Preliminary metabacording dietary analysis of Diaphus Splendidus in South China Sea
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摘要: 食性研究是鱼类生物学和生态学研究的重要内容，是进行渔业资源开发和管理的基础。该研究以南海亮眶灯鱼 (Diaphus splendidus) 为研究对象，提取其胃含物DNA，选用线粒体基因细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ, COI) 作为分子标记进行扩增，通过高通量测序鉴定其食物组成。结果显示，亮眶灯鱼胃含物中共鉴定出饵料生物34种，隶属于5门7纲11目18科29属。亮眶灯鱼食物组成包括介形类、桡足类、端足类、鱼类、水母类、磷虾类、翼足类和多毛类。其中介形类、桡足类和端足类是其食物组成中的优势类群，这些优势类群与形态学鉴定方法的结果基本一致，此外还检测出形态学方法未鉴定到的水母这一食物类群。研究表明宏条形码技术适用于南海亮眶灯鱼的食性分析，且比基于形态学的食性分析具有更高的鉴别潜力。Abstract: Dietary analysis of fish is an important part of fish biology and ecology as well as the basis of fishery resources development. In this study, the gastric DNA of diaphus splendidus was extracted, and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified as a molecular marker. The food composition was identified by high-throughput sequencing. The results show that a total of 34 species belonging to 5 phyla, 7 classes, 11 orders, 18 families and 29 genera. The diet of D. Splendidus mainly included Ostracoda, Copepoda, Amphipoda, Fish, Jellyfish, Euphausiacea, Gastropod and Polychaeta. Ostracoda, Copepoda and Amphipoda were the dominant groups in its food composition, which is basically consistent with the previous research based on traditional morphological identification, except for jellyfish that was identified only by this study. In conclusion, DNA metabarcoding method is suitable for the food analysis of D. Splendidus in the South China Sea, and has higher identification potential than the food analysis based on morphology.
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Key words:
- Myctophidae /
- Diaphus splendidus /
- Dietary analysis habits /
- Metabarcoding /
- Stomach content /
- South China Sea
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图 2 亮眶灯鱼胃含物相对丰度组成百分比 (纲水平)
Figure 2. Relative abundance proportion of diet composition for D. splendidus (class level)
表 1 亮眶灯鱼生物学信息
Table 1. Sampling information of D. splendidus
样品编号
Sample No.体长
Body length/mm体质量
Body mass/g摄食强度
Feeding intensityLK-1 58 2.88 1 LK-2 47 1.46 1 LK-3 56 2.89 2 LK-4 53 2.19 2 LK-5 54 2.35 1 LK-6 48 1.62 1 LK-7 47 1.69 1 LK-8 38 0.95 2 
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表 2 亮眶灯鱼肌肉和胃含物种类鉴定的PCR引物
Table 2. PCR primers for species identification and dietary analysis of D. splendidus
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表 3 亮眶灯鱼胃含物组成
Table 3. Diet composition of D. splendidus
纲
Class饵料生物
Prey species相对丰度百分比
Percentage of abundance/%排序
Rank生物类群
Biome甲壳纲 Hexanauplia 瘦乳点水蚤 Pleuromamma gracilis 0.10 20 桡足类 剑乳点水蚤 Pleuromamma xiphias 0.47 8 桡足类 腹突乳点水蚤 Pleuromamma abdominalis 0.07 24 桡足类 美丽长腹水蚤 Metridia venusta 0.13 14 桡足类 普通波水蚤 Undinula vulgaris 0.28 17 桡足类 波刺水蚤属 Undeuchaeta sp. 0.41 11 桡足类 茗荷属 Conchoderma sp. 9.83 2 桡足类 介形虫纲 Ostracoda 长拟浮萤 Paraconchoecia oblonga 0.09 22 介形类 猬刺拟浮萤 Paraconchoecia echinata 0.44 10 介形类 胖海浮萤 Halocypris inflata 77.7 1 介形类 吸海萤属 Halocypris sp. USNM IZ 1448950 0.06 27 介形类 双浮萤属 Discoconchoecia sp. S8-D6 0.67 6 介形类 短刺直浮萤 Orthoconchoecia secernenda 0.11 19 介形类 刺额葱萤 Porroecia spinirostris 0.04 30 介形类 软甲纲 Malacostraca 拟遂足磷虾 Thysanopoda aequalis 0.40 12 磷虾类 武装片戎 Vibilia armata 3.56 3 端足类 莫氏硬壳寄居蟹 Calcinus morgani 0.07 24 十足类 辐鳍亚纲 Actinopteri 半裸银斧鱼 Argyropelecus hemigymnus 0.03 31 鱼类 长银斧鱼 Argyropelecus affinis 0.07 24 鱼类 勃氏圆罩鱼 Cyclothone braueri 0.10 20 鱼类 大西洋钻光鱼 Gonostoma atlanticum 0.36 13 鱼类 离光鱼属 Woodsia sp. 0.03 32 鱼类 黑须黑巨口鱼 Melanostomias tentaculatus 0.06 27 鱼类 眶灯鱼属 Diaphus sp. 0.12 18 鱼类 吕氏眶灯鱼 Diaphus luetkeni 0.08 23 鱼类 眶暗虹灯鱼 Bolinichthys pyrsobolus 0.05 29 鱼类 后肛鱼 Opisthoproctus soleatus 0.45 9 鱼类 望远冬肛鱼 Winteria telescopa 0.59 7 鱼类 水螅纲 Hydrozoa 棍手水母属 Rhopalonema sp. 0.23 15 水母类 Botrynema sp. 2.43 4 水母类 腹足纲 Gastropoda Clio pyramidata 0.78 5 翼足类 Diacria major 0.01 34 翼足类 驼龟螺 Cavolinia gibbosa 0.02 33 翼足类 多毛纲 Polychaeta 叶须虫属 Phyllodoce sp. 11BIOAK-1631 0.16 16 多毛类
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表 4 南海海域不同灯笼鱼胃含物比较
Table 4. Diet composition of myctophidae from the South China Sea and their comparisons
生物类群
Biome亮眶灯鱼 (本研究)
D. Splendidus (this study)金鼻眶灯鱼[14]
D. chrysorhynchus瓦氏眶灯鱼[15]
D. watasei尾明角灯鱼[31]
Ceratoscopelus warmingii介形类 Ostrac oda √ √ √ √ 桡足类 Copepoda √ √ √ √ 端足类 Amphipoda √ √ √ √ 鱼类 Fish √ √ √ √ 磷虾类 Euphausiacea √ √ √ √ 腹足类 Gastropod √ √ √ 十足类 De capoda √ √ 多毛类 Polychaeta √ √ 水母类 Jellyfish √ 萤虾类 Lucifer √ 等足类 Sopoda √ 毛鄂类 Chaetognatha √ 头足类 Cephalopoda √ √
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