Experimental starvation of Plectropomus leopardus larvae and study of point of no return
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摘要: 采用实验生态学方法研究了饥饿对豹纹鳃棘鲈(Plectropomus leopardus)仔鱼形态发育、生长和成活的影响,并测定了饥饿仔鱼的初次摄食率和不可逆点(PNR)。结果显示,水温23~24 ℃下豹纹鳃棘鲈仔鱼2.5 DPH(孵化后天数)开口摄食,3.0 DPH卵黄囊和油球消失,混合营养期仅0.5 d,容易遭受饥饿胁迫。饥饿仔鱼最高初次摄食率为65%,出现在3.5 DPH; PNR发生在4.5~5.0 DPH,仔鱼具有初次摄食能力的时间仅2.0~2.5 d。对照组和饥饿组仔鱼在3.5 DPH前全长无明显差异(P>0.05),之后饥饿组仔鱼出现生理性萎缩,全长开始与对照组差异显著(P < 0.05)。饥饿组仔鱼在内源性营养消耗完毕后出现了一系列因饥饿所导致的形态发育特征,并于6.5 DPH全部死亡,因此豹纹鳃棘鲈仔鱼最佳投喂时间为2.5~3.5 DPH。Abstract: In the present study, we investigated the effects of starvation on morphological development, growth and survival of Plectropomus leopardus larvae using experimental ecological method, and determined the initial feeding rate and point of no return (PNR) of the starved larvae. The results show that the larvae began to eat on 2.5 days post hatch (DPH) following by disappearance of yolk sac and oil globule on 3.0 DPH at water temperature of 23~24 ℃. Therefore, the larvae were vulnerable to starvation stress with only 0.5-day mixed vegetative period. The highest initial feeding rate was 65% on 3.5 DPH. The PNR was detected on 4.5~5.0 DPH, with only 2.0~2.5 d of initial feeding. The average total length in the starved group was not significantly different from that of control group before 3.5 DPH (P > 0.05), but after then it decreased significantly compared with the control group because of physiological atrophy (P < 0.05). After endogenous nutrients being absorbed completely, a series of hunger-induced morphological characteristics appeared in starved group and all larvae died on 6.5 DPH. In conclusion, the optimum initial feeding time for P.leopardus is 2.5~3.5 DPH.
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Key words:
- Plectropomus leopardus /
- larvae /
- starvation /
- point of no return
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表 1 豹纹鳃棘鲈仔鱼卵黄囊和油球的吸收
Table 1. Yolk sac and oil globule absorption of P.leopardus larvae
日龄
DPH组别
group油球直径/mm
diameter of oil globule油球体积/mm3
volume of oil globule卵黄囊长径/mm
length of yolk sac卵黄囊短径/mm
short of yolk sac卵黄囊体积/mm3
volume of yolk sac0 未分组 0.17±0.01 0.002 6±0.000 4 0.84±0.08 0.54±0.08 0.130 5±0.046 0 0.5 对照组 0.16±0.01 0.002 2±0.000 5 0.66±0.05 0.36±0.02 0.045 6±0.007 1 饥饿组 0.16±0.01 0.002 3±0.000 5 0.67±0.06 0.36±0.02 0.046 3±0.007 8 1.0 对照组 0.15±0.01 0.001 9±0.000 4 0.53±0.06 0.31±0.04 0.028 1±0.010 0 饥饿组 0.15±0.01 0.001 8±0.000 5 0.52±0.06 0.31±0.04 0.026 6±0.009 2 1.5 对照组 0.13±0.03 0.001 4±0.001 2 0.28±0.03 0.21±0.01 0.006 7±0.001 4 饥饿组 0.12±0.01 0.001 0±0.000 3 0.28±0.04 0.21±0.01 0.006 5±0.001 6 2.0 对照组 0.09±0.02 0.000 4±0.000 2 0.19±0.02 0.16±0.01 0.002 6±0.000 6 饥饿组 0.09±0.01 0.000 4±0.000 1 0.18±0.01 0.16±0.01 0.002 4±0.000 3 2.5 对照组 0.05±0.01 0.000 1±0.000 0 0.12±0.01 0.09±0.02 0.000 5±0.000 3 饥饿组 0.05±0.00 0.000 1±0.000 0 0.11±0.02 0.08±0.02 0.000 4±0.000 2 3.0 对照组 - - 饥饿组 0.03±0.00 0.000 02±0.000 01 表 2 饥饿对豹纹鳃棘鲈仔鱼生长的影响
Table 2. Effect of starvation on growth of P.leopardus larvae
日龄
DPH对照组仔鱼全长/mm
total length of control group larvae饥饿组仔鱼全长/mm
total length of starved group larvae范围
range平均值±标准差
X±SD差异系数/%
CV范围
range平均值±标准差
X±SD差异系数/%
CV0 1.78~2.07 1.96±0.10 5.39 1.78~2.07 1.96±0.10 5.39 0.5 2.21~2.43 2.34±0.06 2.40 2.20~2.45 2.34±0.06 2.43 1.0 2.22~2.51 2.39±0.09 3.73 2.09~2.49 2.35±0.12 5.31 1.5 2.30~2.53 2.46±0.07 2.83 2.26~2.52 2.44±0.07 3.01 2.0 2.44~2.63 2.50±0.06 2.46 2.41~3.55 2.48±0.05 2.01 2.5 2.36~2.63 2.51±0.08 3.20 2.34~3.61 2.49±0.08 3.09 3.0 2.47~2.65 2.53±0.06 2.21 2.45~2.70 2.55±0.06 2.21 3.5 2.50~2.72 2.60±0.06 2.29 2.52~2.68 2.59±0.05 1.82 4.0 2.58~2.83 2.77±0.10a 3.62 2.45~2.71 2.57±0.08b 3.12 4.5 2.53~2.98 2.84±0.11a 3.92 2.44~2.58 2.52±0.05b 1.89 5.0 2.68~3.15 3.07±0.14a 4.69 2.34~2.63 2.52±0.08b 3.08 5.5 2.79~3.32 3.13±0.12a 3.96 2.28~2.54 2.45±0.08b 3.38 6.0 3.09~3.41 3.27±0.12a 3.70 2.20~2.48 2.40±0.07b 3.10 注:1.差异系数=标准差/平均值×100%;2.同日龄同指标的不同上标字母表示组间差异显著(P < 0.05)
Note:1. CV= SD/X×100%;2. The values for the same age and same index with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05). -
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