Relative energy accumulation in soma and gonad tissues of female Dosidicus gigas and relation to environmental effects
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摘要: 为了从能量积累角度掌握茎柔鱼 (Dosidicus gigas) 的生活史策略，利用组织能量密度测定技术和广义线性混合效应模型 (Generalized linear mixed-effects models, GLMM) 对东太平洋茎柔鱼的肌肉、性腺等组织的相对能量积累及其与栖息海域环境因子之间的关系进行了分析。结果显示，东太平洋茎柔鱼以肌肉组织能量积累为主 (相对能量积累占70%以上)，性腺组织能量积累相对较低。在生理性发育期至功能性成熟期，肌肉组织相对能量积累下降显著，性腺组织相对能量积累明显；在功能性成熟期，肌肉组织相对能量积累回升显著。肌肉组织和性腺组织的相对能量积累与栖息海域海表温度无显著相关性，但与栖息海域叶绿素 a 质量浓度存在显著的效应关系，并与采样经度分布密切相关。研究表明，东太平洋茎柔鱼在性腺发育开始后能量积累逐渐增加对生殖发育的投入分配，但在繁殖产卵期保持较好的肌肉组织状态，肌肉、性腺组织的相对能量积累更多取决于栖息海域的初级生产力。Abstract: In order to understand the life history strategy of Dosidicus gigas in terms of energy accumulation, we applied the methodology tissue energy density technique and generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMM) to investigate the relative energy accumulation in soma and gonad tissues. The specimens of D. gigas were collected from the commercial jigging fisheries during 2017 and 2019. The results show that soma tissue was the largest organ for energy accumulation, accounting for at least 70% of the total energy of D. gigas, while gonad tissues accumulated a small portion of energy. The relative energy accumulation in soma tissue declined significantly from physiologically maturing stage to functionally mature stage, followed by a significant rebound at the spawning stage. In contrast, the relative energy accumulation in gonad tissues showed an increasing trend after the onset of physiologically maturing, reaching a peak at the stage of functionally mature. The relative energy accumulation in soma was not significantly correlated with sea surface temperature, neither was the relative energy accumulation in gonad tissues. However, there was significant relationship between the relative energy accumulation in both soma and gonad tissues and sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration. There was also significant relationship between the relative energy accumulation in soma and gonad tissues and sampling longitudes in the East Pacific Ocean. These observations indicate that D. gigas increases energy allocation to gonadal development after the onset of physiologically maturing, and maintains somatic condition during the spawning period. The relative energy accumulation in soma and gonad tissues may be more likely related to marine production, due to larger relative energy accumulation associated with higher chlorophyll-a concentration.
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图 2 东太平洋茎柔鱼采样站点的海表温和叶绿素 a质量浓度
Figure 2. Sea surface temperature and Chl-a concentration of D. gigas sampling stations in East Pacific Ocean
图 3 茎柔鱼肌肉组织相对能量积累随性腺发育的变化及与胴长的关系
Figure 3. Changes of relative energy accumulation in soma tissue of D. gigas with gonadal maturity and relation to mantle length
图 4 茎柔鱼性腺组织相对能量积累随性腺发育的变化及与胴长的关系
Figure 4. Changes of relative energy accumulation in gonad tissues of D. gigas with gonadal maturity and relation to mantle length
图 5 茎柔鱼卵巢、输卵管复合体和缠卵腺组织相对能量积累随性腺发育的变化分布
Figure 5. Changes of relative energy accumulation in tissues of ovary, oviducts and nidamental glands with gonadal maturity for D. gigas
图 6 茎柔鱼肌肉、性腺组织相对能量积累与叶绿素 a质量浓度、采样经度的关系
Figure 6. Relationships between relative energy accumulation in soma and gonad tissues and Chl-a concentration and sampling longitude for D. gigas
图 7 茎柔鱼卵巢组织相对能量积累与叶绿素 a质量浓度、采样经度的关系
Figure 7. Relationships between ovary relative energy accumulation and Chl-a concentration and sampling longitude for D. gigas
表 1 茎柔鱼雌性实验样本的生物学数据
Table 1. Biological information of female D. gigas samples for experiment
性腺成熟度
Maturity stage样本 Sample 胴长 Mantle length/mm 体质量 Body mass/g 数目
Number占比
Proportion/%范围
Range均值±标准差
$ \overline { X}\pm { \rm {SD}}$范围
Range均值±标准差
$ \overline { X}\pm { \rm {SD}}$Ⅲ 38 33.93 171~440 287.48±60.67 175~2 114 799.25±518.85 Ⅳ 21 18.75 205~581 362.32±107.33 230~4 529 1 601.52±1 364.71 Ⅴ 9 8.04 222~567 360.67±134.63 310~5 349 2 002.63±1 869.69 Ⅵ 38 33.93 210~641 501.86±119.73 205~7 293 3 598.87±1 636.30 Ⅶ 5 4.46 160~507 366.25±146.64 1 250~4 039 2 478.20±1 261.12 总计 Total 112 100 160~641 367.72.±128.75 175~7 293 2 184.49±2 247.48 
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表 2 茎柔鱼肌肉组织相对能量积累与环境因子、经度的广义线性混合效应模型结果
Table 2. Results of generalized linear mixed-effects model of soma relative energy accumulation performed on environmental factor and longitude for D. gigas
效应
Effect模型参数因子
Model parameter估计
Estimated效应方差
Variance标准偏差
Std. Dev.t P 随机效应
Random effect采样月份∶采样年份
Sampling month: Sampling year— 0.03 0.18 — — 采样年份 Sampling year — 3.88×10−3 0.06 — — 残差 Residual — 0.08 0.28 — — 固定效应
Fixed effect截距 Intercept 7.20 — 2.07 10.95 1.75×10−6 海表温度 SST −0.09 — 0.19 −1.61 0.13 叶绿素 Chl-a 2.90 — 3.52 3.85 9.48×10−4 经度 Lon −0.04 — 0.06 −2.74 0.01
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表 3 茎柔鱼性腺组织相对能量积累与环境因子、经度的广义线性混合效应模型结果
Table 3. Results of generalized linear mixed-effects model of gonad tissues relative energy accumulation performed on environmental factor and longitude for D. gigas
效应
Effect模型参数因子
Model parameter估计
Estimated效应方差
Variance标准偏差
Std. Dev.t P 随机效应
Random effect采样月份：采样年份
Sampling month：Sampling year— 0.03 0.18 — — 采样年份 Sampling year — 3.88×10−3 0.06 — — 残差 Residual — 0.08 0.28 — — 固定效应
Fixed effect截距 Intercept 7.20 — 2.07 10.95 1.75×10−6 海表温度 SST −0.09 — 0.19 −1.61 0.13 叶绿素 Chla 2.90 — 3.52 3.85 9.48×10−4 经度 Lon −0.04 — 0.06 −2.74 0.01
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表 4 茎柔鱼卵巢组织相对能量积累与环境因子、经度的广义线性混合效应模型结果
Table 4. Results of generalized linear mixed-effects model of ovary relative energy accumulation performed on environmental factor and longitude for D. gigas
效应
Effect模型参数因子
Model parameter估计
Estimated效应方差
Variance标准偏差
Std.Dev.t P 随机效应
Random effect采样月份：采样年份
Sampling month：Sampling year— 0.13 0.35 — — 采样年份 Sampling year — 0.00 0.00 — — 残差 Residual — 0.28 0.53 — — 固定效应
Fixed effect截距 Intercept 4.95 — 3.91 4.00 3.13×10−3 海表温度 SST 0.16 — 0.40 1.61 0.13 叶绿素 Chl-a −4.84 — 6.54 −3.40 2.82×10−3 经度 Lon 0.06 — 0.12 2.41 0.03
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表 5 茎柔鱼输卵管、缠卵腺组织相对能量积累与环境因子的广义线性混合效应模型的固定效应结果
Table 5. Results of generalized linear mixed-effects models fixed effects of relative energy accumulation in oviducts and nidamental glands performed on environmental factor for D. gigas
组织
Tissue参数
Variable估计
Estimated标准误差
Std. Errort P 输卵管
Oviduct截距 Intercept 2.51 3.26 1.65 0.18 海表温度 SST −0.05 0.08 −1.09 0.39 叶绿素 Chla 1.88 12.89 0.55 0.59 缠卵腺
Nidamental gland截距 Intercept 4.43 3.76 3.21 0.02 海表温度 SST −0.09 0.12 −1.92 0.11 叶绿素 Chla −3.17 6.24 −1.85 0.09
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