Optimization on calculation method of horizontal illuminance for metal halide fish lamp around fishing boats
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摘要: 蒙特卡罗模拟是一种有效的计算光场分布的数值模拟方法，通过将光束离散成大量光子，追踪光子路径计算目标区域的光照强度。为准确计算集鱼灯的海面光场分布情况，以金属卤化物集鱼灯为例对蒙特卡罗模拟求解过程中的光子数取值和光子辐射模型展开分析和优化。针对光子数取值问题，通过设定不同光子数进行数值模拟，探讨光子数差异对模拟结果稳定性的影响。针对光子辐射模型问题，根据灯具光度分布数据提出光子辐射优化模型，通过实测数据进行验证。结果显示：1) 模拟光子数取值越大，模拟结果的稳定性越好；以与灯具水平距离5 m的计算点为例，当取值设为108时结果的差异系数为0.07%，光子数取值继续增加至1010，则差异系数为0.05%；2) 模型优化后，模拟计算结果与实测的相对误差均值从0.051 2减少至0.045 3。此外，应用优化模型计算了渔船在实际作业环境的光场照度情况，计算结果与实测值的平均误差约为0.052 3。Abstract: Monte Carlo simulation is an effective numerical simulation approach to calculate illuminance at target region by discretizing beam into photons and calculating illuminance based on tracking photon path. In order to calculate the horizontal illumination distribution of the fish lamp accurately, taking the metal halide fish lamp as an example, we analyzed and optimized the photon number and photon emission model in the process of Monte Carlo simulation. For the photon number, we carried out the numerical simulation by setting different photon numbers to analyze its influence on the stability of simulation results. Meanwhile, we presented a photon emission optimization model based on the luminosity distribution data of fish lamp and verified by the measured data. The results show that: 1) The larger the number of the simulated photon, the better the stability of the simulation result. Taking the calculation point with a horizontal distance of 5 m from the lamp as an example, when the value exceeded 108, the coefficient variance (CV) was 0.07% and when the value exceeded 1010, the CV was 0.05%. 2) Byusing the optimized model, the mean relative error (MRE) between the simulated and measured data reduced from 0.051 2 to 0.045 3. In addition, we calculated the light field illumination of fishing boats in the actual working environment by using the optimized model, and the average error between the calculated value and measured value was about 0.052 3.
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图 1 灯具与计算点的相对位置及灯具安装示意
Figure 1. Relative position between lamp and calculation point and installation diagram of lamp
图 4 光子数取值对模拟结果波动性的影响
Figure 4. Effect of photon number on volatility of modeling results
图 5 优化模型不同出射方向计算与实测比较
Figure 5. Comparison of different light field calculation models
图 6 优化模型不同出射方向计算的差异系数(光子数取值为108)
Figure 6. Coefficient of variation of optimized model simulation results (Photons number of 108)
图 7 优化模型应用计算结果与实测值对比(差异系数0~0.23%)
Figure 7. Calculated and measured values of horizontal illuminance at specific points beneath water (Difference coefficient 0−0.23%)
表 1 模型参数表
Table 1. Model parameters
项目 Item 数值 Value 项目 Item 数值 Value 船舶吨位 Tonnage 19.9 金卤灯功率 Metal halide lamp power/kW 2.0 船长 Length/m 22.0 金卤灯光通量 Luminous flux/lm 200 000 船宽 Width/m 4.8 灯组长度 Lamp length/m 17.0 灯与灯间距 Distance between lamps/m 1.1 灯距水面高度 Height of lamp above water/m 3.0 船尾第一个灯与船尾距离 Fist lamp near stern/m 2.8 渔船集鱼灯总功率 Total power/kW 75 
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