Preliminary study on species composition of fish eggs of Meiji Reef Lagoon in South China Sea based on DNA barcoding
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摘要: 珊瑚礁是海洋鱼类的重要栖息地，具有产卵、育幼等重要的生态功能。该研究采用线粒体DNA的COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) 片段作为分子标记，鉴定了南海美济礁潟湖鱼卵，并分析了春、秋季的种类组成和季节变化特征。结果显示，美济礁鱼卵种类为37种，隶属于3目23科31属，其中33种鉴定到种，4种鉴定到属，主要为鲈形目 (种类占比91.89%，数量占比97.31%)。美济礁鱼卵生态类型主要为礁栖类群 (占比72.97%)。春季鱼卵密度为0.95粒·m–3，秋季为0.54粒·m–3。优势度大于0.001的优势鱼卵种类，春季为黑带鳞鳍梅鲷 (Pterocaesio tile)、犬牙锥齿鲷 (Pentapodus caninus)、黑斑绯鲤 (Upeneus tragula) 和青星九棘鲈 (Cephalopholis miniata) 4种；秋季为黄鳍金枪鱼 (Thunnus albacares) 和条纹眶棘鲈 (Scolopsis taenioptera) 2种。美济礁春秋季的鱼卵物种更替率高达94.59%。春、秋两季的平均分类差异指数为53.63、50.77，分类差异变异指数为111.45、31.03。结果表明，美济礁是多种珊瑚礁栖鱼类的产卵场，同时也是多种深海鱼类和大洋性洄游鱼类 (如黄鳍金枪鱼) 的产卵场；鱼卵群落结构具有明显的季节性变化，证明了珊瑚礁鱼类对特定生境的高度利用。Abstract: Coral reefs, which have important ecological functions such as spawning and rearing, are the key habitats of marine fish. In this study, COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I), part of mitochondrial DNA, was used as a marker to identify the fish eggs in Meiji Reef, and the species composition and the characteristics of seasonal variation were analyzed. The study shows that there were 37 species of fish eggs in Meiji Reef, belonging to 3 orders, 23 families and 31 genera. Most species (33 species) were successfully identified to species level while 4 species were just identified to genera level. Fish eggs mainly belonged to Perciformes (91.89% of species, 97.31 % of total number). The main ecological type of fish eggs was reef-dwelling group (72.97%). The density of fish eggs was 0.95 ind.·m–3 in spring and 0.54 ind.·m–3 in autumn. The dominant egg species was defined as having a dominance degree greater than 0.001. The dominant roe species in spring were Pterocaesio tile, Pentapodus caninus, Upeneus tragula and Cephalopholis miniata. And the dominant roe species in autumn are Thunnus albacares and Scolopsis taenioptera. The species replacement rate of fish roe in Meiji Reef between spring and autumn was as high as 94.59%. The indices of average taxonomic distinctness of spring and autumn were 53.63 and 50.77, respectively, and the indices of variation in taxonomic distinctness were 111.45 and 31.03, respectively. The results indicate that Meiji Reef is the spawning ground for a variety of commercial fishes and deep-sea fish and oceanic migratory fish (like T. albacares). The community structure of fish eggs in Meiji reef has obvious seasonal variation, reflecting that coral reef fish has high utilization of specific habitats.
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Key words:
- Ichthyoplankton /
- DNA barcoding /
- Species diversity /
- Coral reef
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图 1 美济礁调查站点图
C1—C5为春季采样点；Q1—Q5为秋季采样点；该图基于审图号为GS (2019) 5218号的标准地图制作。
Figure 1. Sampling stations in Meiji Reef
C1–C5. Sampling stations of spring; Q1–Q5. Sampling stations of autumn; this map was made based on the standard map No. GS (2019) 5218.
图 2 2019年美济礁春、秋季鱼卵种类组成和相对丰度的比较
因C5站点没有获得有效序列，只选取9个站点的物种信息进行分析。以站点 (列) 为样本进行标准化，比较各物种相对丰度差异，以0为基准，4为相对丰度最大值。
Figure 2. Comparison of species composition and relative abundance of fish eggs collected from Meiji Reef between spring and autumn in 2019
Since there was no valid sequence in C5 site, only nine sites were selected for species information analysis. The data of each station (column) was used as one sample for standardization, and the relative abundance of each species was compared, with 0 as a benchmark and 4 as the maximum.
图 3 美济礁春、秋季鱼卵平均分类差异指数 (Δ+) 和分类差异变异指数 (Λ+) 95%置信漏斗曲线
Figure 3. Funnel plot for average taxonomic distinctness (Δ+) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Λ+) with 95% confidence limit of eggs species in Meiji Reef
表 1 各站点序列数、鱼卵种数及其占比
Table 1. Number of sequences, kinds of species and proportion in each site
季节
Season采样站点
Sampling station样本
Sample/粒序列
Sequence/条物种数
Number of species百分比
Percentage/%密度
Density/(粒·m–3)春 Spring C1 62 34 4 10.81 0.95 C2 60 13 6 16.22 C3 43 24 8 21.62 C4 18 1 1 2.70 C5 36 0 — — 秋 Autumn Q1 5 1 1 2.70 0.54 Q2 38 21 10 27.03 Q3 12 10 4 10.81 Q4 31 23 8 21.62 Q1 40 22 10 27.03 
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表 2 2019年美济礁春、秋季鱼卵种类组成
Table 2. Species composition of fish eggs collected from Meiji Reef in spring and autumn, 2019
目
Order科
Family属
Genus种
Species生态
类型
Ecotype春季 Spring 秋季 Autumn 丰度
Abundance/
粒百分比
Percentage/
%优势度
Dominance丰度
Abundance/
粒百分比
Percentage/
%优势度
Dominance鲈形目
Perciformes鹦嘴鱼科
Scaridae绚鹦嘴鱼属
Calotomus凹尾绚鹦嘴鱼
C. spinidensa 1 1.41 0.000 0 0 0.00 0.000 0 银鲈科
Gerridae银鲈属
Gerres奥奈钻嘴鱼
G. oyenaa 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 半带银鲈
G. subfasciatusa 2 2.82 0.000 1 0 0.00 0.000 0 鮨科
Serranidae九棘鲈属
Cephalopholis青星九棘鲈
C. miniataa 7 9.86 0.001 4 3 3.90 0.000 3 豹纹九棘鲈
C. leopardusa 1 1.41 0.000 0 0 0.00 0.000 0 鲭科
Scombridae鲣属
Katsuwonus鲣
K. pelamisb 0 0.00 0.000 0 3 3.90 0.000 3 金枪鱼属
Thunnus黄鳍金枪鱼
T. albacaresb 0 0.00 0.000 0 21 27.27 0.012 8 鰕虎鱼科
Gobiidae钝鰕虎鱼属
Amblygobius钝鰕虎鱼属未定种1
Amblygobius sp.1a 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 须鲷科
Mullidae副绯鲤属
Arupeneus条斑副绯鲤
P. barberinusa 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 多带副绯鲤
P. multifasciatusa 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 绯鲤属
Upeneus多鳞绯鲤
U. taeniopterusa 3 4.23 0.000 3 0 0.00 0.000 0 黑斑绯鲤
U. tragulaa 9 12.68 0.002 3 4 5.19 0.000 5 笛鲷科
Lutjanidae鳞鳍梅鲷属
Pterocaesio黑带鳞鳍梅鲷
P. tilea 8 11.27 0.001 9 0 0.00 0.000 0 雀鲷科 Pomacentridae 雀鲷属
Pomacentrus孔雀雀鲷
P. pavoa 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 新雀鲷属
Neopomacentrus黄尾新雀鲷
N. azysrona 0 0.00 0.000 0 4 5.19 0.000 5 豆娘鱼属
Abudefduf梭地豆娘鱼
A. sordidusa 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 鲯鳅科
Coryphaenidae鲯鳅属
Coryphaena棘鲯鳅
C. equiselisb 0 0.00 0.000 0 2 2.60 0.000 1 大眼鲷科
Priacanthidae大眼鲷属
Priacanthus金目大眼鲷
P. hamrura 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 金线鱼科
Nemipteridae眶棘鲈属
Scolopsis眶棘鲈属未定种1
Scolopsis sp.1a 1 1.41 0.000 0 0 0.00 0.000 0 眶棘鲈属未定种2
Scolopsis sp.2a 1 1.41 0.000 0 0 0.00 0.000 0 条纹眶棘鲈
S. taeniopteraa 0 0.00 0.000 0 12 15.58 0.004 2 锥齿鲷属
Pentapodus犬牙锥齿鲷
P. caninusa 33 46.48 0.031 5 0 0.00 0.000 0 镰鱼科
Zanclidae镰鱼属
Zanclus镰鱼
Z. cornutusa 2 2.82 0.000 1 0 0.00 0.000 0 天竺鲷科
Apogonidae巨牙天竺鲷属
Cheilodipterus六线巨齿天竺鲷
C. quinquelineatusa 0 0.00 0.000 0 5 6.49 0.000 7 头齿天竺鲷属
Pristicon玫鳍头齿天竺鲷
P. rhodopterusa 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 叉齿科
Chiasmodontidae蛇牙龙䲢属
Kali诺氏蛇牙龙䲢
K. kerbertic 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 线棘细齿䲢属
Dysalotus阿氏线棘细齿䲢
D. alcockic 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 乌鲂科
Bramidae乌鲂属
Brama日本乌鲂
B. japonicab 0 0.00 0.000 0 3 3.90 0.000 3 圆鲳科
Nomeidae方头鲳属
Cubiceps少鳍方头鲳
C. pauciradiatusb 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 蛇鲭科
Gempylidae蛇鲭属
Gempylus蛇鲭
G. serpensb 0 0.00 0.000 0 2 2.60 0.000 1 隆头鱼科
Labridae钝头鱼属
Cymolutes环状钝头鱼
C. torquatusa 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 尖唇鱼属
Oxycheilinus西里伯斯尖唇鱼
O. celebicusa 0 0.00 0.000 0 3 3.90 0.000 3 鲹科
Carangidae圆鲹属
Decapterus颌圆鲹
D. macarellusa 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 白鲳科
Ephippidae燕鱼属
Platax圆翅燕鱼
P. pinnatusa 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 仙女鱼目
Aulopiformes崖蜥鱼科
Notosudidae弱蜥鱼属
Scopelosaurus弱蜥鱼属未定种1
Scopelosaurus sp.1c 0 0.00 0.000 0 1 1.30 0.000 0 合齿鱼科
Lizardfishes狗母鱼属
Synodus杂斑狗母鱼
S. variegatusa 2 2.82 0.000 1 0 0.00 0.000 0 银汉鱼目
Atheriniformes银汉鱼科
Atherinidae下银汉鱼属
Hypoatherina巴氏下银汉鱼
H. barnesib 1 1.41 0.000 0 0 0.00 0.000 0 注：a. 礁栖鱼类；b. 大洋性中上层鱼类；c. 深海鱼类；本研究中优势度≥0.001为优势鱼卵种类。 Note: a. Reef-dwelling fish; b. Oceanic pelagic fish; c. Deep-sea fish. In this study, Y≥0.001 indicates the dominant spawn species.
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表 3 相似生境的鱼卵平均分类差异指数 (Δ+) 及分类差异变异指数 (Λ+)
Table 3. Average taxonomic distinctness (Δ+) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Λ+) in similar economical systems
调查地
Survey area样本
Sample调查时间
Survey time生境类型
Habitat type纬度
Latitude平均分类差异指数
Δ+分类差异变异指数
Λ+数据来源
Data source美济礁潟湖
Meiji Reef鱼卵 春季 热带珊瑚礁 9°52'N—9°56'N 53.63 111.45 本实验 美济礁潟湖
Meiji Reef鱼卵 秋季 热带珊瑚礁 9°52'N—9°56′N 50.77 31.03 本实验 美济礁潟湖
Meiji Reef成鱼 1998—2018年 热带珊瑚礁 9°52'N—9°57'N 56.10 148.50 张俊等[31] 永暑礁潟湖
Fiery Cross Reef鱼卵 2016年春季 热带珊瑚礁 9°30'N—9°40'N 46.58 73.78 吴娜等[15]
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