Evaluation of genetic parameters for growth and comprehensive stress tolerance traits of Litopenaeus vannamei
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摘要: 为丰富凡纳滨对虾 (Litopenaeus vannamei) 生长和抗逆选育数据库，并为其生长和耐综合胁迫遗传改良提供科学参考，以5个不同遗传背景的凡纳滨对虾群体 [“兴海1号”(GS-01-007-2017) 核心群体、泰国和美国引进的4个群体] 为亲本，经交配获得80个全同胞家系，最终保留38个家系，利用多性状动物模型和ASReml 4软件估计凡纳滨对虾105日龄的生长和耐综合胁迫 [高盐 (35)、低pH (6±0.1) 与高氨氮 (70 mg·L−1) 三因子综合胁迫] 性状的方差组分及遗传参数。结果显示，生长性状的遗传力为高遗传力 [(0.37±0.09)~(0.51±0.10)]，耐综合胁迫性状的遗传力为中等遗传力 (0.21±0.06)，这表明通过选育改良生长和耐综合胁迫性状是可行的；生长性状 (包括体质量、体长、头胸甲长和腹节全长) 的遗传相关性普遍较高，介于 (0.54±0.13)~(0.99±0.01) (P<0.01)；生长性状之间的极显著相关性表明，任何生长性状均可被其他生长性状替代以进行间接选择；生长性状与耐综合胁迫性状的遗传相关性呈低或中的正相关 [(0.11±0.23)~(0.39±0.19)]，表明以生长性状为主选目标进行选育时，耐综合胁迫性状也可获得间接改良。Abstract: To enrich the growth and stress resistance database of Litopenaeus vannamei, and to provide scientific references for the genetic improvement of its growth and comprehensive stress tolerance. We took five L. vannamei populations with different genetic backgrounds as parents, among which "Xinghai 1" (GS-01-007-2017) was the core population and the other four populations were introduced from Thailand and the United States. Eighty full-sib families had been obtained through mating and 38 families finally retained. We then used multi-trait animal model and ASReml 4 software to estimate the variance components and genetic parameters of growth and comprehensive stress tolerance of L. vannamei at 105 age old under the combined stress of high salt (35), low pH (6±0.1), and high ammonia nitrogen (70 mg·L−1). The results show that the heritability of growth traits was high (0.37±0.09)−(0.51±0.10), and the heritability of comprehensive stress tolerance traits was medium (0.21±0.06). The results show that it is feasible to improve the growth traits and comprehensive stress tolerance traits by breeding. The genetic correlation of growth traits (Including body mass, body length, head breastplate length, and full length of the abdomen) was generally high, ranging from (0.54±0.13)−(0.99±0.01) (P<0.01). The extremely significant correlation between growth traits shows that any growth trait could be replaced by other growth traits for indirect selection. The genetic correlation between growth traits and comprehensive stress tolerance traits was low to medium positive correlation (0.11±0.23)−(0.39±0.19), indicating that the comprehensive stress tolerance traits can also be indirectly improved when breeding with growth traits as the main selection target.
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Key words:
- Litopenaeus vannamei /
- Growth traits /
- Comprehensive stress tolerance /
- Genetic parameter
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图 1 凡纳滨对虾家系生长相关性状箱线图 (a—d) 及耐综合胁迫平均存活时间箱线图 (e)
Figure 1. Box plot of growth-related traits of L. vannamei family (a−d) and box plot of average survival time tolerant to comprehensive stress (e)
图 2 凡纳滨对虾综合胁迫前后对比图
注：a. 综合胁迫前的鳃；b. 综合胁迫后的鳃；c. 综合胁迫前的肝胰腺；d. 综合胁迫后的肝胰腺。
Figure 2. Comparison of L. vannamei before and after comprehensive stress
None:a. Gills before comprehensive stress; b. Gills afer comprehensive stress; c. Hepatopancreas before comprehensive stress; d. Hepatopancreas afer comprehensive stress.
图 3 凡纳滨对虾综合胁迫前后组织切片图
注：a. 综合胁迫前的肌肉切片；b. 综合胁迫后的肌肉切片；c. 综合胁迫前的鳃切片；d. 综合胁迫后的鳃切片；e. 综合胁迫前的肝胰腺切片；f. 综合胁迫后的肝胰腺切片。
Figure 3. Tissue sections of L. vannamei before and after comprehensive stress
Note: a. Muscle section before comprehensive stress; b. Muscle section afer comprehensive stress; c. Gill section before comprehensive stress; d. Gill section afer comprehensive stress; e. Hepatopancreas section before comprehensive stress; f. Comprehensive stress posterior hepatopancreas section.
表 1 凡纳滨对虾生长相关性状及耐综合性状的描述性统计
Table 1. Phenotypic parameters of growth traits and comprehensive tolerance traits of L. vannamei
性状
Trait均值
Mean标准差
SD最小值
Min最大值
Max变异系数
CV/%体质量 BW/g 5.21 2.16 0.51 14.53 41.44 体长 BL/mm 77.09 11.41 33.77 105.88 14.79 头胸甲长 HBL/mm 24.07 3.72 10.37 38.71 15.47 腹节全长 FLAS/mm 53.74 7.93 25.79 74.69 14.75 耐综合胁迫 TCS/h 41.57 23.91 6 88 57.51 
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表 2 凡纳滨对虾生长相关性状与耐综合胁迫性状的方差组分及遗传力
Table 2. Variance components and heritability of growth traits and comprehensive stress tolerance traits of L. vannamei
性状
Trait加性方差σa 2
Additive genetic
variance残差方差σe 2
Residual
variance表型方差σp 2
Phenotypic
variance遗传力h2
Heritability体质量
BW/g2.503 0 2.718 2 5.221 2 0.48±0.10** 体长
BL/mm74.525 4 71.794 1 146.319 5 0.51±0.10** 头胸甲长
HBL/mm5.538 5 9.559 4 15.097 9 0.37±0.09** 腹节全长
FLAS/mm26.794 9 42.105 2 68.900 1 0.39±0.09** 耐综合胁迫
TCS/h122.404 7 470.567 5 592.972 2 0.21±0.06** 注：**. 极显著相关 (P<0.01)，后表同此。 Note: **. Extremely significant correlation (P<0.01); the same case in the following table.
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表 3 凡纳滨对虾生长相关性状与耐综合胁迫性状的遗传相关及表型相关
Table 3. Genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation between growth traits and comprehensive stress tolerance traits of L. vannamei
性状
Trait体质量
BW体长
BL头胸甲长
HBL腹节全长
FLAS耐综合胁迫
TCS体质量
BW/g— 0.99±0.01** 0.62±0.12** 0.76±0.08** 0.33±0.20 体长
BL/mm0.94±0.01** — 0.54±0.13** 0.73±0.09** 0.39±0.19* 头胸甲长
HBL/mm0.72±0.02** 0.72±0.03** — 0.86±0.06** 0.11±0.23 腹节全长
FLAS/mm0.79±0.02** 0.83±0.02** 0.74±0.02** — 0.17±0.22 耐综合胁迫
TCS/h0.23±0.04** 0.15±0.04** 0.14±0.04** 0.09±0.04* — 注：上三角遗传相关，下三角表型相关；*. 显著相关 (P<0.05)。 Note: The upper triangle is genetically related, and the lower triangle is related to the phenotype; *. Significant correlation (P<0.05).
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