correlation analysis of heavy metals

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表 1 鱼类生物学信息

Table 1. Sampling information of fish

种类 Species	采样地 Sampling site	样本量 Sample size/尾	体长 Body length/cm	体质量 Body mass/g	日龄 Days of age/d
褐篮子鱼 S. fuscessens	黎安港	33	7.7~23.0	8.50~343.25	101~2 095
褐篮子鱼 S. fuscessens	新村湾	33	11.6~21.9	39.99~255.85	110~1 730
点斑篮子鱼 S. guttatus	黎安港	31	10.9~21.0	53.69~333.45	122~1 365
点斑篮子鱼 S. guttatus	新村湾	30	8.9~22.5	21.58~398.01	120~1 730

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表 2 海草床环境中的重金属含量

Table 2. Heavy metals concentrations in seagrass bed

区域 Area		铜 Cu	锌 Zn	镉 Cd	铅 Pb
新村湾 Xincun Bay	表层水体/(μg·L⁻¹)	0.92±0.16	34.07±24.09	0.10±0.07	1.23±0.55
新村湾 Xincun Bay	沉积物/(mg·kg⁻¹)	3.24±0.36	24.82±2.78	0.05±0.01	6.41±2.30
黎安港 Li'an Port	表层水体/(μg·L⁻¹)	0.72±0.17	5.91±1.71	0.09±0.10	0.67±0.77
黎安港 Li'an Port	沉积物/(mg·kg⁻¹)	4.60±1.47	27.82±8.73	0.06±0.02	8.87±4.03

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表 3 热带海草床海草和鱼类重金属质量分数

Table 3. Heavy metals concentrations in seagrass and fish in seagrass bed mg·kg⁻¹

区域 Area	物种 Species	铜 Cu	锌 Zn	镉 Cd	铅 Pb
新村湾 Xincun Bay	褐篮子鱼	0.56±0.085	20.8±8.47	0.029±0.035	0.049±0.017
	点斑篮子鱼	0.31±0.17	17.88±4.91	0.034±0.039	0.036±0.008 5
	鱼类均值	0.41±0.21	19±6.94	0.031±0.04	0.039±0.01
	海草均值	10.14±18.403	41.16±12.605	0.33±0.178	1.78±1.640
黎安港 Li'an Port	褐篮子鱼	0.31±0.090	19.83±3.58	0.019±0.023	0.043±0.015
	点斑篮子鱼	0.185±0.055	16.33±0.94	0.0057±0.0011	0.042±0.019
	鱼类均值	0.25±0.11	17.77±3.35	0.013±0.02	0.042±0.02
	海草均值	6.49±4.027	32.81±10.405	0.34±0.209	1.95±0.908

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表 4 单因子污染指数法对海草床鱼类重金属水平的评价

Table 4. Assessment of heavy metals levels in seagrass bed fish using SFI

区域 Area	物种 Species	单因子污染指数 SFI	铜 Cu	锌 Zn	镉 Cd	铅 Pb
新村湾 Xincun Bay	褐篮子鱼	I	0.056	1.040	0.145	0.490
	褐篮子鱼	II	0.022	0.416	0.015	0.025
	点斑篮子鱼	I	0.031	0.894	0.170	0.360
	点斑篮子鱼	II	0.012	0.358	0.017	0.018
黎安港 Li'an Port	褐篮子鱼	I	0.031	0.992	0.095	0.430
	褐篮子鱼	II	0.012	0.397	0.010	0.022
	点斑篮子鱼	I	0.019	0.817	0.029	0.420
	点斑篮子鱼	II	0.007	0.327	0.003	0.021
GB 18421—2001		I	≤10	≤20	≤0.2	≤0.1
GB 18421—2001		II	≤25	≤50	≤2.0	≤2.0

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表 5 热带海草床重金属生物-水质富集系数

Table 5. BSAFs of heavy metals in tropical seagrass bed

区域 Area	物种 Species	铜 Cu	锌 Zn	镉 Cd	铅 Pb
新村湾 Xincun Bay	褐篮子鱼	609	611	290	40
	点斑篮子鱼	337	524	340	29
	鱼类均值	446	559	310	32
	海草均值	11 021	1 208	3 300	1 447
黎安港 Li'an Port	褐篮子鱼	431	3 355	211	64
	点斑篮子鱼	257	2 763	63	63
	鱼类均值	347	3 006	144	63
	海草均值	9 013	5 552	3 778	433

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表 6 海草床鱼类重金属含量膳食风险评价

Table 6. Diet risk assessment of heavy metals levels in 　　　　　　　　　seagrass bed fish　　　 μg·(kg·d)⁻¹

区域 Area	物种 Species	铜 Cu	锌 Zn	镉 Cd	铅 Pb
新村湾 Xincun Bay	褐篮子鱼	0.336	12.480	0.017 4	0.029 4
	点斑篮子鱼	0.186	10.728	0.020 4	0.021 6
	均值	0.246	11.400	0.018 6	0.023 4
黎安港 Li'an Port	褐篮子鱼	0.186	11.898	0.011 4	0.025 8
	点斑篮子鱼	0.111	9.798	0.003 4	0.025 2
	均值	0.150	10.662	0.007 8	0.025 2
参考标准^[31] Reference value		500	1000	1	1.2

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表 7 热带海草床鱼类重金属质量分数

Table 7. Mass fractions of heavy metals in tropical seagrass bed fish mg·kg⁻¹

区域　　　　　 Area	铜 Cu	锌 Zn	镉 Cd	铅 Pb	参考文献 Reference
新村湾 Xincun Bay	0.41	19	0.031	0.039	本研究
黎安港 Li'an Port	0.25	17.77	0.013	0.042	本研究
大亚湾 Daya Bay	0.99	—	0.063	0.28	[30]
淇澳岛 Qi'ao Island	0.786	9.424	0.022	0.800	[32]
荣成湾 Rongcheng BAY	0.792	5.179	0.029	0.188	[33]
涠洲岛 Weizhou Island	0.2~1.0	1~6	0.005~0.02	0.03~0.05	[34]
北部湾 Beibu Gulf	1.18	12.7	0.05	0.32	[35]
渤海湾 Baohai Bay	0.53	12.65	0.007	0.020	[36]
浙江沿海 Near-shore of Zhejiang Province	0.745	10.9	0.024	0.065	[37]

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