Mixotrophic and carbon fixation culture of nervonic acid-producing microalgae Mychonastes afer
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摘要: 微藻是水体中重要的生产者和环境调节因素，作为饵料和调水剂在水产养殖中起着重要作用。微藻的培养方式多样，探究了微藻Mychonastes afer和小球藻Chlorella sorokiniana在不同营养方式及通气情况的生长与光合能力。在自养、兼养和异养，以及不同浓度二氧化碳 (CO2) 通气的条件下，分别测定了两株藻的生长曲线、光合电子传递效率、有机碳源利用率、光合放氧和呼吸耗氧速率，并着重对M. afer的油脂组分进行分析。结果表明小球藻C. sorokiniana可以摆脱对光能的依赖，完全依靠有机碳源营异养生长，而在此条件下M. afer几乎不能生长。有机碳源的加入，对两株藻的光合系统活性均产生了一定程度的抑制作用，使光合电子传递效率以及光合放氧水平下降；同时发现在兼养条件下，高浓度CO2最有利于M. afer生长，促进了细胞对葡萄糖的利用效率，且油脂和神经酸产量提高。研究表明两株藻在协同利用外源有机碳源和自身光合系统方面存在显著差异，并探究出一种用于生产天然神经酸的M. afer最佳兼养条件。
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关键词:
- 微藻Mychonastes afer /
- 兼养培养 /
- 二氧化碳 /
- 呼吸作用 /
- 光合作用
Abstract: Microalgae are a group of single cell microorganism, which play an important role in aquatic production such as aquatic feeding and water regulating. This research focuses on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of Mychonastes afer and Chlorella sorokiniana under different nutrition and aeration conditions. The microalgae were cultivated under autotrophic, mixotrophic or heterotrophic conditions, respectively. And the influence of CO2 concentration was also investigated. The growth curve, photosynthetic electron transfer rate, organic carbon source utilization, photosynthetic oxygen evolution and respiratory oxygen consumption rate were measured to inflect the differences between M. afer and C. sorokiniana, and the emphasis was given to lipid components of M. afer. The results show that C. sorokiniana could grow under heterotrophic condition without light, while M. afer could not. The photosynthetic system of the two species were both inhibited by organic carbon sources, displaying lower efficiency of photosynthetic electron transfer rates and slower photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates. Besides, it is found that under mixotrophy condition, high concentration of CO2 was beneficial to the growth of M. afer, which promoted cell utilization of glucose, and increased the production of lipid and nervonic acid. The study explores a mixotrophic condition for M. afer to produce natural nervonic acid, shows significant differences between the two algae species in photosynthetic system, and explores the cooperative utilization of external organic carbon sources.-
Key words:
- Mychonastes afer /
- Mixotrophy /
- CO2 /
- Respiration /
- Photosynthesis
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图 1 不同培养条件下M. afer (a, c)和小球藻C. sorokiniana (b, d) 的生长曲线和光合电子传递效率变化情况
Figure 1. Growth curves and ETR of M. afer (a, c) and C. sorokiniana (b, d) under different culture conditions
图 2 溶解氧测定示意图及M. afer与小球藻 C. sorokiniana 耗放氧情况
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of dissolved oxygen determination and oxygen release, consumption rate of M. afer and C. sorokiniana
表 1 培养基中葡萄糖剩余量 (
$\overline {\boldsymbol X}{\bf \pm } {\bf {SD}}$ )Table 1. Residual glucose in culture medium
g·L−1 时间
t/dC. sorokiniana M. afer 兼养-空气
Mixotrophy-air兼养-二氧化碳
Mixotrophy-CO2兼养-空气
Mixotrophy-air兼养-二氧化碳
Mixotrophy-CO23 1.50±0.001 2.86±0.010 0.45±0.030 ND 6 0.03±0.001 3.60±0.001 1.50±0.320 ND 8 6.00±0.530 10.99±0.270 4.02±0.620 1.19±0.050 注：ND为未检测出葡萄糖，即培养过程中每次添加的2 g·L−1葡萄糖在检测时已全部利用。 Note: ND indicates that no glucose was detected, which means that 2 g·L−1 glucose had been fully utilized. 
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表 2 不同条件下M. afer细胞生物量、脂肪酸和神经酸质量分数 (
$\overline {\boldsymbol X}{\bf {\pm} } {\bf{SD}}$ )Table 2. Biomass, mass fraction of fatty acids and nervonic acids of M. afer cells under different conditions
生物量
Biomass/(g·L−1)脂肪酸质量分数
Mass fraction of fatty acid/(mg·g−1)神经酸质量分数
Mass fraction of nervonic acid/(mg·g−1)自养-二氧化碳 Autotrophy-CO2 2.458 3±0.000 4 132.20±9.68 0.93±0.02 兼养-空气 Mixotrophy-air 2.620 0±0.000 3 154.01±16.63 2.59±0.01 兼养-二氧化碳 Mixotrophy-CO2 3.261 7±0.000 1 253.02±6.33 5.93±0.15
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