尖翅燕鱼早期胚胎发育及仔稚鱼形态观察

刘明鉴; 郭华阳; 高杰; 朱克诚; 刘宝锁; 郭梁; 张楠; 杨静文; 刘波; 张殿昌

doi:10.12131/20210251

尖翅燕鱼早期胚胎发育及仔稚鱼形态观察

doi: 10.12131/20210251

刘明鉴^{1, 2,},
郭华阳²,
高杰²,
朱克诚²,
刘宝锁²,
郭梁²,
张楠²,
杨静文²,
刘波²,
张殿昌^{2, 3, ,}

1.
天津农学院水产学院，天津 300384
2.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室/广东省海洋生物种业工程技术研究中心，广东广州 510300
3.
三亚热带水产研究院，海南三亚 572019

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目 (2018YFD0901204)；南海海洋生物种质资源库建设与共享服务广东省省级科技计划项目 (2019B030316030)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘明鉴 (1996—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为水产遗传育种。E-mail: 15222387853@139.com

通讯作者:
张殿昌 (1977—)，男，研究员，博士，从事水产种质资源与遗传育种研究。E-mail: zhangdch@scsfri.ac.cn

中图分类号: S 962
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-02
- 修回日期: 2021-10-10
- 录用日期: 2021-10-22
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-02
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-05

Embryonic development and morphological characteristics of larvae and juvenile of Platax teira

1.
College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
2.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou 510300, China
3.
Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572019, China

摘要

摘要: 为了提高尖翅燕鱼 (Platax teira) 的卵孵化率和苗种成活率，并为人工催产和苗种繁育提供理论依据，观察分析了尖翅燕鱼受精卵胚胎发育和仔稚鱼发育的时序特征，对其形态学指标进行测量，推算出仔稚鱼阶段生长特性的回归方程。结果显示，尖翅燕鱼受精卵为浮性卵，直径 (1.29±0.09) mm，卵壳较坚韧，呈黄色透明的球状，单个油球，无黏性。在孵化温度 (26±0.3) ℃、盐度34~36和pH 7.8±0.5条件下，整个胚胎发育经历7个阶段共27个时期，耗时27 h 45 min。初孵仔鱼全长 (3.120±0.349) mm，呈透明状，体表散布着大量分枝叶黄素，先后经历仔鱼期 (0~17 d) 和稚鱼期 (17~25 d)，25 d后进入幼鱼期。此时幼鱼鳍棘和鳍条已发育完全，其典型特征为头部、躯干部和尾部各有3条黑色条带，身体呈银白色。统计模型显示，尖翅燕鱼早期阶段生长速度较缓，7日龄后生长加速；8日龄仔鱼出现残食和攻击行为。
- 尖翅燕鱼 /
- 胚胎发育 /
- 仔稚鱼发育 /
- 形态特征
Abstract: In order to improve the egg hatching rate and fry survival rate of Tiera batfish (Platax teira), and to provide a theoretical basis for artificial spawning and fry breeding, we observed and analyzed the temporal characteristics of embryonic and juvenile development of fertilized eggs of P. teira, and measured the morphological indexes to derive the regression equations for the growth characteristics of juvenile stages. The results show that the eggs were floating, (1.29±0.09) mm in diameter, with a tough, transparent, yellow spherical shell and a single oil globule that was not sticky. At an incubation temperature of (26±0.3) ℃, salinity of 34–36 and pH 7.8±0.5, the embryos underwent seven stages of development for 27 periods, taking 27 h 45 min. The total length of newly hatched larvae were (3.120±0.349) mm, transparent, with a large amount of branched lutein scatterring on the surface of the body, followed by the juvenile stage (0–17 d) and the larval stage (17–25 d). The juvenile stage was 25 d later, when the fin spines and fin ray were fully developed, typically with three black bands on the head, trunk and tail, and a snowy silvery body color. Statistical models show that the early stages of growth were slow, but accelerated after 7 dah. At 8 dah, the juveniles showed cannibalism and aggressive behavior.
- Platax teira /
- Embryonic development /
- Larvae and juvenile development /
- Morphological characteristics

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图 1 尖翅燕鱼胚胎发育

注：a. 受精卵；b. 2 细胞期；c. 4 细胞期；d. 8 细胞期；e. 16 细胞期；f. 32 细胞期；g. 64 细胞期；h. 多细胞期；i. 桑葚期；j. 高囊胚期；k. 低囊胚期；l. 原肠早期；m. 原肠中期；n. 原肠晚期；o. 胚体形成；p. 胚孔封闭；q. 眼泡出现期；r. 肌节出现期；s. 色素形成；t. 晶体形成；u. 尾芽期；v. 心跳期；w. 肌肉效应期；x. 耳石形成；y. 孵化前期；z. 孵化期；za. 初孵仔鱼。

Figure 1. Embryonic development of P. teira

None：a. Fertilized egg; b. 2-cell stage; c. 4-cell stage; d. 8-cell stage; e. 16-cell stage; f. 32-cell stage; g. 64-cell stage; h. Multi-cell stage; i. Morula stage; j. High blastula stage; k. Low blastula stage; l. Early gastrula; m. Middle gastrula; n. Late gastrula; o. Embryo body formation; p. Closure of blastopore; q. Eye vesicle stage; r. Muscle burl stage; s. Formation of pigment; t. Formation of eye lens; u. Caudal bud stage; v. Heart beating stage; w. Muscle contraction; x. Formation of otolish; y. Pre-hatching stage; z. hatching stage; za. Newly hatched larvae.

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图 2 尖翅燕鱼仔稚鱼形态发育

注：a. 1 龄仔鱼；b. 2 日龄仔鱼；c. 3 日龄仔鱼；d. 4 日龄仔鱼；e. 5 日龄仔鱼；f. 7 日龄仔鱼；g. 9 日龄仔鱼；h. 11 日龄仔鱼； i. 13 日龄仔鱼；j. 15 日龄仔鱼；k. 17 日龄仔鱼；l. 19 日龄稚鱼；m. 21 日龄稚鱼；n. 23 日龄稚鱼；o. 25 日龄幼鱼。

Figure 2. Morphological development of larvae and juvenile of P. teira

None: a. 1 dah larvae; b. 2 dah larvae; c. 3 dah larvae; d. 4 dah larvae; e. 5 dah larvae; f. 7 dah larvae; g. 9 dah larvae; h. 11 dah larvae; i. 13 dah larva;j. 15 dah larva; k. 17 dah larva; l. 19 dah juvenile; m. 21 dah juvenile; n. 23 d ah juvenile; o. 25 dah juvenile.

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图 3 尖翅燕鱼早期生长曲线

注：a. 全长与孵化日龄的关系；b. 体长与孵化日龄的关系； c. 体高与孵化日龄的关系；d. 头长与孵化日龄的关系；e. 眼径与孵化日龄的关系；f. 卵黄囊体积与孵化日龄的关系

Figure 3. Early growth curve of P. teira

Note: a. Relationship between total length and dah; b. Relationship between body length and dah; c. Relationship between body height and dah; d. Relationship between head length and dah; e. Relationship between eye diameter and dah; f. Relationship between yolk sac volume and dah.

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表 1 尖翅燕鱼胚胎发育过程

Table 1. Embryonic development of P. teira

发育阶段　　　　 Developmental　　　　 stage	发育期　　　　　 Developmental　　　　　 period	受精后时间 Time after fertilization	持续时间 Duration	积温 Accumulative Temperature/ (h·℃)	图1 Fig. 1
合子期 Zygo phase	受精卵 Fertilized egg	30 min	30 min	13	a
卵裂期 Cleavage stage	2细胞期 2-cell stage	60 min	30 min	13	b
	4细胞期 4-cell stage	1 h 6 min	16 min	7	c
	8细胞期 8-cell stage	1 h 40 min	36 min	15.6	d
	16细胞期 16-cell stage	1 h 50 min	10 min	4.3	e
	32细胞期 32-cell stage	2 h 10 min	20 min	8.6	f
	64细胞期 64-cell stage	2 h 30 min	20 min	8.6	g
	多细胞期 Multicellular stage	2 h 58 min	28 min	12.1	h
	桑葚期 Morula	3 h 23 min	25 min	12.1	i
囊胚期 Blastula stage	高囊胚期 High blastula	4 h 7 min	44 min	19.1	g
	低囊胚期 Low blastula	4 h 58 min	51 min	22.1	k
原肠胚期 Gastrula stage	原肠早期 Early-gastrula stage	5 h 41 min	1 h 13 min	31.6	l
	原肠中期 Mid-gastrula stage	6 h 45 min	34 min	14.7	m
	原肠晚期 Late-gastrula stage	8 h 8 min	1 h 23 min	36	n
神经胚期 Neurula stage	胚体形成期 Embryogenesis period	9 h 49 min	1 h 41 min	43.8	o
	胚孔封闭期 Closure of blastopore stage	11 h	1 h 11 min	30.8	p
器官形成期 Organogenesis stage	眼泡出现期 Tail vesicle period	11 h 28 min	28 min	12.1	q
	肌节出现期 Appearance of myomere	12 h 4 min	36 min	15.6	r
	色素形成期 Formation of pigment	13 h 25 min	1 h 21 min	35.1	s
	晶体形成期 Crystal stage of eyes	14 h 42 min	1 h 17 min	33.4	t
	尾芽期 Tail-bud period	16 h 55 min	2 h 13 min	57.6	u
	心跳期 Heart beating period	19 h 18 min	2 h 23 min	62	v
	肌肉效应期 Muscular contraction period	20 h 36 min	1 h 18 min	33.8	w
	耳石形成期 Appearance of statolith	22 h 20 min	2 h 14 min	58.1	x
	孵化前期 Pre-hatching stage	25 h 30 min	2 h 40 min	69.3	y
	孵化期 Hatching stage	26 h 55 min	1 h 25 min	36.0	z
孵化期 Hatching stage	初孵仔鱼 Newly hatched larvae	27 h 20 min	25 min	10.8	za
注：受精卵孵化温度为 (26±0.3) ℃、盐度34~36、pH 7.8±0.5。 Note: The temperature of hatching seawater was (26±0.3)℃; the salinity was 34−36; pH was 7.8±0.5.

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