饲料中添加雨生红球藻对尖吻鲈生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫状态的影响

虞为; 陈雪晴; 杨育凯; 张燕娃; 黄小林; 黄忠; 李涛; 马振华; 吴洽儿; 于刚; 周传朋; 林黑着

doi:10.12131/20220002

饲料中添加雨生红球藻对尖吻鲈生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫状态的影响

doi: 10.12131/20220002

虞为^{1, 2, 3,},
陈雪晴⁴,
杨育凯^{1, 2},
张燕娃^{1, 2},
黄小林^{1, 2},
黄忠^{1, 2},
李涛^{1, 2},
马振华^{1, 3},
吴洽儿¹,
于刚¹,
周传朋¹,
林黑着^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室/广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室，广东广州 510300
2.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所深圳试验基地，广东深圳 518121
3.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所热带水产研究开发中心，海南三亚 572018
4.
广州大学生命科学学院，广东广州 510006

基金项目: 海南省自然科学基金项目 (321QN0942)；中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助 (2018ZD01)；广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金 (FEEL-2020-5)；中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助 (2020TD54, 2020TD55)；亚洲合作资金项目——中国与南海周边国家现代渔业合作；广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资金 (2019KJ149, 2019KJ143)；国家重点研发计划项目 (2019YFD0900402)

详细信息

作者简介:
虞为：虞　为 (1986—)，男，助理研究员，硕士，从事水产动物营养与饲料研究。 E-mail: 540749772@qq.com

通讯作者:
林黑着 (1965—)，男，研究员，博士，从事水产动物营养与饲料研究。 E-mail: linheizhao@163.com

中图分类号: S 965.332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-04
- 修回日期: 2022-01-29
- 录用日期: 2022-03-01
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-08
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-05

Effect of Haematococcus pluvialis on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune responses of Lates calcarifer

YU Wei^{1, 2, 3
,},
CHEN Xueqing⁴,
YANG Yukai^{1, 2},
ZHANG Yanwa^{1, 2},
HUANG Xiaolin^{1, 2},
HUANG Zhong^{1, 2},
LI Tao^{1, 2},
MA Zhenhua^{1, 3},
WU Qia'er¹,
YU Gang¹,
ZHOU Chuanpeng¹,
LIN Heizhao^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China
2.
Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, China
3.
Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China
4.
School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

摘要

摘要: 雨生红球藻 (Haematococcus pluvialis) 富含天然虾青素等活性物质，为评价其在尖吻鲈 (Lates calcarifer) 饲料中的应用效果，采用雨生红球藻添加量分别为0 (C)、0.2% (H1)、0.4% (H2)、0.6% (H3)、0.8% (H4) 和1.0% (H5) 的6组饲料，投喂尖吻鲈56 d。结果表明，H2、H3、H4和H5组尖吻鲈特定生长率和增重率均显著大于对照组 (P<0.05)；其中H3、H4和H5组全鱼粗脂肪含量均显著低于对照组 (P<0.05)；H2、H3、H4和H5组总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC) 显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)，H2、H3、H4和H5组的过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px) 活性显著低于对照组 (P<0.05)，处理组的丙二醛 (MDA) 浓度显著低于对照组 (P<0.05)；H3、H4和H5组实验鱼红细胞数 (RBC) 和血红蛋白 (Hb) 浓度显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)，H2、H3、H4和H5组的总胆固醇 (TCHO) 和甘油三酯 (TG) 浓度显著低于对照组 (P<0.05)，H3、H4和H5组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C) 浓度显著低于对照组 (P<0.05)；H2、H3、H4和H5组的溶菌酶 (LZM) 活性和免疫球蛋白M (IgM) 浓度显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)，H3、H4和H5组的补体4 (C4) 浓度显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)。回归分析结果表明，以增重率为目标，尖吻鲈饲料中雨生红球藻的最适添加量为0.66%。
- 雨生红球藻 /
- 尖吻鲈 /
- 生长性能 /
- 免疫应答
Abstract: Haematococcus pluvialis is enriched in astaxanthin. To investigate its effects in the diet of Lates calcarifer, we fed L. calcarifer by six diets containing 0 (C), 0.2% (H1), 0.4% (H2), 0.6% (H3), 0.8% (H4) and 1.0% (H5) H. pluvialis for 56 d. The results show that the specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain rate (WGR) in H2, H3, H4 and H5 groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the whole-body lipid protein content decreased significantly in the treatment groups (P<0.05). The dietary H. pluvialis improved the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) significantly (P<0.05), while the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the concentrations of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and complement 4 (C4) increased (P<0.05) in H3, H4 and H5 groups, but the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the concentrations of cholesterol (TCHO) and triglyceride (TG) decreased significantly (P<0.05), but the lysozyme (LYZ) activity and immunoglobulin (IgM) concentration increased significantly (P<0.05). The regression analysis on the WGR indicates that the recommended optimum dietary H. pluvialis level for the growth of L. calcarifer is 0.66%.
- Haematococcus pluvialis /
- Lates calcarifer /
- Growth performance /
- Immune responses

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图 1 尖吻鲈增重率与饲料中雨生红球藻添加量的关系

Figure 1. Relationship between weight gain rate of L. calcarifer and content of dietary H. pluvialis

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表 1 实验饲料组成及营养水平 (干物质基础)

Table 1. Composition and nutrient levels of basal diet (Dry mass basis) %

原料 Ingredient	C	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5
鱼粉 Fish meal	43.00	43.00	43.00	43.00	43.00	43.00
大豆浓缩蛋白 Soy protein concentrate	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00
面粉 Wheat flour	17.00	16.80	16.60	16.40	16.20	16.00
鱼油 Fish oil	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
维生素预混料^① Mineral premix	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
矿物质预混料^② Mineral premix	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
豆粕 Soybean meal	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
大豆卵磷脂 Soy lecithin	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
甜菜碱 Betaine	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
啤酒酵母 Brewers yeast	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
氯化胆碱 Choline chloride	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
雨生红球藻 Haematococcus pluvialis	0.00	0.20	0.40	0.60	0.80	1.00
营养成分 Proximate composition
水分 Moisture	9.72	9.74	9.69	9.73	9.70	9.75
粗蛋白 Crude protein	47.04	47.08	47.12	47.13	47.18	47.20
粗脂肪 Crude lipid	13.67	13.64	13.58	13.53	13.50	13.46
灰分 Ash	8.32	8.31	8.28	8.26	8.25	8.30
虾青素 Astaxanthin /(mg·kg⁻¹)	1.23	30.35	58.52	91.48	118.53	150.26
注：①. 维生素预混料 (mg·kg⁻¹饲料)：维生素B₁ 25，维生素B₂ 45，维生素B₁₂ 0.1，维生素K₃ 10，纤维醇 800，烟酸200，叶酸1.2，生物素 32，维生素D₃ 5，维生素E 120，乙氧喹150，泛酸500，微晶纤维素14.52；②. 矿物质预混料 (mg·kg⁻¹饲料)：NaF 4，KI 1.6，CoCl₂·6H₂O (1%) 100，CuSO₄·5H₂O 20，FeSO₄·H₂O 160，ZnSO₄·H₂O 100，MnSO₄·H₂O 120，MgSO₄·7H₂O 2 400，Ca(H₂PO₄)₂·H₂O 6 000，NaCl 200。 Note: ①. Vitamin premix (mg·kg⁻¹ diet): V_B₁ 25, V_B₂ 45, V_B₁₂ 0.1, V_K₃ 10, Inositol 800, Nicotinic acid 200, Folic acid 1.2, Biotin 32, V_D₃ 5, V_E 120, Ethoxyquin 150, Pantothenic acid 500, Avicel 14.52; ②. Mineral premix (mg·kg⁻¹ diet): NaF 4, KI 1.6, CoCl₂·6H₂O (1%) 100, CuSO₄·5H₂O 20, FeSO₄·H₂O 160, ZnSO₄·H₂O 100, MnSO₄·H₂O 120, MgSO₄·7H₂O 2 400, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂·H₂O 6 000, NaCl 200.

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表 2 饲料中添加雨生红球藻对尖吻鲈生长性能的影响

Table 2. Effect of dietary H. pluvialis on growth performance of L. calcarifer

指标 Index	组别 Group
指标 Index	C	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5
初始均质量 Initial body mass/g	23.18±0.01	23.13±0.03	23.14±0.04	23.18±0.04	23.18±0.08	23.13±0.02
终末均质量 Final body mass/g	113.63±2.97^a	118.08±2.52^ab	127.43±1.11^cd	132.71±2.83^d	130.21±3.04^cd	124.54±2.17^bc
增重率 WGR/%	390.19±12.69^a	410.44±11.53^ab	450.70±6.01^cd	472.51±11.35^d	461.63±10.63^cd	438.54±9.73^bc
特定生长率 SGR/(%·d⁻¹)	2.84±0.05^a	2.91±0.04^ab	3.05±0.02^cd	3.12±0.04^d	3.08±0.03^cd	3.01±0.03^bc
饲料系数 FCR	1.53±0.02	1.51±0.08	1.49±0.04	1.45±0.03	1.48±0.06	1.50±0.01
成活率 Survival rate/%	96.67±3.33	98.89±1.92	100±0.00	100±0.00	100±0.00	100±0.00
肝体比 HSI/%	0.57±0.01	0.55±0.02	0.52±0.03	0.48±0.04	0.50±0.03	0.55±0.02
肥满度 CF/(g·cm⁻³)	1.73±0.02	1.76±0.01	1.78±0.03	1.85±0.02	1.83±0.06	1.82±0.05
注：表中同一行数据上标字母不同，表示差异显著 (P<0.05)，后表同此。 Note: Different superscript letters within the same line indicate significant difference (P<0.05). The same case in the following tables.

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表 3 饲料中添加雨生红球藻对尖吻鲈全鱼营养成分的影响

Table 3. Effect of dietary H. pluvialis on whole body proximate composition of L. calcarifer %

营养成分 Nutritional composition	组别 Group
营养成分 Nutritional composition	C	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5
水分 Moisture	71.13±1.12	70.63±0.1.09	70.36±0.73	71.28±1.14	70.74±1.68	70.84±1.47
粗蛋白质 Crude protein	15.21±1.04	15.42±0.48	15.61±0.65	15.70±0.53	15.41±0.92	15.45±0.83
粗脂肪 Crude lipid	2.82±0.22^b	2.46±0.14^ab	2.25±0.31^ab	1.81±0.21^a	1.84±0.15^a	1.89±0.12^a
粗灰分 Ash	4.46±0.13	4.52±0.13	4.48±0.16	4.51±0.21	4.53±0.17	4.49±0.21

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表 4 饲料中添加雨生红球藻对尖吻鲈肝脏抗氧化指标的影响

Table 4. Effect of dietary H. pluvialis on hepatic T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities and MDA contents of L. calcarifer

指标 Index	组别 Group
指标 Index	C	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U·mg⁻¹)	0.62±0.03^a	0.65±0.02^a	0.75±0.05^b	0.88±0.05^c	0.85±0.02^c	0.81±0.03^bc
超氧化物歧化酶活性 SOD/(U·mg⁻¹)	86.21±2.92^c	84.38±1.08^c	77.45±1.34^b	70.25±1.18^a	71.18±1.10^a	71.64±2.06^a
过氧化氢酶活性 CAT/(U·mg⁻¹)	33.32±1.04^c	30.25±1.42^bc	27.81±2.13^b	25.71±2.52^ab	25.82±1.31^a	26.18±1.81^a
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性 GSH-Px/(U·mg⁻¹)	185.31±2.15^d	166.53±4.29^c	149.27±5.28^b	139.64±5.37^a	142.72±5.21^ab	145.58±3.17^ab
丙二醛质量摩尔浓度 MDA/(nmol·mg⁻¹)	6.92±0.41^d	6.32±0.27^c	4.78±0.24^b	4.03±0.26^a	4.32±0.35^ab	4.65±0.25^b

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表 5 饲料中添加雨生红球藻对尖吻鲈血液生理指标的影响

Table 5. Effect of dietary H. pluvialis on blood physiological parameters of L. calcarifer

指标 Index			组别 Group
指标 Index	C	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5
红细胞数 RBC/10⁹ mL⁻¹	1.85±0.21^a	1.87±0.13^a	1.98±0.14^ab	2.24±0.34^b	2.35±0.31^b	2.41±0.23^b
白细胞数 WBC/10⁶ mL⁻¹	9.21±0.16	9.23±0.23	9.31±0.11	9.38±0.15	9.44±0.13	9.46±0.24
血红蛋白 Hb/(g·100 mL⁻¹)	5.31±0.13^a	5.38±0.22^a	5.52±0.15^ab	5.67±0.14^b	5.74±0.23^b	5.78±0.16^b
红细胞积压 Ht/%	43.35±1.37	43.12±1.48	42.35±1.72	42.27±2.21	42.55±1.45	42.39±2.41

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表 6 饲料中添加雨生红球藻对尖吻鲈血清生化指标的影响

Table 6. Effect of dietary H. pluvialis on serum biochemical parameters of L. calcarifer

指标 Index			组别 Group
指标 Index	C	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5
总胆固醇浓度 TCHO/(mmol·L⁻¹)	4.23±0.05^b	3.91±0.12^ab	3.71±0.24^ab	3.55±0.15^a	3.53±0.04^a	3.48±0.13^a
甘油三酯浓度 TG/(mmol·L⁻¹)	3.62±0.13^b	3.45±0.12^b	3.21±0.11^ab	2.93±0.24^a	2.88±0.31^a	2.82±0.26^a
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度 LDL-C/(mmol·L⁻¹)	0.86±0.03^b	0.77±0.04^ab	0.64±0.05^a	0.61±0.03^a	0.57±0.04^a	0.56±0.14^a
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度 HDL-C/(mmol·L⁻¹)	2.66±0.12	2.63±0.05	2.58±0.05	2.53±0.03	2.51±0.06	2.48±0.02
血糖浓度 GLU/(mmol·L⁻¹)	6.89±1.02	6.62±0.42	6.54±0.17	6.49±0.26	6.53±0.21	6.51±0.18
皮质醇质量浓度 Cortisol/(ng·mL⁻¹)	67.61±1.47	67.13±1.28	66.53±2.35	66.24±1.08	66.11±1.83	66.52±1.58

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表 7 饲料中添加雨生红球藻对尖吻鲈血清免疫指标的影响

Table 7. Effect of dietary H. pluvialis on serum immune indexes of L. calcarifer

指标 Index			组别 Group
指标 Index	C	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5
溶菌酶活性 LZM/(U·mL⁻¹)	83.83±2.52^a	85.36±1.64^a	89.38±2.01^ab	92.75±2.51^b	93.16±1.24^b	94.34±2.87^b
免疫球蛋白M质量浓度 IgM/(mg·mL⁻¹)	11.97±0.35^a	12.26±0.23^a	14.63±0.44^ab	17.61±0.36^b	18.41±0.96^b	19.11±1.32^b
补体4质量浓度 C4/(g·L⁻¹)	0.39±0.03^a	0.42±0.05^ab	0.52±0.03^b	0.56±0.06^b	0.58±0.04^b	0.61±0.08^b

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