Effects of dietary alginate oligosaccharide on growth performance, antioxidative capacity and immune function of juvenile Trachinotus ovatus
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摘要: 采用3组实验饲料养殖225尾卵形鲳鲹 (Trachinotus ovatus) 幼鱼58 d，以不添加褐藻寡糖组(TC) 作为对照，研究0.7 g·kg−1 (A1) 和6.0 g·kg−1 (A2) 褐藻寡糖对卵形鲳鲹生长、血浆生化及免疫指标、肝脏抗氧化能力、肠道形态和Nf-κb信号通路相关基因表达的影响。结果显示，A1和A2组增重率和特定生长率显著高于TC组 (P<0.05)，A1组饲料系数显著低于TC组 (P<0.05)；A1和A2组血浆补体C3质量浓度显著高于TC组 (P<0.05)，A2组碱性磷酸酶 (AKP) 活性显著高于TC组 (P<0.05)；与TC组相比，A1和A2组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、过氧化物酶 (POD) 、谷胱甘肽还原酶 (GR) 活性和总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC) 显著升高，丙二醛 (MDA) 浓度显著降低 (P<0.05)；A1和A2组肠绒毛高度显著高于TC组 (P<0.05)；与TC组相比，A1和A2组ikk、nf-κb、tnf-α和il-8表达量显著降低，tgf-β表达量显著升高 (P<0.05)。综上，添加褐藻寡糖可以改善卵形鲳鲹肠道形态和生长性能，提高血浆免疫指标和肝脏抗氧化能力，抑制肠道Nf-κb和促炎细胞因子mRNA的转录，并促进抗炎细胞因子mRNA的转录，建议卵形鲳鲹幼鱼饲料中褐藻寡糖的添加量为0.7 g·kg−1。Abstract: Trachinotus ovatus juveniles (225 individuals) were fed for 58 d with three diets containing 0 (Control: TC), 0.7 (A1) and 6.0 g·kg−1 (A2) alginate oligosaccharide (AO) to investigate the effects of AO on the growth, plasma biochemical and immune indexes, hepatic antioxidative capacity, intestine morphology and expression of genes involved in Nf-κb signaling pathway of T. ovatus. The results show that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of T. ovatus of both A1 and A2 group were significantly higher than those of TC group (P<0.05). The feed coefficient of A1 group was significantly lower than that of TC group (P<0.05). Compared with TC group, the mass concentration of plasma C3 increased in both A1 and A2 group significantly (P<0.05), and the activity of alkaline phosphatase increased in A2 group significantly (P<0.05). Compared with TC group, the activities of SOD, CAT, POD and GR and T-AOC increased in both A1 and A2 significantly, while the concentration of MDA decreased significantly (P<0.05). The height of villus in A1 and A2 group were significantly higher than those of TC group (P<0.05). Compared with TC group, the expressions of ikk, nf-κb, tnf-α and il-8 decreased in A1 and A2 group significantly, while the expressions of tgf-β increased significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, AO supplementation in diet can improve the growth and intestine morphology of T. ovatus, enhance the plasma immune indexes and hepatic antioxidative capacity, inhibit the expression of intestinal Nf-κb and proinflammatory cytokine mRNA, and improve the expression of antiinflammatory cytokine mRNA. The suitable level of AO in diet is 0.7 g·kg−1.
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Key words:
- Trachinotus ovatus /
- Alginate oligosaccharide /
- Growth performance /
- Immunity /
- Antioxidative capacity
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图 1 摄食不同浓度褐藻寡糖饲料的卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的肠道形态 (HE 染色)
Figure 1. Intestine morphology of T. ovatus fed with different levels of dietary AO (HE staining)
图 2 卵形鲳鲹幼鱼肠道Nf-κb信号通路相关基因的相对表达量
Figure 2. Relative expression of genes involved in Nf-κb signaling pathway in gut of T. ovatus
表 1 卵形鲳鲹幼鱼实验饲料组成与近似成分
Table 1. Ingredients and proximate composition of experimental diets of juvenile T. ovatus g·(100 g)−1
原料
Ingredient饲料组 Diet group TC A1 A2 鱼粉 Fish meal 26.00 26.00 26.00 豆粕 Soybean meal 15.00 15.00 15.00 花生饼 Peanut meal 12.00 12.00 12.00 啤酒酵母 Beer yeast powder 5.00 5.00 5.00 猪肉粉 Swine by-product meal 4.00 4.00 4.00 大豆浓缩蛋白 Soy protein concentrate 8.50 8.50 8.50 小麦面粉 Wheat meal 20.00 19.93 19.40 大豆卵磷脂 Soybean lecithin 1.00 1.00 1.00 鱼油 Fish oil 6.00 6.00 6.00 维生素+矿物质预混料a Vitamin+mineral premix 1.00 1.00 1.00 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride (50%) 0.50 0.50 0.50 磷酸二氢钙 Monocalcium phosphate 0.50 0.50 0.50 褐藻寡糖 Alginate oligosaccharide 0 0.07 0.60 甜菜碱 Betaine 0.50 0.50 0.50 总计 Total 100 100 100 近似成分 Proximate composition/% 干物质 Dry matter 93.89 93.13 92.75 粗蛋白 Crude protein 43.28 42.71 42.48 粗脂肪 Crude lipid 9.38 8.99 9.62 粗灰分 Ash 11.49 11.63 11.71 注：a. 购自无锡华诺威动物保健品有限公司，按照产品说明书，每1 kg饲料中添加10 g 维生素矿物质预混料。 Note: a. Purchased from Wuxi Hanove Animal Health Products Co., Ltd., China. According to the instruction, 10 g vitamin/mineral premix was added into per 1 kg feed. 
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表 2 实时荧光定量PCR引物序列
Table 2. Sequences of primers used for real-time PCR
基因 Gene 序列 Sequence κB抑制蛋白 iκb[20] F: 5'-CCTGGAGAACTGCTGTGGAATGAG-3'
R: 3'-ATGGAGGTAGGTCAGAGCCGAAG-5'Iκb激酶 ikk[20] F: 5'-GCTGGTCCATTGCCTCCTGAAC-3'
R: 3'-GTGCCGTCTTCTCGTACAACTGG-5'核因子-κB nf-κb[21] F: 5'-TGCGACAAAGTCCAGAAAGAT-3'
R: 3'-CTGAGGGTGGTAGGTGAAGGG-5'肿瘤坏死因子-α tnf-α[21] F: 5'-CGCAATCGTAAAGAGTCCCA-3'
R: 3'-AAGTCACAGTCGGCGAAATG-5'转化生长因子-β tgf-β[21] F: 5'-TATCCCTCTACAACAGCACCA-3'
R: 3'-GGTCAGCAGGCGGTAATC-5'白细胞介素-8 il-8[21] F: 5'-GAGAAGCCTGGGAATGGA-3'
R: 3'-GAGCCTCAGGGTCTAAGCA-5'β-肌动蛋白 β-actin[21] F: 5'-TGAACCCCAAAGCCAACAGG-3'
R: 3'-CCGCAGGACTCCATACCAAG-5'
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表 3 饲料中添加褐藻寡糖对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼生长性能和饲料利用率的影响
Table 3. Effects of dietary AO on growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile T. ovatus
项目 Item 组别 Group TC A1 A2 初始体质量 Initial body mass/g 6.10±0.09 6.03±0.05 6.06±0.01 终末体质量 Final body mass/g 73.86±1.09a 84.11±1.75b 83.73±2.15b 增重率 Weight gain rate/% 1 111.72±23.29a 1 295.81±38.57b 1 281.88±37.95b 特定生长率 Specific growth rate/(%·d−1) 4.30±0.03a 4.54±0.05b 4.53±0.05b 饲料系数 Feed coefficient 1.55±0.02b 1.46±0.02a 1.51±0.03ab 成活率 Survival rate/% 98.67±1.33 100.00±0.00 92.00±6.11 脏体指数 Viscerosomatic index/% 6.72±0.16 6.46±0.24 6.90±0.23 肝体指数 Hepatosomatic index/% 1.40±0.11 1.17±0.09 1.31±0.01 肥满度 Condition factor /(g·cm−3) 3.83±0.05a 3.85±0.09a 4.10±0.06b 注：同行不同字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)，下表同此。 Note: Values with different letters within the same row have significant difference (P<0.05). The same in the following tables.
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表 4 饲料中添加褐藻寡糖对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼全鱼成分和肌肉成分的影响
Table 4. Effects of dietary AO on proximate composition of whole body and muscle of juvenile T. ovatus %
项目 Item 组别 Group TC A1 A2 全鱼 Whole body 水分 Moisture 66.82±1.13 65.99±0.83 65.81±0.46 粗蛋白 Crude protein 17.17±0.18 17.11±0.09 16.78±0.11 粗脂肪 Crude lipid 11.96±1.06 12.78±0.70 12.96±0.45 粗灰分 Ash 3.73±0.02 3.57±0.07 3.62±0.06 肌肉 Muscle 水分 Moisture 25.55±0.52 24.64±0.24 25.66±0.29 粗蛋白 Crude protein 56.44±1.18b 55.63±0.35b 52.02±0.50a 粗脂肪 Crude lipid 8.11±0.34a 8.32±0.86a 10.38±0.37b 粗灰分 Ash 3.74±0.22 3.83±0.09 3.79±0.17
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表 5 饲料中添加褐藻寡糖对卵形鲳鲹血浆生化及免疫指标的影响
Table 5. Effects of dietary AO on plasma biochemical and immune parameters of juvenile T. ovatus
项目 Item 组别 Group TC A1 A2 血糖浓度 Glucose/(mmol·L−1) 14.02±0.58b 12.21±0.51a 13.96±0.21b 甘油三酯浓度 Triglyceride/(mmol·L−1) 1.62±0.01b 1.46±0.01a 1.53±0.06ab 总蛋白质量浓度 Total protein/(g·L−1) 38.30±1.57 39.30±1.65 40.47±1.77 补体C3质量浓度 Complement C3/(mg·L−1) 40.48±1.65a 55.42±0.56b 51.30±4.92b 补体C4质量浓度 Complement C4/(mg·L−1) 54.19±2.38b 52.75±3.37b 42.34±1.46a 碱性磷酸酶活性 Alkaline phosphatase/(U·L−1) 40.00±2.31a 46.33±2.03ab 53.00±2.65b
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表 6 饲料中添加褐藻寡糖对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼肝脏抗氧化能力的影响
Table 6. Effects of dietary AO on hepatic antioxidative capacity of juvenile T. ovatus
项目 Item 组别 Group TC A1 A2 超氧化物歧化酶活性 SOD/(U·mg−1) 176.22±3.23a 211.86±1.39b 211.03±2.58b 过氧化氢酶活性 CAT/(U·mg−1) 92.82±5.07a 112.58±3.53b 141.91±2.02c 过氧化物酶活性 POD/(U·mg−1) 17.53±0.08a 21.66±0.21b 21.92±0.55b 谷胱甘肽还原酶活性 GR/(U·g−1) 2.19±0.21a 4.18±0.10b 3.77±0.15b 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性 GSH-Px/(U·mg−1) 7.66±0.42 8.12±0.17 7.72±0.48 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(mmol·g−1) 36.85±0.44a 42.03±0.61b 43.03±0.61b 丙二醛质量摩尔浓度 MDA/(nmol·g−1) 2.27±0.06b 1.81±0.07a 1.88±0.08a
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表 7 饲料中添加褐藻寡糖对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼肠道组织形态学指标的影响
Table 7. Effects of dietary AO on intestine morphological parameters of juvenile T. ovatus
μm 项目 Item 组别 Group TC A1 A2 绒毛高度 Villus height 631.53±8.72a 765.77±14.73c 726.84±2.86b 隐窝深度 Crypt depth 55.41±1.41 55.50±2.04 52.91±0.48 肌层厚度 Muscular layer thickness 243.57±25.16 250.67±6.32 248.10±12.41
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