尼罗罗非鱼对碳酸盐碱度耐受性研究

王艳玲; 赵岩; 陈铭; 施郁松; 徐俊; 李帅帅; 唐首杰; 赵金良

doi:10.12131/20210043

尼罗罗非鱼对碳酸盐碱度耐受性研究

doi: 10.12131/20210043

上海海洋大学/水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室/水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心，上海 201306

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”专项 (2020YFD0900400)；财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助 (CARS-46)；国家自然科学基金项目 (31602128)

详细信息

作者简介:
王艳玲 (1996—)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为鱼类遗传育种。E-mail: 250883580@qq.com

通讯作者:
赵　岩 (1983—)，男，博士，讲师，从事水产动物遗传育种与繁殖研究。E-mail: y_zhao@shou.edu.cn

中图分类号: S 917.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-21
- 修回日期: 2021-03-09
- 录用日期: 2021-04-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-19
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-30

Study on carbonate alkalinity tolerance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Shanghai Ocean University/Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education/Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201306, China

摘要

摘要: 该研究以2种规格 [ 大：(21.56±0.27) g，小：(5.92±0.03) g] 的尼罗罗非鱼 (Oreochromis niloticus) 幼鱼为研究对象，采用碳酸氢钠 (NaHCO₃) 分别配制不同浓度的碳酸盐碱水体进行3种胁迫实验：1) 将鱼由淡水直接移入碳酸盐碱度为30或22 g·L⁻¹的水体中进行高浓度碱胁迫致死；2) 将鱼由淡水直接移入碳酸盐碱度为6~10 g·L⁻¹的不同碱度组水体中进行96 h急性碱胁迫；3) 分别以+2、+4和+6 g·(L·d)⁻¹的每日碱度增加进行慢性碱驯化，探索其对碳酸盐碱度的耐受能力。结果表明，尼罗罗非鱼急性胁迫96 h的半致死碱度为6.25~9.01 g·L⁻¹，其耐碱能力虽弱于青海湖裸鲤 (Gymnocypris przewalskii) 等耐高碱鱼类，但仍强于大多淡水养殖鱼类；在幼鱼阶段，体质量增加3倍以上的尼罗罗非鱼对碳酸盐碱胁迫的耐受性显著增强；养殖中可通过2 g·(L·d)⁻¹的每日碱增加对罗非鱼进行碱驯化；互补重对数模型较好地拟合急性碱胁迫下“时间-碱度-死亡率”间关系。
- 尼罗罗非鱼 /
- 碱胁迫 /
- 耐受性 /
- 互补重对数模型
Abstract: In this study, we examined the tolerance to carbonate alkalinity of two sizes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [Large: (21.56±0.27) g, Small: (5.92±0.03) g]. Different carbonate-alkalinity solutions were prepared with NaHCO₃ to carry out the experiment: 1) The fish were directly transferred from fresh water to 30 or 22 g·L⁻¹ carbonate alkalinity solutions to determine the mortality. 2) The fish were acutely exposed to different carbonate alkalinity solutions ranging from 6 to 10 g·L⁻¹ for 96 h. 3) For chronic alkaline acclimation experiments, the carbonate concentrations increased gradually at three levels of +2, +4 and +6 g·(L·d)⁻¹. The results show that the half lethal alkalinities of Nile tilapia under acute stress for 96 h ranged from 6.25 to 9.01 g·L⁻¹. The alkaline tolerance of Nile tilapia was weaker than that of fish which adapt to extreme alkaline environment (e.g. Gymnocyprinus przewalskii), but it was still stronger than that of most freshwater cultured fish. At juvenile stage, the tolerance of Nile tilapia to carbonate stress was significantly enhanced when its body mass increased more than three times. Nile tilapia can be acclimated by daily alkaline increment of 2 g·L⁻¹. The relationship of "time-alkalinity-mortality" under acute alkaline stress can be well fitted by complementary log-log model.
- Oreochromis niloticus /
- Alkaline stress /
- Tolerance /
- Complementary log-log model

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图 1 尼罗罗非鱼随时间-碱度变化的累计死亡率观察值

Figure 1. Observed value of cumulative mortality of Nile tilapia with time-alkalinity change

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图 2 互补重对数模型拟合尼罗罗非鱼随时间-碱度变化的累计死亡率

Figure 2. Cumulative mortality of Nile tilapia estimated by CLL model with time-alkalinity change

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图 3 尼罗罗非鱼慢性碱驯化下的累计死亡率观察值

Figure 3. Observed value of cumulative mortality of Nile tilapia with gradual alkalinity

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图 4 Logistic模型拟合慢性碱驯化下尼罗罗非鱼的累计死亡率

Figure 4. Cumulative mortality of Nile tilapia estimated by Logistic model with gradual alkalinity

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表 1 基于线性回归模型尼罗罗非鱼累计死亡率的相关性分析

Table 1. Correlation analysis of cumulative mortality of Nile tilapia by linear regression model

组别 Group	胁迫时间 Stress time/h	回归方程 Regression equation	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	P	半致死浓度 LC₅₀/(g·L⁻¹)
大规格鱼 Large size fish	96	y=0.329x−2.445	0.999	0.016	8.95
小规格鱼 Small size fish	96	y=0.200x−0.750	0.998	0.028	6.25

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表 2 尼罗罗非鱼互补重对数模型的参数估计及其显著性检验

Table 2. Estimated and tested parameters of complementary log-log model of Nile tilapia

组别 Group	半致死浓度 LC₅₀/(g·L⁻¹)	条件死亡率模型 Conditional mortality model					累计死亡率模型 Cumulative mortality model
组别 Group	半致死浓度 LC₅₀/(g·L⁻¹)	参数 Parameter	系数 Coefficient	标准误 Standard error	t 检验 t test	P	参数 Parameter	系数 Coefficient
大规格鱼 Large size fish	9.01	β	21.401 1	0.150 7	142.015 9	0.000 1	β	21.401 1
		γ₄₈	−23.677 6	1.892 5	12.511 3	0.000 1	τ₄₈	−22.710 7
		γ₉₆	−21.714 4	3.050 7	7.117 8	0.000 1	τ₉₆	−20.800 2
Pearson卡方检验值 Pearson's chi square test 11.529 08<χ² _0.05=25.00，df=15，P=0.775 71>0.05 Hosmer & Lemeshow 拟合度卡方统计量 Hosmer & Lemeshow statistic value 4.900 0<χ² _0.05=15.51，df=8，P=0.768 21>0.05
小规格鱼 Small size fish	6.35	β	11.405 9	2.138 8	5.332 8	0.000 1	β	11.405 9
		γ₄₈	−12.630 2	1.894 3	6.667 5	0.000 1	τ₄₈	−11.353 7
		γ₉₆	−10.923 7	1.814 3	6.021 0	0.000 1	τ₉₆	−9.524 9
Pearson卡方检验值 Pearson's chi square test 23.255 01<χ² _0.05= 25.00，df=15，P=0.107 09>0.05 Hosmer & Lemeshow 拟合度卡方统计量 Statistic value 13.002 9<χ² _0.05= 15.51，df=8，P=0.111 75>0.05
注：P>0.05表示模型拟合效果好。 Note: P>0.05 indicates that the model shows the best performance.

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表 3 慢性碱驯化下尼罗罗非鱼累计死亡率相关分析

Table 3. Correlation Analysis of cumulative mortality of Nile tilapia with gradual alkalinity

组别 Group	碱度变化速度 Rate of alkaline change/[g·(L·d)⁻¹]	成活时间 Survival time/h	死亡碱度下限 Lower limit of dead alkalinity/(g·L⁻¹)	生存碱度上限 Upper limit of survival alkalinity/(g·L⁻¹)	半致死浓度 LC₅₀/(g·L⁻¹)	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
大规格鱼 Large size fish	+2	144	8.20	12.00	10.55	0.999
	+4	92	7.21	15.92	11.59	0.997
	+6	68	6.64	17.07	13.03	0.997
小规格鱼 Small size fish	+2	140	8.01	11.50	9.91	0.999
	+4	68	6.91	11.98	8.87	0.997
	+6	52	5.90	15.23	8.54	0.999

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表 4 常见鱼类急性胁迫96 h的半致死浓度

Table 4. 96 h LC₅₀ values of alkalinity of common fish species

种类　　　　　　 Species	规格 Size	半致死浓度 LC₅₀/(mol·L⁻¹)	文献 Reference
青海湖裸鲤 Gymnocypris przewalskii	(12.52±0.32) g	150.18×10⁻³	[13]
达里湖高原鳅 Triplophysa dalaica	(8.72±1.20) g	120.0×10⁻³	[13]
威海卡拉白鱼 Chalcalburnus chalcoides aralensis	2.60~4.62 g	112.23×10⁻³	[14]
大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus	(47.32±0.88) g	88.83×10⁻³	[13]
黄鳝 Monopterus albus	(11.82±1.51) g	75.94×10⁻³	[15]
黑龙江泥鳅 Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski)	(16.3±0.53) g	72.62×10⁻³	[13]
异育银鲫 Carassiusauratus gibelio	(28.20±3.91) g	70.368×10⁻³	[16]
达里湖鲫 Carassius auratus Linnacus	(4.16±0.47) cm	63.42×10⁻³	[17]
彭泽鲫 Carassius auratus var. pengzesis	3.26~3.68 g	59.87×10⁻³	[18]
花鲈 Lateolabrax maculatus	(3.19±0.21) cm	46.18×10⁻³	[19]
叶尔羌高原鳅 Triplophysa yarkandensis	4.64~11.39 g	35.143×10⁻³	[20]
欧鲇 Silurus glurnis Linnaeus	(0.32±0.11)~(0.73±0.12) g	5.099×10⁻³	[21]

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