饲料中添加菊粉对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼存活、生长和肠道菌群的影响

兰鲲鹏; 吴光德; 王珺; 陈旭; 王芸; 周传朋; 林黑着; 马振华

doi:10.12131/20220082

饲料中添加菊粉对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼存活、生长和肠道菌群的影响

doi: 10.12131/20220082

兰鲲鹏^{1, 2,},
吴光德^{1, 2},
王珺^{2, 3, ,},
陈旭⁴,
王芸²,
周传朋²,
林黑着²,
马振华^{2, 4}

1.
上海海洋大学水产与生命学院，上海 201306
2.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部水产品加工重点实验室，广东广州 510300
3.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室 (湛江)，广东湛江 524025
4.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所热带水产研究开发中心，海南三亚 572018

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(32172984)；南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室 (湛江) 项目“深远海适养鱼类绿色养殖技术创新与示范”(ZJW-2019-06)；中国东盟海上合作基金项目；中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费 (2020TD55)；中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助 (2021XK02, 2021SD09)

详细信息

作者简介:
兰鲲鹏 (1994—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为鱼类营养与饲料。E-mail: 2496729687@qq.com

通讯作者:
王　珺 (1979—)，女，副研究员，博士，从事水产动物营养与饲料学研究。E-mail: jwang@scsfri.ac.cn

中图分类号: S 917.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-28
- 修回日期: 2022-04-22
- 录用日期: 2022-04-28
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-05

Effects of dietary supplementation of inulin on survival, growth and intestinal microbiota of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

LAN Kunpeng^{1, 2
,},
WU Guangde^{1, 2},
WANG Jun^{2, 3
, ,},
CHEN Xu⁴,
WANG Yun²,
ZHOU Chuanpeng²,
LIN Heizhao²,
MA Zhenhua^{2, 4}

1.
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300 , China
3.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China
4.
Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China

摘要

摘要: 菊粉等益生元具有促进动物肠道中有益菌生长，提高动物免疫力、成活率和生长性能的作用，在动物营养与饲料领域有广阔的应用前景。研究了在卵形鲳鲹 (Trachinotus ovatus) 幼鱼饲料中添加菊粉对其成活率、生长性能和肠道微生物的影响，并评估了菊粉的适宜添加量。在基础饲料中分别添加0 (对照组)、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%和1.5%的菊粉制成6种等氮等脂的实验饲料，饲喂幼鱼[初始体质量 (18.85±0.02) g] 8周。结果显示，菊粉添加量1.5%处理组的成活率显著高于其他组 (P<0.05)，其他各组之间差异不显著 (P>0.05)；1.5%处理组的特定生长率最高；添加菊粉显著降低了肝体比和脂体比，肝体比随着菊粉添加量的增加先降低后升高，0.9%处理组的肝体比最低；1.2%和1.5%处理组的脂体比显著低于其他组。添加菊粉各组的肠绒毛高度均大于对照组。各处理组肠道微生物的优势种均属变形菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门，但优势种的丰度存在差异，变形菌门丰度最高和最低值分别出现在1.5%和0.6%处理组，0.6%处理组的拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门丰度最高，1.5%处理组的厚壁菌门丰度最低，对照组的拟杆菌门丰度最低。无色杆菌属 (Achromobacter)、短波单胞菌属 (Brevundimonas) 和潘多拉菌属 (Pandoraea) 是卵形鲳鲹肠道微生物群落的优势种。1.5%处理组的无色杆菌属种群丰度最高，无色杆菌属、短波单胞菌属、潘多拉均属、代尔夫特菌属 (Delftia)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属 (Sphingomonas) 种群丰度在0.6%处理组最低；添加菊粉使肠道中的无色杆菌属和普雷沃氏菌属 (Prevotella) 等有益菌的数量增加。综上，认为在饲料中添加1.5%的菊粉可以提高卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的成活率和生长速度。
- 菊粉 /
- 卵形鲳鲹 /
- 成活率 /
- 生长性能 /
- 肠道菌群
Abstract: Prebiotics, such as inulin, can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of animals, improve immunity, survival rate and growth performance, and have broad application prospects in the field of animal nutrition and feed. We conducted an 8-week feeding experiment to investigate the effects of dietary inulin on survival, growth performance and intestinal microbiota of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) [Initial average body mass of (18.85±0.02) g]. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic basal diets were supplemented with 0 (Control), 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% and 1.5% inulin. Results show that 1.5% inulin group had the highest survival rate, significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05), and no significant difference was found among the other groups (P>0.05). The specific growth rate was the highest in 1.5% inulin group. The hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat were significantly lower in inulin-included groups. The hepatosomatic index first decreased then increased with increasing levels of dietary inulin, with the lowest value in 0.9% inulin group. 1.2% and 1.5% inulin groups had significantly lower hepatosomatic index than the other groups. The fish fed with inulin-included diets had higher gut villus height than that in the control group. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant species of intestinal microbiota communities, but their abundance varied. The highest and lowest abundances of Proteobacteria were observed in 1.5% and 0.6% inulin groups, respectively. 0.6% inulin group had the highest abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The lowest abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were found in 1.5% inulin group and control group, respectively. The predominant species at genus level were Achromobacter, Brevundimonas and Pandoraea. Achromobacter was most abundant in 1.5% inulin group. 0.6% inulin group had the lowest abundances of Achromobacter, Brevundimonas, Pandoraea, Delftia and Sphingomonas. Inulin supplementation increased the abundances of bacteria that are beneficial to the host such as Achromobacter and Prevotella. The results indicate that dietary supplementation of inulin at 1.5% can improve the survival and growth performance of T. ovatus.
- Inulin /
- Trachinotus ovatus /
- Survival rate /
- Growth performance /
- Intestinal microbiota

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图 1 摄食不同菊粉水平饲料的卵形鲳鲹肠绒毛高度和杯状细胞数量

注：方柱上不同字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05).

Figure 1. Intestinal villus height and goblet cell number of T. ovatus fed with diets containing inulin at various concentrations

Note: Different letters on the bar indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

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图 2 摄食不同菊粉水平饲料的卵形鲳鲹肠道菌群门水平的相对丰度

Figure 2. Relative abundance of predominant phylum of gastrointestinal microbiota of T. ovatus fed with diets containing inulin at various concentrations

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图 3 摄食不同菊粉水平饲料的卵形鲳鲹肠道菌群属水平的相对丰度

Figure 3. Relative abundance of predominant genus of gastrointestinal microbiota of T. ovatus fed with diets containing inulin at various concentrations

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图 4 卵形鲳鲹幼鱼肠道菌群水平聚类分析

Figure 4. Cluster analysis of intestinal flora of T. ovatus

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表 1 6 种实验饲料配方及营养成分 (干质量)

Table 1. Formulation and proximate composition of six experimental diets (Dry mass)

原料 Ingredient	菊粉添加量 Dietary inulin supplementation level/%
原料 Ingredient	0	0.3	0.6	0.9	1.2	1.5
鱼粉 Fish meal	40	40	40	40	40	40
豆粕 Soybean meal	20	20	20	20	20	20
谷朊粉 Wheat gluten	6	6	6	6	6	6
高筋面粉 High gluten wheat flour	21.5	21.2	20.9	20.6	20.3	20
鱼油 Fish oil	6	6	6	6	6	6
卵磷脂 Lecithin	2	2	2	2	2	2
矿物质^①和维生素^②预混料 Mineral and vitamin premix	2	2	2	2	2	2
氯化胆碱 Choline chloride	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
维生素C Vitamin C	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
磷酸二氢钙 Monocalcium phosphate	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
菊粉 Inulin	0	0.3	0.6	0.9	1.2	1.5
营养成分分析 Proximate analysis
水分 Moisture	10.1	9.8	11.8	11.5	11.2	10.7
粗蛋白 Crude protein	46.6	46.7	46.0	46.6	46.4	46.5
粗脂肪 Crude lipid	10.8	10.7	11.2	11.0	11.0	11.0
灰分 Ash	13.1	13.2	12.8	12.9	13.5	12.9
注：①. 矿物质预混料 (mg或g∙kg⁻¹饲料)：氟化纳 2 mg、碘化钾 0.8 mg，氯化钴 50 mg、硫酸铜 10 mg、硫酸铁 80 mg、硫酸锌 50 mg、硫酸锰 60 mg、硫酸镁 1200 mg、磷酸二氢钙 3000 mg、氯化纳 100 mg、沸石粉 15.45 g；②. 维生素预混料(mg或g∙kg⁻¹饲料)：硫胺素 25 mg、核黄素 45 mg、盐酸吡哆醇 20 mg、维生素 B₁₂ 0.1 mg、维生素 K₃ 10 mg、肌醇 800 mg、泛酸 60 mg、烟酸 200 mg、叶酸 20 mg、生物素 1.20 mg、维生素 A 32 mg、维生素 D 5 mg、维生素 E 120 mg、维生素 C 2000 mg、胆碱 2000 mg、乙氧基喹啉 150 mg、次粉 11.52 g。 Note: ①. Mineral premix (mg or g∙kg⁻¹ diet): NaF 2 mg, KI 0.8 mg, CoCl₂·6H₂O 50 mg, CuSO₄·5H₂O 10 mg, FeSO₄·H₂O 80 mg, ZnSO₄·H₂O 50 mg, MnSO₄·H₂O 60 mg, MgSO₄·7H₂O 1 200 mg, Ca(H₂PO₃)₂·H₂O 3 000 mg, NaCl 100 mg, zoelite 10.45 g; ②. Vitamin premix (mg or g∙kg^-1 diet): thiamin 25 mg, riboflavin 45 mg, pyridoxine HCl 20 mg, vitamin B₁₂ 0.1 mg, vitamin K₃ 10 mg, inositol 800 mg, pantothenic acid 60 mg, niacin acid 200 mg, folic acid 20 mg, biotin 1.20 mg, vitamin A 32 mg, vitamin D 5 mg, vitamin E 120 mg, vitamin C 2 000 mg, Choline chloride 2 000 mg, ethoxyquin 150 mg, wheat middling 11.52 g.

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表 2 饲料中添加菊粉对卵形鲳鲹生长和形态学指标的影响

Table 2. Effects of dietary supplemental inulin on growth and morphological indexes of juvenile T. ovatus

指标 Index	菊粉添加量 Dietary inulin supplementation level/%
指标 Index	0	0.3	0.6	0.9	1.2	1.5
成活率 Survival/%	76.67±2.54^a	77.78±1.47^a	72.22±1.47^a	71.44±1.47^a	72.22±2.42^a	83.33±1.67^b
终末体质量 Final body mass/g	73.46±0.43^ab	71.20±2.21^ab	69.75±0.62^a	71.51±1.23^ab	71.51±1.04^ab	74.97±0.82^b
增重率 WG/%	289.2±3.7^ab	279.6±11.3^ab	270.0±3.1^a	293.6±5.9^ab	279.0±5.4^ab	298.4±3.6^b
特定生长率 SGR/(%·d^–1)	2.43±0.02^ab	2.38±0.05^ab	2.34±0.02^a	2.44±0.03^ab	2.38±0.03^ab	2.47±0.02^b
饲料系数 FCR	1.95±0.08	2.03±0.06	2.29±0.06	2.15±0.09	2.36±0.17	2.13±0.10
肥满度 CF	3.33±0.09	3.17±0.05	3.31±0.06	3.21±0.06	3.27±0.09	3.36±0.08
脏体比 VSI/%	6.23±0.10	6.07±0.12	5.87±0.18	5.91±0.14	5.64±0.21	6.05±0.13
肝体比 HSI/%	1.30±0.05^b	1.04±0.06^a	0.97±0.04^a	0.93±0.04^a	0.98±0.03^a	1.28±0.09^b
脂体比 IPF/%	0.43±0.03^bc	0.44±0.03^bc	0.41±0.05^b	0.46±0.05^c	0.27±0.02^a	0.29±0.04^a
注：同行不同上标字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05)。 Note: Values with different superscript letters within the same row are significantly different (P<0.05).

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