中华绒螯蟹白壳和绿壳品系生殖性能、胚胎色泽和生化组成比较

张冬冬; 范陈伟; 姜晓东; 陈瑜; 吴旭干

doi:10.12131/20210268

中华绒螯蟹白壳和绿壳品系生殖性能、胚胎色泽和生化组成比较

doi: 10.12131/20210268

张冬冬^1,,
范陈伟¹,
姜晓东¹,
陈瑜²,
吴旭干^{1, 3, ,}

1.
上海海洋大学/农业农村部淡水种质资源重点实验室，上海 201306
2.
射阳县陈瑜水产养殖有限公司，江苏盐城 224300
3.
上海海洋大学/上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心/水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心，上海 201306

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目 (2018YFD0900103, 2018YFD0900603)；财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助 (CARS-48)；江苏金坛区农业农村局科技项目 (JTNL2019001)；江苏省苏北科技专项 (SZ-YC202116)

详细信息

作者简介:
张冬冬 (1990—)，男，博士研究生，研究方向为甲壳动物育种与生态养殖。E-mail: zhangdongdong8@163.com

通讯作者:
吴旭干 (1978—)，男，教授，博士，从事甲壳动物营养生理和品质育种研究。E-mail: xgwu@shou.edu.cn

中图分类号: S 917.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-15
- 修回日期: 2021-12-26
- 录用日期: 2022-01-19
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-21

Comparison of reproductive performance, embryo color and biochemical composition of white and green carapace strains of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

1.
Shanghai Ocean University/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
Sheyang Chenyu Aquacultural Technology Co., Ltd., Yancheng 224300, China
3.
Shanghai Ocean University/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture/National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai 201306, China

摘要

摘要: 为探明白壳色中华绒螯蟹 (Eriocheir sinensis) 新品系的繁殖性能，在室内养殖桶中比较了中华绒螯蟹白壳和常规绿壳品系繁殖性能和原肠胚期胚胎质量。结果显示：1) 白壳组雌体交配后抱卵速度、成活率和抱卵率均高于绿壳组，但白壳组的抱卵量、生殖力和生殖指数均略低于绿壳组，两组雌体所产胚胎的卵径、单个卵湿质量和干质量也无显著性差异 (P>0.05)。2) 两组胚胎干样色泽参数均无显著性差异，且胚胎中总类胡萝卜素、玉米黄素、角黄素以及β-胡萝卜素含量接近 (P>0.05)；但白壳组胚胎干样中虾青素和叶黄素含量显著低于绿壳组 (P<0.05)。3) 白壳和绿壳组胚胎中水分、脂肪和蛋白质量分数接近，无显著性差异 (P>0.05)；白壳组胚胎中顺-9-十八碳一烯酸 (C18:1 n-9)质量分数显著高于绿壳组 (P<0.05)，其余脂肪酸质量分数均无显著性差异 (P>0.05)。结果表明，中华绒螯蟹白壳品系雌体的抱卵速度快于绿壳品系，整体上白壳和绿壳品系具有相似的繁殖性能和胚胎质量。
- 中华绒螯蟹 /
- 白壳品系 /
- 生殖性能 /
- 胚胎质量 /
- 类胡萝卜素
Abstract: To investigate the reproductive performance of a new white carapace strain of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), we compared the breeding experiments and gastral embryo quality of white and green carapace strains in indoor tanks. The results show that the ovigerous rate, survival rate and spawning rate of the white carapace strain were higher than those of the green carapace strain, but the egg production, fecundity and reproductive effort of the white carapace strain were slightly lower than those of the green strain. There were no significant differences in the egg diameter, wet and dry mass of single egg between the two strains (P>0.05). In addition, no significant differences were found in the color parameters in dried eggs (P<0.05) and the contents of total carotenoids, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin and β-carotene in both strains were similar (P>0.05), but the contents of astaxanthin and lutein in dried eggs in the white carapace strain were significantly lower than those in the green carapace strain (P<0.05). Besides, the eggs of both strains had similar moisture, total lipid and crude protein contents (P>0.05). As for fatty acid composition of eggs, the percentage of C18:1 n-9 in the white carapace strain was significantly higher than that in the green carapace strain (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in other fatty acid contents (P>0.05). In conclusion, the female ovigerous rate of the white carapace strain is faster than that of the green carapace strain, but the reproductive performance, eggs color and proximate composition are similar.
- Eriocheir sinensis /
- White carapace strain /
- Reproductive performance /
- Embryo quality /
- Carotenoids

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图 1 中华绒螯蟹白壳 (a) 和绿壳 (b) 品系亲本雌体外观照片

Figure 1. Photos of white (a) and green (b) carapace stains of female E. sinensis broodstock

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图 2 白壳和绿壳中华绒螯蟹雌蟹抱卵率及水温变化

Figure 2. Ovigerous rate and water temperature of white and green carapace strains of E. sinensis broodstock

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图 3 白壳和绿壳中华绒螯蟹原肠胚期蟹卵冻干后比较

Figure 3. Comparison of dried egg in gastrula stage produced by white and green carapace strains of E. sinensis broodstock

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表 1 白壳和绿壳雌体和雄体亲本的生物学性状

Table 1. Biological characteristics of white and green carapace strains of E. sinensis broodstock

类目 Item	雌体 Female (N=30)		雄体 Male (N=9)
类目 Item	白壳 White carapace	绿壳 Green carapace	白壳 White carapace	绿壳 Green carapace
体质量 Body mass/g	161.85±12.39	152.45±10.13	222.57±3.31	215.65±12.09
甲壳长 Carapace length/cm	62.12±1.44	60.52±0.70	67.34±0.56	66.63±0.96
甲壳宽 Carapace width/cm	68.51±1.45	67.52±1.14	74.79±1.79	75.07±1.16

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表 2 中华绒螯蟹白壳和绿壳品系雌蟹亲本成活率、抱卵率和生殖性能比较

Table 2. Survival rate, ovigerous and reproductive performance of white and green carapace strains of E. sinensis broodstock

类目　　 Item	样本数 Sample number	白壳 White carapace	绿壳 Green carapace
成活率 survival rate/%	30	93.33±6.67	86.67±8.82
抱卵率 Ovigerous rate/%	30	92.50±3.82	83.74±6.18
抱卵量 Egg production/(10⁴粒·只⁻¹)	6	43.33±8.38	44.88±3.73
生殖力 Fecundity/(粒·g⁻¹)	6	3 083.68±429.67	3 361.96±150.18
生殖指数 Reproductive effort/%	6	11.71±1.12	12.57±0.40

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表 3 中华绒螯蟹白壳和绿壳品系卵径和单卵质量比较 (N=6)

Table 3. Comparison of egg diameter and egg mass of white and green carapace strains of E. sinensis broodstock

类目 Item	白壳 White carapace	绿壳 Green carapace
卵径 Egg diameter/μm	369.99±3.82	370.04±2.76
单卵湿质量 Egg wet mass/μg	45.41±1.65	42.92±1.10
单卵干质量 Egg dry mass/μg	12.06±0.67	11.42±0.35

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表 4 中华绒螯蟹白壳和绿壳品系雌体胚胎色泽参数和总类胡萝卜素质量分数比较 (湿质量，N=6)

Table 4. Color parameters and carotenoids content of eggs produced by white and green carapace strains of E. sinensis　　　　　　　 broodstock (wet mass, N=6)　　　　　mg·g⁻¹

类目　　　 Item		白壳 White carapace	绿壳 Green carapace
湿样 Fresh	亮度 L^*	33.17±0.91	30.69±0.83
	红度 a^*	5.14±0.36^a	3.67±0.42^b
	黄度 b^*	5.72±0.77	4.07±0.47
干样 Dried	亮度 L^*	53.79±1.19	52.19±0.88
	红度 a^*	14.96±0.84	16.80±1.20
	黄度 b^*	18.63±1.04	19.81±1.61
总类胡萝卜素 Total carotenoids		291.41±40.45	400.47±60.36
虾青素 Astaxanthin		11.78±1.45^a	19.29±2.19^b
叶黄素 Lutein		16.53±2.21^a	30.05±4.77^b
玉米黄素 Zeaxanthin		3.43±0.60	3.61±0.98
角黄素 Canthaxanthin		3.02±0.15	2.71±0.22
β-胡萝卜素 β-carotene		22.56±4.10	44.55±9.77
注：同行标有不同小写字母表示组间差异显著 (P<0.05)，表5同此。 Note: Values with different small letters within the same row have significant difference (P<0.05). The same case in the Table 5.

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表 5 中华绒螯蟹白壳和绿壳品系雌体卵常规生化和脂肪酸组成比较 (湿质量)

Table 5. Proximate composition and fatty acid composition of eggs produced by white and green E. sinensis broodstock (wet mass) %

类目 Item	白壳 White carapace	绿壳 Green carapace	类目 Item	白壳 White carapace	绿壳 Green carapace
水分 Moisture	74.88±0.46	76.45±0.52	总单饱和脂肪酸 ΣMUFA	30.33±1.40	29.67±0.79
脂肪 Lipid	5.58±0.15	5.66±0.18	亚油酸 C18:2 n-6	14.21±1.56	12.18±2.00
蛋白 Protein	6.24±0.08	5.96±0.15	α-亚麻酸 C18:3 n-3	4.21±0.54	4.38±0.30
肉豆蔻酸 C14:0	0.69±0.05	0.96±0.16	二十碳二烯酸 C20:2 n-6	2.26±0.20	1.81±0.18
十五碳酸 C15:0	0.43±0.04	0.5±0.02	花生四烯酸 C20:4 n-6	3.85±0.46	3.45±0.29
棕榈酸 C16:0	10.12±0.22	10.01±0.11	二十碳三烯酸 C20:3 n-3	0.28±0.02	0.41±0.05
珠光脂酸 C17:0	0.73±0.05	0.91±0.07	二十碳五烯酸 C20:5 n-3 (EPA)	7.05±0.44	7.74±0.64
硬脂酸 C18:0	8.03±0.72	8.24±0.43	二十二碳五烯酸 C22:5 n-3	0.82±0.04	0.75±0.04
花生酸 C20:0	0.49±0.02	0.44±0.12	二十二碳六烯酸 C22:6 n-3 (DHA)	8.50±1.51	9.33±1.52
总饱和脂肪酸 ΣSFA	20.48±0.69	21.05±0.23	总多不饱和脂肪酸 ΣPUFA	41.18±0.90	40.05±0.67
肉豆蔻烯酸 C14:1 n-5	0.08±0.01	0.09±0.01	总长链多不饱和脂肪酸 ΣLC-PUFA	22.76±1.39	23.50±1.84
棕榈油酸 C16:1 n-7	6.24±0.84	6.39±0.59	总n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸 Σn-3 PUFA	21.14±1.34	23.02±1.88
十七碳一烯酸 C17:1 n-7	0.93±0.07	1.09±0.02	总n-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸 Σn-6 PUFA	20.32±2.09	17.44±2.37
顺-9-十八碳一烯酸 C18:1 n-9	18.57±0.51^a	16.28±0.55^b	n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸/n-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸 n-3/n-6	1.18±0.28	1.49±0.31
顺-7-十八碳一烯酸 C18:1 n-7	2.26±0.50	2.07±0.54	n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸/n-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸 n-3/n-6	1.18±0.28	1.49±0.31
二十碳一烯酸 C20:1 n-9	1.70±0.13	2.12±0.26	二十二碳六烯酸/二十碳五烯酸 DHA/EPA	1.20±0.17	1.18±0.11
芥酸 C22:1 n-9	0.54±0.13	1.05±0.20

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