盐度和钠离子/钾离子对凡纳滨对虾幼虾存活与组织结构的影响

苏家齐; 祝华萍; 朱长波; 张博; 李婷; 陈素文

doi:10.12131/20210011

盐度和钠离子/钾离子对凡纳滨对虾幼虾存活与组织结构的影响

doi: 10.12131/20210011

苏家齐^1,,
祝华萍^{1, 2},
朱长波^1, ,,
张博¹,
李婷¹,
陈素文¹

1.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室/广东省渔业生态环境重点开放实验室，广东广州 510300
2.
上海海洋大学水产与生命学院，上海 201306

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”专项“内陆盐碱水域绿洲渔业模式示范” (2020YFD0900400)；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目 (31902423)；中国水产科学研究院中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助 (2021XT0403)

详细信息

作者简介:
苏家齐 (1987—)，男，博士，助理研究员，从事水产养殖生态学研究。E-mail: sujiaqi2005@126.com

通讯作者:
朱长波 (1978—)，男，博士，研究员，从事水产养殖生态学与模式研究。E-mail: changbo@scsfri.ac.cn

中图分类号: S 966.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-08
- 修回日期: 2021-04-02
- 录用日期: 2021-04-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-30

Effects of salinity and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio on survival and histological structure of Litopenaeus vannamei

Jiaqi SU^1
,,
Huaping ZHU^{1, 2},
Changbo ZHU^{1
, ,},
Bo ZHANG¹,
Ting LI¹,
Suwen CHEN¹

1.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Development & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecological Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China
2.
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China

摘要

摘要: 通过实验生态学方法，对体质量为 (1.35±0.37) g的凡纳滨对虾 (Litopenaeus vannamei) 幼虾开展了盐度 (2、4、8、12、16) 和钠离子/钾离子 (Na⁺/K⁺) (27、50、75、100、125、150) 双因素胁迫实验，分析其对凡纳滨对虾的72 h成活率及肝胰腺和肌肉组织结构的影响。结果显示，在Na⁺/K⁺大于75的条件下，凡纳滨对虾的成活率随盐度的增加而降低；在盐度大于8的条件下，凡纳滨对虾的成活率随Na⁺/K⁺的降低而升高。在Na⁺/K⁺为27~75条件下，凡纳滨对虾的成活率均大于66.67%。Na⁺/K⁺为100条件下，凡纳滨对虾在盐度12和16下的半致死时间 (LT₅₀) 分别为69.78和60.15 h。Na⁺/K⁺为125条件下，盐度8、12和16下的LT₅₀分别为76.23、62.61和49.10 h。Na⁺/K⁺为150条件下，盐度4、8、12和16下的LT₅₀分别为87.24、68.65、59.4和39.95 h。双因素方差分析表明，Na⁺/K⁺、盐度与凡纳滨对虾幼虾第72小时的成活率存在显著交互作用。组织切片显示，当盐度大于8时，高Na⁺/K⁺对肌肉和肝胰腺组织结构产生明显影响，主要表现为细胞空泡化或自溶，组织细胞间隙变大、解体，且组织结构损伤程度随盐度的上升而加重。
- 凡纳滨对虾 /
- 低钾胁迫 /
- 盐度 /
- 成活率 /
- 半致死时间 /
- 组织切片
Abstract: By using method of experimental ecology, we studied the effects of salinity (2, 4, 8, 12, 16) and Na⁺/K⁺ (27, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150) ratio on 72 h survival rate, hepatopancreas and muscle structure of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles with body mass of (1.35 ± 0.37) g under experimental condition. The results show that survival rate of L. vannamei decreased with increasing salinity when the Na⁺/K⁺ ratio was above 75. In addition, when the water salinity was over 8, the survival rate increased with decreasing Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. The survival rate of L. vannamei was above 66.67% when the Na⁺/K⁺ ratio was 27−75. When the Na⁺/K⁺ ratio was 100, the half lethal time (LT₅₀) of L. vannamei was 69.78 and 60.15 h at salinity of 12 and 16, respectively. When the Na⁺/K⁺ ratio was 125, the LT₅₀ at salinity of 8, 12 and 16 was 76.23, 62.61 and 49.10 h, respectively. When the Na⁺/K⁺ ratio was 150, the LT₅₀ at salinity of 4, 8, 12 and 16 was 87.24, 68.65, 59.4 and 39.95 h, respectively. Based on the two-factor variance analysis, the 72 h survival rate of L. vannamei was significantly influenced by salinity, Na⁺/K⁺ ratio and their interactions (P<0.001). Histopathology observation reveals that high Na⁺/K⁺ ratio can cause abnormal histological change in shrimp muscle and hepatopancreas, such as cell vacuolation or autolysis, larger intercellular space, fuzzy and disordered boundary between tissues. In general, potassium deficiency can aggravate the tissue injury of L. vannamei with higher salinity.
- Litopenaeus vannamei /
- K⁺ deficiency /
- Salinity /
- Survival rate /
- Half lethal time /
- Tissue section

HTML全文

图 1 不同盐度和钠离子/钾离子下凡纳滨对虾幼虾的成活率

Figure 1. Survival rate of L. vannamei in artificial seawater at different Na⁺/K⁺ ratios and salinities

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同盐度和钠离子/钾离子对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺显微结构的影响 (HE 染色，200×)

a. 盐度4，钠离子/钾离子 27，示基膜 (BM) 和管腔 (L)；b. 盐度4，钠离子/钾离子 150；c. 盐度8，钠离子/钾离子 150，示肝胰腺小管基膜破损；d. 盐度12，钠离子/钾离子 150，示肝胰腺小管管腔变形；e. 盐度12，钠离子/钾离子 125；f. 盐度16，钠离子/钾离子 125，示肝胰腺小管界限模糊。

Figure 2. Effects of salinity and Na⁺/K⁺ on hepatopancreas microstructure of L. vannamei (HE staining, 200×)

a. Salinity 4, Na⁺/K⁺ 27, showing basement membranes (BM) and lumen (L); b. Salinity 4, Na⁺/K⁺ 150; c. Salinity 8, Na⁺/K⁺ 150, showing basement membranes of hepatopancreas tubule were ruptured; d. Salinity 12, Na⁺/K⁺ 150, showing lumen variant; e. Salinity 12, Na⁺/K⁺ 125; f. Salinity 16, Na⁺/K⁺ 125, showing the demarcation line of hepatopancreas tubule was blurred.

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图 3 不同盐度和钠离子/钾离子对凡纳滨对虾肌肉显微结构的影响 (HE 染色，200×)

a. 盐度4，钠离子/钾离子 27；b. 盐度4，钠离子/钾离子 150；c. 盐度8，钠离子/钾离子 150；d. 盐度12，钠离子/钾离子 150；e. 盐度12，钠离子/钾离子 125；f. 盐度16，钠离子/钾离子 125。

Figure 3. Effects of salinity and Na⁺/K⁺ on muscle microstructure of L. vannamei (HE staining, 200×)

a. Salinity 4, Na⁺/K⁺ 27; b. Salinity 4, Na⁺/K⁺ 150; c. Salinity 8, Na⁺/K⁺ 150; d. Salinity 12, Na⁺/K⁺ 150; e. Salinity 12, Na⁺/K⁺ 125; f. Salinity 16, Na⁺/K⁺ 125.

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表 1 实验用人工海水的盐度、钠离子与钾离子质量浓度和钠离子/钾离子

Table 1. Salinity, concentration of Na⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio of experimental artificial seawater mg·L⁻¹

盐度 Salinity	钠离子/钾离子 Na⁺/K⁺
盐度 Salinity	27	50	75	100	125	150
2	624.97∶23.22	643.62∶12.85	646.21∶8.62	647.51∶6.48	648.29∶5.2	648.83∶4.32
4	1 241.51∶45.78	1 277.5∶25.55	1 282.65∶17.1	1 285.24∶12.87	1 286.8∶10.29	1 287.84∶8.59
8	2 482.05∶91.94	2 552.95∶51.04	2 563.23∶34.17	2 568.4∶25.69	2 571.51∶20.58	2 573.6∶17.16
12	3 732.64∶138.46	3 838.72∶76.77	3 854.18∶51.38	3 861.95∶38.63	3 866.64∶30.93	3 869.77∶25.8
16	4 993.39∶184.15	5 134.94∶102.72	5 155.63∶68.67	5 166.02∶51.67	5 172.3∶41.37	5 176.47∶34.52
注：表中比号前后数值分别为钠离子、钾离子质量浓度。 Note: Data before and after the sign of ratio are concertations of Na⁺ and K⁺, respectively.

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表 2 不同钠离子/钾离子下凡纳滨对虾幼虾半致死时间

Table 2. Regression equation between half lethal time and salinity of juvenile L. vannamei

钠离子/钾离子 Na⁺/K⁺	盐度 Salinity	半致死时间 Half lethal time/h	实测半致死时间 Actual half lethal time/h
75	4	—	—
	8	—	—
	12	—	—
	16	81.83	—
100	4	—	—
	8	—	—
	12	69.78	63
	16	60.15	63
125	4	—	—
	8	76.23	—
	12	62.61	60
	16	49.10	45
150	4	87.24	—
	8	68.65	—
	12	59.40	60
	16	39.95	39

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表 3 不同盐度、钠离子/钾离子下凡纳滨对虾成活率

Table 3. Survival rate of L. vannamei at different salinities and Na⁺/K⁺ %

钠离子/钾离子 Na⁺/K⁺			盐度 Salinity
钠离子/钾离子 Na⁺/K⁺	2	4	8	12	16
27	90±0	93.33±5.77^a	83.33±5.77^a	86.67±5.77^a	80±0^a
50	86.67±5.77	76.67±15.28^ab	76.67±5.77^ab	83.33±11.55^a	76.67±15.28^a
75	83.33±11.55	76.7±15.28^ab	80±10^ab	73.33±5.77^a	66.67±5.78^a
100	83.33±5.77^A	86.67±5.77^abA	80±10^abA	43.33±15.28^bB	33.33±5.78^bB
125	83.33±5.77^A	83.33±11.55^abA	66.67±5.77^bcB	43.33±5.78^bC	13.33±5.78^cD
150	80±10^A	70±10^bAB	60±10^cB	20±10^cC	0
双因子方差分析结果 Two-way analysis of variance
盐度 Salinity	S (<0.001)
钠离子/钾离子 Na⁺/K⁺	S (<0.001)
交互 Salinity×Na⁺/K⁺	S (<0.001)
注：同列不同小写字母上标表示差异显著 (P<0.05)；同行不同大写字母上标表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 Note: Values with different lowercase superscripts within the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05); values with different uppercase superscripts within the same row indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

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