北部湾防城港—钦州近岸海域鱼类群落格局及其与环境因子的关系

张公俊; 杨长平; 刘岩; 周文礼; 单斌斌; 王良明; 王思涵; 孙典荣; 贾春斌

doi:10.12131/20210255

北部湾防城港—钦州近岸海域鱼类群落格局及其与环境因子的关系

doi: 10.12131/20210255

张公俊^{1, 2,},
杨长平^{1, 3},
刘岩¹,
周文礼²,
单斌斌¹,
王良明¹,
王思涵¹,
孙典荣^1,,
贾春斌^4, ,

1.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所，广东广州 510300
2.
天津农学院，天津 330384
3.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所热带水产研究开发中心，海南三亚 572018
4.
深圳市渔业发展研究中心，广东深圳 518067

基金项目: 海南省自然科学基金项目 (319QN337)；农业农村部政府购买服务项目 (17200044)

详细信息

作者简介:
张公俊 (1996—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为海洋渔业资源。E-mail: zgj70919@163.com

通讯作者:
贾春斌 (1972—)，男，高级工程师，从事海洋渔业资源研究。E-mail: jcbsz@163.com

中图分类号: S 932.4
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- 文章访问数: 540
- HTML全文浏览量: 170
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-06
- 修回日期: 2021-11-18
- 录用日期: 2021-12-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-05

Pattern of fish community and its relationship with environmental factors in Fangchenggang (Qinzhou coastal area of Beibu Gulf)

1.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
2.
Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
3.
Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Sanya 572018, China
4.
Shenzhen Fishery Development Research Center, Shenzhen 518102, China

摘要

摘要: 依据2016年北部湾防城港—钦州近岸海域的底拖网调查数据，分析了鱼类群落组成和资源的时空分布；同时结合温度、盐度、溶解氧、pH、深度5种水环境要素，探讨了该海域鱼类群落与环境因子间的关系。结果表明，该海域共捕获鱼类152种，隶属于15目55科96属，二长棘鲷 (Parargyrops edita)、鹿斑鲾 (Secutor ruconius)、多齿蛇鲻 (Saurida tumbil)、褐菖鲉 (Sebastiscus marmoratus) 等为优势种。资源量以春季最丰富，多样性指标春、夏季较高，冬季最低。聚类和NMDS分析得出，该海域可划分为4个鱼类组群，组内平均相似度介于18.27% (组群I) 至32.49% (组群II)。ANOSIM分析表明各组群间鱼类组成差异极显著 (R=0.703~0.982, P<0.01)，组群I与IV间存在最大相异性 (98.02%)。冗余分析 (RDA) 表明，底层温度、溶解氧、深度和底层盐度是影响北部湾防城港—钦州近岸海域鱼类分布的主要环境因子。
- 鱼类组成 /
- 群落结构 /
- 物种多样性 /
- 环境因子 /
- 北部湾
Abstract: We analyzed the fish assemblage composition and spatio-temporal distribution of fish stocks based on the bottom trawl survey data in Fangchenggang (Qinzhou coastal area of Beibu Gulf) in 2016. Combining with the information of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and depth, we investigated the relationship between fish community structure and environmental factors. A total of 152 fish species belonging to 15 orders, 55 families and 96 genera had been collected, and Parargyrops edita, Secutor Ruconius, Saurida tumbil and Sebastiscus marmoratus were the dominant species. The abundance of fish stocks was the highest in spring. The diversity index was higher in spring and summer, but lower in winter. Four distinct groups were defined by Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis, and the average similarity of the groups ranged from 18.27% (Group I) to 32.49% (Group II). The analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) shows that the differences of fish composition among different groups were extremely significant (R=0.703−0.982, P<0.01), with the most sinificant difference of 98.02% between Group I and Group IV. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) show that the bottom temperature, dissolved oxygen, depth and bottom salinity of bottom were the main environmental factors that affected fish distribution in Fangchenggang.
- Fish composition /
- Community structure /
- Species diversity /
- Environmental factors /
- Beibu Gulf

HTML全文

图 1 北部湾防城港—钦州近岸海域鱼类资源调查站位图

Figure 1. Sampling station of fishery resources in Fangchenggang (Qinzhou coastal area of Beibu Gulf)

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图 2 四季鱼类平均生物量和丰度

Figure 2. Mean biomass and abundance of fish in four seasons

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图 3 四季鱼类丰度的时空变化

Figure 3. Spatio-temporal changes of fish abundance in four seasons

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图 4 四季鱼类生物量的时空变化

Figure 4. Spatio-temporal changes of fish biomass in four seasons

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图 5 北部湾防城港—钦州近岸各季节鱼类群落多样性指数

Figure 5. Biodiversity index of fish community in Fangchenggang (Qinzhou coastal area of Beibu Gulf) in four seasons

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图 6 2016年北部湾防城港—钦州近岸鱼类聚类图

Figure 6. Cluster analysis of fish species collected from Fangchenggang (Qinzhou coastal area of Beibu Gulf) in 2016

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图 7 鱼类群落结构NMDS分析

Figure 7. Non-metric multidimensional scalinganalysis of fish community

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图 8 北部湾防城港—钦州近岸四季环境因子

注：不同的大写字母表示差异极显著 (P<0.01)；不同的小写字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05)。

Figure 8. Environmental factors in Fangchenggang (Qinzhou coastal area of Beibu Gulf) in four seasons

Note: Different uppercase and lowercase letters on the columns indicate extremely significant difference (P<0.01) and significant difference (P<0.05).

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图 9 各季节环境因子相关性热图

Figure 9. Correlation heat maps of environmental factors in four seasons

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图 10 基于冗余分析的鱼类群落和环境因子排序图

Figure 10. Ordination bi-plot of fish communities and environmental factors based on redundancy analysis

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表 1 北部湾防城港—钦州近岸渔获鱼类种类组成

Table 1. Species composition of fish in Fangchenggang (Qinzhou coastal area of Beibu Gulf)

纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes	真鲨目 Carcharhiniformes	2 (3.64%)	2 (2.08%)	2 (1.32%)
软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes	鲼形目 Myliobatiformes	1 (1.82%)	1 (1.04%)	1 (0.66%)
硬骨鱼纲 Osteichthyes	银汉鱼目 Atheriniformes	1 (1.82%)	1 (1.04%)	1 (0.66%)
	鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	2 (3.64%)	4 (4.17%)	6 (3.95%)
	鳕形目 Gadiformes	1 (1.82%)	1 (1.04%)	1 (0.66%)
	鲱形目 Clupeiformes	3 (5.45%)	6 (6.25%)	11 (7.24%)
	鲇形目 Siluriformes	2 (3.64%)	3 (3.13%)	3 (1.97%)
	鲻形目 Mugiliformes	2 (3.64%)	3 (3.13%)	3 (1.97%)
	灯笼鱼目 Myctophiformes	2 (3.64%)	3 (3.13%)	4 (2.63%)
	颌针鱼目 Beloniformes	1 (1.82%)	1 (1.04%)	1 (0.66%)
	刺鱼目 Gasterosteiformes	1 (1.82%)	1 (1.04%)	1 (0.66%)
	鲈形目 Perciformes	26 (47.27%)	52 (54.17%)	91 (59.87%)
	鲉形目 Scorpaeniformes	4 (7.27%)	5 (5.21%)	5 (3.29%)
	鲽形目 Pleuronectiforme	5 (9.09%)	8 (8.33%)	14 (9.21%)
	鲀形目 Tetraodontiforme	2 (3.64%)	5 (5.21%)	8 (5.26%)

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表 2 各季节相对重要性指数前5的鱼类优势种

Table 2. Importance relative index of five dominated fish species in four seasons

季节 Season	种类 Species	丰度 R_W/%	生物量占比 R_N/%	出现频率 R_FO/%	相对重要性指数 IRI
春季 Spring	矛尾虾虎鱼 C. stigmatias	17.76	47.27	96.55	6 279.21
	二长棘鲷 P. edita	19.26	10.12	93.10	2 735.73
	褐菖鲉 S. marmoratus	9.24	11.84	79.31	1 672.29
	竹䇲鱼 T. japonicus	9.36	6.10	51.72	799.41
	短吻鲾 L. brevirostris	6.62	2.75	65.52	613.76
夏季 Summer	鹿斑鲾 S. ruconius	10.06	31.22	96.55	3 985.99
	长鲾 L. elongatus	13.28	24.62	82.76	3 137.32
	蓝圆鲹 D. maruadsi	11.69	8.42	100.00	2 011.67
	二长棘鲷 P. edita	14.94	3.50	93.10	1 716.24
	康氏小公鱼 S. commersonii	3.41	11.42	75.86	1 124.93
秋季 Autumn	多齿蛇鲻 S. tumbil	9.71	41.07	86.2	4 377.55
	鹿斑鲾 S. ruconius	7.02	19.99	93.10	2 515.05
	棕腹刺鲀 G. spadiceus	16.25	4.72	96.55	2 024.46
	二长棘鲷 P. edita	10.49	2.52	79.31	1 031.89
	长丝虾虎鱼 M. cryptocentrus	3.87	5.76	86.21	829.84
冬季 Winter	褐菖鲉 S. marmoratus	12.20	31.01	58.62	2 533.23
	二长棘鲷 P. edita	9.87	38.85	34.48	1 680.16
	鹿斑鲾 S. ruconius	4.31	4.11	82.76	696.59
	多齿蛇鲻 S. tumbil	11.46	5.82	34.48	595.70
	花斑蛇鲻 S. undosquamis	8.79	4.60	31.03	415.12

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