水产养殖环境中抗生素抗性基因 (ARGs) 研究进展

李丹怡; 王许诺; 张广桔; 王增焕; 黄珂

doi:10.12131/20210207

水产养殖环境中抗生素抗性基因 (ARGs) 研究进展

doi: 10.12131/20210207

1.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室/农业农村部水产品加工重点实验室，广东广州 510300
2.
广州市花都排水有限公司，广东广州 510800

基金项目: 海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目 (321QN0944)；广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金资助项目(FEEL-2017-14)

详细信息

作者简介:
李丹怡 (1994—)，女，硕士，研究实习员，从事渔业环境及水产品的监测与风险评估研究。E-mail: lidy27@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王许诺 (1983—)，女，副研究员，硕士，从事渔业环境及水产品的监测与风险评估研究。E-mail: sanqianli-1983@163.com

中图分类号: S 949
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-24
- 修回日期: 2021-12-24
- 录用日期: 2022-01-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-16

Advances on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture environment

1.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology Environment/Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
2.
Guangzhou Huadu Drainage Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510800, China

摘要

摘要: 抗生素对水产养殖业中水生生物疾病防治、生产线增产等发挥着重要作用，但长期滥用抗生素很可能诱导水生生物体内产生携带抗生素抗性基因 (Antibiotic resistant genes, ARGs) 的耐药菌 (Antibiotic resistant bacteria, ARB)。ARGs在水产养殖环境中的持久性残留、迁移和传播，会埋下基因污染隐患，导致生态失衡并危害人类安全，如何遏制抗生素抗性的传播已引起全球重点关注。就水产养殖环境中ARGs的研究进展，系统总结了ARGs的污染现状及其在水产养殖环境中的来源、迁移传播和影响因素，并简述了ARGs与抗生素、微生物群落和环境因素之间的关联特性，以及抗生素、ARGs和ARB对生态环境与人类健康的影响。基于此，概述了ARGs的控制策略与去除技术，并提出了今后的研究方向，以期为水产养殖环境中ARGs污染机理的解析和抗生素抗性传播风险的控制提供科学参考。
- 水产养殖环境 /
- 抗生素 /
- 抗生素抗性基因 /
- 抗生素耐药菌
Abstract: Antibiotics play a significant role in the disease control of aquatic organisms and output increase of aquatic products. However, long-term abuse of antibiotics can result in the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) which harbor antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic organisms. The persistent existence, migration and spread of ARGs in aquaculture environment will potentially cause genetic pollution, destroy the ecological balance, and pose risks to human health. Therefore, how to constrain the spread of antibiotic resistance has attracted global attention. In terms of the research advancement of ARGs in aquaculture environment, this review systematically summarizes the status of ARGs pollution coupled with the source, migration and spread behavior of ARGs and their influencing factors, illustrates the correlations between ARGs and antibiotics, microbial communities and environmental factors, as well as discusses the effect of antibiotics, ARGs and ARB on ecological environment and human health. Thus, the paper reviews the management strategies and removal technologies of ARGs, and proposes the future research directions regarding ARGs, so as to provide references for revealing the pollution mechanism of ARGs and reducing the transmission risk of antibiotic resistance.
- Aquaculture environment /
- Antibiotics /
- Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) /
- Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB)

HTML全文

图 1 水产环境中ARGs的来源、迁移与传播

Figure 1. Source, migration and spread behavior of ARGs in aquaculture environment

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图 2 水产养殖环境中ARGs与抗生素、微生物群落和环境因素之间的关联特性

Figure 2. Correlations between ARGs and antibiotics, microbial communities and environmental factors in aquaculture environment

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表 1 现有技术对ARGs的去除效果

Table 1. Reduction efficiency of ARGs by existing technologies

去除技术 Removal technology	去除原理 Removal principle	去除效果 Reduction efficiency	参考文献 Reference
添加大孔吸附树脂 Adding macroporous adsorption resin (MAR)	MAR是一种多孔交联聚合物，能够降低ARGs和微生物群落的丰度，并且通过吸附重金属以降低其对ARGs的协同效应和选择压力。	ARGs (14.14%~99.44%)和MGEs (47.83%~99.48%)的丰度显著降低。	[101]
UV/氯消毒 UV/chlorine	UV/氯协同作用可以有效灭活ARB、打破ARGs结构并抑制其水平转移。	UV (320 mJ·cm⁻²)/氯(2 mg·L⁻¹)协同作用下，ARGs的去除率增强了1~1.5 log。	[102]
臭氧后处理 Ozone post-treatment	臭氧具有高氧化电位 (2.07 V)，可以有效去除ARGs和ARB。	胞内ARGs (iARGs)的去除率达到89%。	[103]
高铁酸盐 Ferrate	高铁酸盐作为一种高价铁基氧化剂，其强氧化电位能够直接去除ARGs，且具备较强的杀菌效能，能够灭活携带ARGs的细菌，从而抑制其垂直转移。	高铁酸盐的剂量为10 mg-Fe·L⁻¹时，ARGs的去除率达到1.10~4.37 log。	[104]
生物过滤 Biofiltration	水体中的微生物会附着在过滤介质 (石英砂、颗粒活性炭和无烟煤等) 表面并形成生物膜。	ARGs平均丰度降低了0.97 log。	[105]
污泥处理湿地 Sludge treatment wetlands (STWs)	STWs法是传统沙干化床和垂直流人工湿地的联合技术，剩余污泥进入湿地后会形成不同污泥层，而植物在其中生长，有利于稳定污泥、减少污泥体积并去除ARGs等污染物。	磺胺类ARGs的丰度降低了21%。	[106]

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