二氧化碳麻醉对罗非鱼生理及品质的影响

袁圆玥; 岑剑伟; 李来好; 杨贤庆; 黄卉; 魏涯; 郝淑贤; 赵永强; 王悦齐; 林织

doi:10.12131/20210276

二氧化碳麻醉对罗非鱼生理及品质的影响

doi: 10.12131/20210276

袁圆玥^{1, 2,},
岑剑伟^{2, 3},
李来好^2, ,,
杨贤庆²,
黄卉²,
魏涯²,
郝淑贤²,
赵永强²,
王悦齐²,
林织⁴

1.
上海海洋大学，上海 201306
2.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部水产品加工重点实验室，广东广州 510300
3.
大连工业大学/海洋食品精深加工关键技术省部共建协同创新中心，辽宁大连 116034
4.
广东顺欣海洋渔业集团有限公司，广东阳江 529800

基金项目: 财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系 (CARS-46)；广州市科技计划项目 (202002030199)；中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助 (2020CY03)；国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项 (2019YFD0901601)；广东省现代农业产业技术体系海水鱼产业创新项目 (2019KJ143)；“扬帆计划”引进创新创业团队专项 (2015YT02H109)；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费 (2020TD73)；海南省自然科学基金面上项目 (321MS099)

详细信息

作者简介:
袁圆玥 (1997—)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为水产品加工与质量安全、水产品保鲜保活。E-mail: 1041986801@qq.com

通讯作者:
李来好 (1963—)，男，研究员，博士，从事水产品加工与质量安全、食品生物技术研究。E-mail: laihaoli@163.com

中图分类号: S 983
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-26
- 修回日期: 2021-12-03
- 录用日期: 2021-12-15
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-05

Effect of carbon dioxide anesthesia on physiology and quality of tilapia

1.
Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Aquatic Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
3.
Dalian Polytechnic University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
4.
Guangdong Shunxin Ocean Fishery Group Co. Ltd., Yangjiang 529800, China

摘要

摘要: 采用二氧化碳 (CO₂) 对罗非鱼 (Oreochromis niloticus) 进行麻醉处理以减少其由操作过程引起的应激反应，分析了麻醉及复苏过程中罗非鱼生理及鱼肉品质的变化。探索不同处理温度的麻醉效果，确定了罗非鱼CO₂麻醉的最佳温度为15 ℃，麻醉用时 (101±18) s，复苏用时 (134±23) s。CO₂麻醉引起了罗非鱼血清皮质醇 (COR) 含量、血糖 (GLU) 浓度、谷草转氨酶 (AST) 、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)和碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 活性的显著升高，复苏后显著降低。糖原 (GLY) 含量显著降低，肝乳酸 (LD) 含量在麻醉复苏后达到最高点。麻醉使鱼体肌乳酸含量显著升高，胁迫解除后显著下降。麻醉后观察到罗非鱼肝脏丙二醛 (MDA) 含量升高，而超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px) 活性、总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC) 降低。鱼片硬度、胶着性、咀嚼性受CO₂麻醉影响显著，复苏24 h后可恢复到对照水平，弹性水平基本保持稳定。研究表明，短时饱和CO₂处理可以有效快速麻醉罗非鱼，麻醉处理引起了罗非鱼机体的氧化应激反应，胁迫解除后鱼体生理状态可得到恢复。
- 罗非鱼 /
- 二氧化碳麻醉 /
- 血清指标 /
- 代谢指标 /
- 氧化应激
Abstract: We used carbon dioxide (CO₂) to anesthetize tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to reduce the stress response caused by operation, and analyzed the changes of physiology and meat quality of tilapia during anesthesia and resuscitation. By studying the anesthetic effects of different treatment temperatures, we found that the optimal temperature for CO₂ anesthesia of tilapia was 15 ℃; the duration of anesthesia was (101±18) s; the duration of resuscitation was (134±23) s. The serum indexes of hydrocortisone (COR), blood glucose (GLU), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased significantly after anesthesia, but decreased after resuscitation. The glycogen (GLY) content decreased significantly after anesthesia, while the lactic acid (LD) content in liver reached the maximum value after resuscitation. The LD content in muscle increased during anesthesia but decreased when the stress was relieved. High malondialdehyde (MDA) content but low superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity were observed during anesthesia. The hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness of the fillets were significantly affected by anesthesia, but could recover to the control group's level after 24 h, with stable flexibility. In conclusion, tilapia can be anesthetized effectively and quickly after CO₂ anesthesia treatment; anesthesia treatment causes oxidative stress response of tilapia; and the physiological state of tilapia can be restored after stress was relieved.
- Oreochromis niloticus /
- Carbon dioxide anesthesia /
- Serum index /
- Metabolic index /
- Oxidative stress

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图 1 二氧化碳麻醉装置示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of CO₂ anesthesia device

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图 2 二氧化碳麻醉对血清皮质醇和血糖浓度的影响

Figure 2. CO₂ anesthesia effect on concentration of serum cortisol and blood glucose

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图 3 二氧化碳麻醉对血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

Figure 3. CO₂ anesthesia effect on activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase

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图 4 二氧化碳麻醉对代谢物质含量的影响

Figure 4. CO₂ anesthesia effect on content of metabolites

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图 5 二氧化碳麻醉对肝脏丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、总抗氧化能力的影响

Figure 5. CO₂ anesthesia effect on levels of MDA, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC in liver

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图 6 二氧化碳麻醉对质构指标的影响

Figure 6. CO₂ anesthesia effect on texture index

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表 1 罗非鱼在不同麻醉阶段和复苏阶段的行为特征

Table 1. Behavioral characteristics of tilapia at different anesthesia and resuscitation stages

阶段 Stage	行为特征 Behavioral characteristics
A1	保持平衡，游动正常，触觉灵敏，鳃盖张合频率正常
A2	保持平衡，不停游动，鱼头探出水面，鳃盖张合的频率下降
A3	平衡困难，尾部间或摆动，触觉大部分丧失，呼吸困难
A4	鱼体完全翻倒，尾部停止摆动，沉在底部，触觉丧失，呼吸停止
R1	呼吸逐渐恢复，鳃盖开始振动，但不能翻身游动
R2	身体部分平衡恢复，鳃盖振动趋于恒定，运动恢复
R3	鱼体平衡完全恢复，触觉恢复
R4	鱼体行为完全恢复正常

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表 2 不同温度下二氧化碳麻醉罗非鱼的效果

Table 2. CO₂ anesthesia effect on tilapia at different temperatures

温度 Temperature/℃	麻醉时间 Anesthesia time/s	复苏时间 Resuscitation time/s	复苏率 Resuscitation rate/%	24 h 成活率 24 h survival rate/%	48 h 成活率 48 h survival rate/%
5	144±25^bc	349±27^a	100	100	100
10	151±26^b	251±24^b	100	100	100
15	101±18^c	134±23^c	100	100	100
20	153±24^b	258±24^b	100	100	100
25	326±33^a	397±36^a	100	100	100
注: 同列中标有不同字母者表示组间有显著性差异 (P<0.05)，标有相同字母者表示组间无显著性差异 (P>0.05)，下同。 Note: The values with different letters within the same column are significantly different (P<0.05), and those with the same letter are not (P>0.05). The same below.

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