肌醇对不同盐度条件下凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长和代谢的影响

何桂伦; 易远名; 杨奇慧; 谭北平; 迟淑艳; 刘泓宇

doi:10.12131/20200186

肌醇对不同盐度条件下凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长和代谢的影响

doi: 10.12131/20200186

广东海洋大学水产学院/水产动物营养与饲料实验室，广东湛江 524088

基金项目: 广东省社会发展计划项目“海洋高效微生态制剂的开发利用与产业化” (2013B021100017)

详细信息

作者简介:
何桂伦 (1993—)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料。E-mail: 2432526199@qq.com

通讯作者:
杨奇慧 (1978—)，女，教授，博士，从事水产动物营养与饲料研究。E-mail: qihuiyang03@163.com

中图分类号: S 963.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-26
- 修回日期: 2021-09-07
- 录用日期: 2021-10-11
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-27
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-05

Effects of inositol on growth and metabolism for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei at different salinities

Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University/Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究肌醇对不同盐度 (4和28) 条件下凡纳滨对虾 (Litopenaeus vannamei) 幼虾生长、血清生化指标和非特异性免疫的影响，选取初始体质量为 (0.75±0.03) g的凡纳滨对虾为研究对象，以添加0、100、200、400、800和1 600 mg∙kg⁻¹肌醇的6种等氮等脂饲料持续投喂10 周。结果表明，高盐度对虾终末体质量、增重率、成活率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质净利用率、总胆固醇含量、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、总超氧化物歧化酶和一氧化氮合酶显著高于低盐度 (P<0.05)，饲料系数和水分则相反。饲料系数和总胆固醇含量随饲料中肌醇水平的升高而降低，终末体质量、增重率、成活率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率和蛋白质净利用率则相反，肌醇添加组的肝体比、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)。综上，饲料中添加肌醇可促进凡纳滨对虾的生长发育，提高其成活率和非特异性免疫力；低盐条件下凡纳滨对虾的生长发育和免疫力受抑制，肌醇水平不低于100 mg∙kg⁻¹能使其生长发育恢复至高盐水平，不低于200 mg∙kg⁻¹可在一定程度上提高其免疫力。
- 凡纳滨对虾 /
- 肌醇 /
- 盐度 /
- 生长 /
- 血清生化指标 /
- 非特异性免疫
Abstract: To study the effects of inositol on the growth, serum biochemical indices, and non-specific immunity of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei at different salinities (4 and 28), we fed the shrimps of the initial body mass of (0.75±0.00) g with six diets containing 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1 600 mg∙kg⁻¹ inositol for 10 weeks, respectively. The results show that the final body mass, weight gain rate, survival rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency, net protein utilization, total cholesterol, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, total superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide synthase were significantly higher at high salinity than at low salinity (P<0.05); while the feed coefficient and moisture were the reverse. The feed coefficient and total cholesterol content decreased with increasing inositol levels in the diet, but the final body mass, weight gain rate, survival rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency and net protein utilization increased, and the hepatopancreas somatic indices, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in inositol-added groups than in the control group (P<0.05). In summary, feeding inositol diets are recommended to improve shrimp's growth, survival and immutability; shrimp's growth and immunity are suppressed at low salinity; feeding higher than 100 mg∙kg⁻¹ inositol diets can restore the growth to a high salinity level, and feeding higher than 200 mg∙kg⁻¹ inositol diets can improve shrimp's immunity.
- Litopenaeus vannamei /
- Inositol /
- Salinity /
- Growth /
- Serum biochemical index /
- Non-specific immunity

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表 1 实验饲料组成及营养水平 (干物质基础)

Table 1. Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (dry mass basis)

原料 Ingredient	质量分数 Mass fraction/%
红鱼粉 Brown fish meal	16.00
酪蛋白 Casein	28.00
明胶 Gelatin	7.00
高筋面粉 Bread flour	25.00
磷脂 Phospholipid	2.00
鱼油 Fish oil	2.00
豆油 Soy oil	2.00
磷酸二氢钙 Ca(H₂PO₄)₂	1.50
V_C单聚磷酸酯 V_C monopoly phosphate	0.02
去肌醇维生素预混料 Vitamin premix^①	1.00
矿物质预混料 Mineral premix^②	2.00
胆碱 Choline	0.10
微晶纤维素+肌醇 Microcrystalline cellulose + Inositol	13.38
合计 Total	100.00
营养成分 Nutritional ingredient
粗蛋白 Crude protein	40.00
粗脂肪 Crude fat	6.50
注：① 每千克饲料中维生素预混料各组分质量 (mg)：泛酸钙61.00，氰钴胺素0.10，纤维素1389.65，核黄素25.00，烟酸201.00，V_D 120.00，叶酸 6.25，V_A 10，V_E 99.00，生物素2.50，V_K 10.00，V_B₁ 25.50，吡哆醇50.00。② 每千克饲料中矿物质预混料各组分质量 (mg)：NaSeO₃ 4.00，KIO₄ 0.06，CuSO₄·5H₂O 39.68，MnSO₄·7H₂O 0.24，MgSO₄·H₂O 24.86，Ca(PO₄)₂ 160.00，KCl 30.66，沸石粉1648.38，柠檬酸铁 27.42，CoCl₂·6H₂O 8.14，ZnSO₄·7H₂O 56.56。 Note: ① Content of each component of vitamin premix per kg of feed (mg): calcium pantothenate 61.00, cyanocobalamine 0.10, cellulose 1389.65, riboflavin 25.00, niacin 201.00, V_D 120.00, folic acid 6.25, V_A 10, V_E 99.00, biotin 2.50, V_K 10.00, V_B₁ 25.50, pyridoxine 50.00. ② Content of each component of mineral premix per kg of feed (mg): NaSeO₃ 4.00, KIO₄ 0.06, CuSO₄·5H₂O 39.68, MnSO₄·7H₂O 0.24, MgSO₄·H₂O 24.86, Ca(PO₄)₂ 160.00, KCl 30.66, zeolite powder 1648.38, ferric citrate 27.42, CoCl₂·6H₂O 8.14, ZnSO₄·7H₂O 56.56.

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表 2 肌醇对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能的影响

Table 2. Effects of inositol on growth performance for juvenile L. vannamei

组别 Group	终末体质量 FW/g	增重率 WG/%	成活率 SR/%	特定生长率 SGR/%	饲料系数 FC	蛋白质效率 PER
每个处理的平均值 Individual treatment means
LJ0	5.75±0.77^e	672.19±106.85^e	63.33±7.63^d	2.91±0.19^g	6.77±1.80^a	0.32±0.09^g
LJ1	9.16±0.52^cd	1 129.56±68.51^cd	69.16±12.33^cd	3.58±0.08^ef	3.51±0.76^b	0.59±0.11^f
LJ2	9.14±0.19^cd	1 126.01±28.16^cd	85.00±5.00^ab	3.58±0.03^ef	2.70±0.14^bcd	0.76±0.03^e
LJ3	9.90±0.46^c	1 229.81±61.35^c	92.50±4.33^a	3.69±0.06^de	2.23±0.14^cde	0.91±0.05^cd
LJ4	10.91±0.29^b	1 358.14±39.26^b	88.33±6.29^ab	3.82±0.03^cd	2.13±0.12^cde	0.95±0.05^c
LJ5	11.54±0.27^b	1 446.59±30.24^b	93.33±2.88^a	3.91±0.02^bc	1.79±0.01^de	1.10±0.01^b
HJ0	8.84±0.19^d	1 079.98±42.62^d	78.33±7.63^bc	3.45±0.02^f	3.01±0.27^bc	0.63±0.05^f
HJ1	9.45±0.37^cd	1 163.08±85.80^cd	90.00±4.33^a	3.62±0.09^e	2.45±0.28^cde	0.81±0.09^de
HJ2	11.02±0.17^b	1 369.97±39.30^b	92.50±2.50^a	3.79±0.05^cd	1.94±0.05^cde	0.98±0.02^c
HJ3	11.45±0.47^b	1 432.89±115.96^b	93.33±2.88^a	3.91±0.07^bc	1.81±0.09^de	1.13±0.05^b
HJ4	12.49±0.17^a	1 570.03±38.17^a	89.16±1.44^a	4.02±0.03^ab	1.65±0.04^de	1.15±0.03^b
HJ5	12.96±0.13^a	1 631.10±35.36^a	95.83±1.44^a	4.07±0.02^a	1.42±0.03^e	1.34±0.02^a
单个因子的平均值 Means of single factor
J0	7.29^E	876.09^E	70.83^B	3.18^D	4.89^A	0.47^E
J1	9.30^D	1 146.32^D	79.58^B	3.60^C	2.98^B	0.70^D
J2	10.08^C	1 247.99^C	88.75^A	3.68^C	2.32^BC	0.87^C
J3	10.68^B	1 331.35^B	92.91^A	3.80^B	2.02^C	1.02^B
J4	11.70^A	1 464.09^A	88.75^A	3.92^A	1.89^C	1.05^B
J5	12.25^A	1 538.84^A	94.58^A	3.99^A	1.60^C	1.22^A
L	9.40^x	1 160.38^x	81.94^x	3.58^x	3.19^y	0.77^x
H	11.04^y	1 374.51^y	89.96^y	3.81^y	2.04^x	1.01^y
双因素分析P值 P-value of Two-way ANOVA
盐度因素 Salinity factor	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
肌醇因素 Inositol factor	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
交互作用 Interaction	0.002	0.002	0.026	0.000	0.000	0.652
注：同列的不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05)；A、B、C、D、E代表饲料因素；x、y代表盐度因素；下表同此。 Note: Values with different lowercase letters within the same column have significant difference (P<0.05). The diet factor is represented by A, B, C, D and E; the salinity factor is represented by x and y, the same below.

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表 3 肌醇对凡纳滨对虾幼虾体成分的影响 (干物质基础)

Table 3. Effects of inositol on body composition for juvenile L. vannamei (dry matter basis)

组别 Group	肝体比 HSI	水分 Moisture/%	粗蛋白 Crude protein/%	粗脂肪 Crude lipid/%	粗灰分 Ash/%	蛋白质净利用率 NPU/%
每个处理的平均值 Individual treatment means
LJ0	3.15±0.11^c	76.63±0.78^abc	75.57±0.20	12.46±1.58	13.27±0.48	4.49±1.32^g
LJ1	3.63±0.24^ab	77.64±1.89^a	75.91±1.86	11.49±0.25	13.15±0.42	8.75±1.92^f
LJ2	3.82±0.1^ab	76.83±0.71^ab	76.37±1.10	10.42±1.75	13.24±0.25	10.88±0.65^e
LJ3	3.81±0.07^ab	75.44±0.11^bcde	76.03±1.63	11.78±2.43	12.98±0.49	13.10±1.02^d
LJ4	3.90±0.02^a	75.92±0.13^bcde	76.39±0.76	10.97±0.16	13.13±0.45	13.55±0.64^d
LJ5	3.64±0.10^ab	76.14±0.71 ^bcd	76.33±0.48	11.13±0.84	12.92±0.04	16.38±0.07^bc
HJ0	3.45±0.13^bc	74.77±0.50^de	75.57±0.20	12.46±0.91	13.27±0.28	10.16±0.86^ef
HJ1	3.45±0.26^bc	75.28±0.71^cde	75.91±1.86	11.49±0.14	13.15±0.24	12.82±1.41^d
HJ2	3.51±0.33^bc	75.28±0.40^cde	76.37±1.10	10.42±1.01	13.24±0.14	15.74±0.37^bc
HJ3	3.81±0.28^ab	75.04±0.83^de	76.03±1.63	11.78±1.40	12.98±0.28	15.27±0.82^c
HJ4	3.90±0.16^a	75.56±0.37^bcde	76.39±0.76	10.97±0.09	13.13±0.26	17.11±0.48^b
HJ5	3.61±0.20^ab	74.60±0.38^e	76.33±0.48	11.13±0.49	12.92±0.02	19.48±0.33^a
单个因子的平均值 Means of single factor
J0	3.30^D	75.70	75.57	12.46	13.271	7.32^E
J1	3.54^C	76.46	75.91	11.49	13.153	10.79^D
J2	3.67^ABC	76.05	76.37	10.42	13.244	13.31^C
J3	3.81^AB	75.24	76.30	11.78	12.981	14.19^BC
J4	3.90^A	75.74	76.39	10.97	13.131	15.33^B
J5	3.62^BC	75.37	76.33	11.13	12.925	17.93^A
L	3.66	76.44^y	76.10	11.37	13.12	11.19^x
H	3.62	75.09^x	76.19	11.37	13.11	15.10^y
双因素分析P值 P-value of Two-way ANOVA
盐度因素 Salinity factor	0.564	0.000	0.814	0.992	0.964	0.000
肌醇因素 Inositol factor	0.001	0.111	0.740	0.089	0.372	0.000
交互作用 Interaction	0.197	0.189	0.997	1.000	1.000	0.058

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表 4 肌醇对凡纳滨对虾幼虾血清生化指标影响

Table 4. Effects of inositol on serum biochemical indexes for juvenile L. vannamei

组别 Group	总蛋白质量浓度 TP/(g∙L⁻¹)	甘油三酯浓度 TG/(mmol∙L⁻¹)	总胆固醇浓度 TC/(mmol∙L⁻¹)	葡萄糖浓度 Glu/(mmol∙L⁻¹)
每个处理的平均值 Individual treatment means
LJ0	61.80±8.09	0.45±0.04	1.63±0.36^bc	0.74±0.09^b
LJ1	63.63±3.97	0.41±0.04	1.35±0.36^bcd	0.89±0.11^ab
LJ2	65.00±8.75	0.42±0.02	1.38±0.18^bcd	0.90±0.12^ab
LJ3	66.00±7.56	0.39±0.04	1.16±0.31^cd	0.97±0.06^ab
LJ4	67.33±10.58	0.33±0.03	1.13±0.22^cd	0.97±0.24^ab
LJ5	70.00±6.32	0.33±0.05	0.91±0.18^d	1.36±0.94^a
HJ0	59.76±4.70	0.60±0.51	2.53±0.34^a	0.85±0.07^ab
HJ1	59.66±8.63	0.46±0.06	1.90±0.45^b	0.98±0.09^ab
HJ2	62.86±2.61	0.42±0.04	1.94±0.53^b	1.04±0.14^ab
HJ3	69.80±6.10	0.42±0.05	1.81±0.40^b	1.17±0.14^ab
HJ4	61.03±1.76	0.33±0.18	1.74±0.22^bc	1.35±0.10^a
HJ5	64.30±8.65	0.34±0.02	1.40±0.29^bcd	1.38±0.18^a
单个因子的平均值 Means of single factor
J0	62.38	0.52	2.08^A	0.79
J1	63.52	0.43	1.63^B	0.94
J2	63.25	0.42	1.66^B	1.13
J3	68.57	0.41	1.49^BC	1.17
J4	64.83	0.33	1.43^BC	1.00
J5	63.05	0.33	1.15^C	1.27
L	65.62	0.39	1.26^x	0.97
H	62.90	0.43	1.89^y	1.13
双因素分析P值 P-value of Two-way ANOVA
盐度因素 Salinity factor	0.254	0.476	0.000	0.140
肌醇因素 Inositol factor	0.682	0.358	0.003	0.125
交互作用 Interaction	0.573	0.960	0.928	0.491

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表 5 肌醇对凡纳滨对虾幼虾部分非特异性免疫酶活的影响

Table 5. Effects of inositol on some non-specific immunoenzyme activities for juvenile L. vannamei

组别 Group	酸性磷酸酶 ACP/(U∙100 mL⁻¹)	碱性磷酸酶 AKP/(U∙100 mL⁻¹)	总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U∙mL⁻¹)	一氧化氮合成酶 NOS/(U∙100 mL⁻¹)
每个处理的平均值 Individual treatment means
LJ0	5.75±0.19^cd	1.85±0.04^f	280.13±56.22^de	22.61±0.66^f
LJ1	6.02±0.11^bcd	1.88±0.04^ef	285.73±37.71^cde	22.48±1.85^f
LJ2	6.37±0.42^b	2.11±0.05^d	248.77±23.40^e	24.48±1.14^def
LJ3	6.24±0.08^b	2.03±0.03^d	249.16±2.88^e	26.62±3.03^def
LJ4	6.34±0.11^b	2.02±0.19^de	254.07±4.59^e	24.09±0.40^ef
LJ5	6.05±0.18^bc	2.43±0.09^bc	263.80±10.85^e	26.28±2.34^def
HJ0	5.58±0.33^d	2.34±0.06^c	282.26±12.58^de	28.69±1.29^cd
HJ1	6.14±0.09^bc	2.69±0.09^a	319.24±16.30^bcd	30.96±3.42^c
HJ2	6.83±0.39^a	2.39±0.06^bc	335.03±13.24^ab	35.17±3.41^b
HJ3	6.86±0.26^a	2.53±0.07^b	367.56±22.07^a	47.56±4.17^a
HJ4	6.33±0.28^b	2.46±0.10^bc	326.23±7.31^abc	31.56±1.58^bc
HJ5	6.14±0.27^bc	2.47±0.07^bc	340.85±10.30^ab	27.79±0.55^cde
单个因子的平均值 Means of single factor
J0	5.66^C	2.09^C	281.19	25.65^C
J1	6.08^B	2.28^B	302.48	26.72^C
J2	6.60^A	2.25^B	291.90	29.82^B
J3	6.55^A	2.28^B	308.36	37.09^A
J4	6.33^AB	2.24^B	290.15	27.82^BC
J5	6.09^B	2.45^A	302.32	27.03^BC
L	6.12^x	2.05^x	263.61^x	24.42^x
H	6.31^y	2.48^y	328.52^y	33.62^y
双因素分析P值 P-value of Two-way ANOVA
盐度因素 Salinity factor	0.038	0.000	0.000	0.000
肌醇因素 Inositol factor	0.000	0.000	0.379	0.000
交互作用 Interaction	0.103	0.000	0.004	0.000

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