Research on the Skeleton System of Thunnus tonggol
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摘要: 为揭示青干金枪鱼 (Thunnus tonggol) 骨骼形态特征,文章采用X-ray透视成像系统及骨骼标本制作法开展相关研究。结果显示,青干金枪鱼骨骼包括附肢骨骼和中轴骨骼两个部分,其中附肢骨骼包括带骨和支鳍骨,中轴骨骼包括头骨、脊柱和尾骨。青干金枪鱼头部骨骼分为脑颅和咽颅两部分,脑颅主要包括嗅区、额眼区、蝶骨区和枕骨区,咽颅即包围在消化管前端的骨骼,包括颌弓、舌弓、鳃弓和鳃盖骨系。青干金枪鱼脊柱则由39枚脊椎骨前后衔接构成,其中第35至第38节椎体的髓棘和脉棘向后延伸变形成尾上骨和尾下骨,第39节椎体演变成尾杆骨。开展青干金枪鱼骨骼系统的研究不仅丰富了金枪鱼属鱼类生物学基础,也为其分类及演化提供相关参考。Abstract: In order to reveal the bone morphology of Thunnus tonggol, we studied its skeletal system by X-ray fluoroscopy imaging and manufacturing technique of bone specimen. It is found that the skeleton of T. tonggol consists of appendicular skeleton and axial skeleton. Its appendicular skeleton includes belt bone and branched fin bone, and the axial skeleton consists of skull, spine and coccyx. The cranial skeleton of T. tonggol consists of neurocranium and splanchnocranium. The neurocranium is divided into five parts: ethmoidale, frontale, sphenoid and occipitale. The splanchnocranium is surrounded by the bones at the front of the digestive tube, and it includes arcus mandibularis, arcus hyoideus, arcus branchialis and opercular bones. The spine of T. tonggol is composed of 39 vertebraes, and the neural spine and haemal spine of the 35th–38th centrum deformed into epural and hypural. The 39th centrum evolved into the urostyle. The study on skeletal system of T. tonggol not only enriches the biological basis of the genus Tunas, but also provides references for its classification and evolution.
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图 2 青干金枪鱼X-ray成像及附肢骨骼
Af. 臀鳍;Cf. 尾鳍;Df. 背鳍;Pcf. 胸鳍;Pif. 腹鳍;Ptg. 肩带;Plg. 腰带;D. 齿骨;M. 上颌骨;Pm. 前颌骨;V. 脊柱;Dr. 背肋;Vr. 腹肋;Sc. 上匙骨;Sl. 肩胛骨;Cl. 匙骨;Cd. 乌喙骨;In. 无名骨;An. 支鳍骨;Mp. 间鳍骨
Figure 2. X-ray scan of T. tonggol and its skeleton appendiculare
Af. Anal fin; Cf. Caudal fin; Df. Dorsal fin; Pcf. Pectoral fin; Pif. Pelvic fin; Ptg. Pectoral girdle; Plg. Pelvic girdles; D. Dentary; M. Maxilla; Pm. Premaxilla; V. Vertebra; Dr. Dorsal rib; Vr. Ventral rib; Sc. Sapra clavicle; Sl. Spealbone; Cl. Cleithrum; Cd. Coracoil; In. Innominatum; An. Actinost; Mp. Middle pterygiophore
图 3 青干金枪鱼头部骨骼
D. 齿骨;M. 颌骨;Pm. 前颌骨;Op. 鳃盖骨;Iop. 间鳃盖骨;Pop. 前鳃盖骨;Sop. 下鳃盖骨;Pro. 眶前骨;Poo. 眶后骨;Pas. 副蝶骨;F. 额骨;P. 顶骨;Pt. 翼耳骨;Epo. 上耳骨;prm. 前耳骨;Opo. 后耳骨;So. 上枕骨;Bo. 基枕骨;Exo. 侧枕骨;Vo. 犁骨;Pe. 前筛骨;N. 鼻骨;Me. 中筛骨;Le. 侧筛骨;Sp. 蝶耳骨;Bhy. 基舌骨;Chy. 角舌骨;Hy. 下舌骨;Ehy. 上舌骨;Uhy. 尾舌骨;Ihy. 间舌骨;Bsc. 基鳃骨;RB. 鳃条骨;Ba. 鳃弓
Figure 3. Head bone of T. tonggol
D. Dentary; M. Maxilla; Pm. Premaxilla; Op. Opercle; Iop. Interopercle; Pop. Preopercle; Sop. Subopercle; Pro. Preorbital; Poo. Postorbital; Pas. Parasphenoid; F. Frantal; P. Parietal; Pt. Pterotic; Epo. Epiotic; So. Supraoccipital; Bo. Basioccipital; Exo. Exoccipital; Vo. Vomer; Pe. Preethmoid; N. Nasal; Me. Mesoethmoid; Le. Lateral ethmoid; Sp. Sphenotic; Bhy. Basihyoid; Chy. Cerohyoid; Hy. Hypohyoieum; Ehy. Epihymenium; Uhy. Urohyal; Ihy. Interhyoideum; Bsc. Basibranchial; RB. Radii branchiostegi; Ba. Branchial arch
图 4 青干金枪鱼脊柱与尾骨
Na. 髓弓; Ns. 髓棘; Ha. 脉弓; Hs. 脉棘; Ch. 脉管; Tp. 椎体横突; Ce. 椎体; paa. 前关节突; pap. 后关节突;Bo. 基枕骨; Ep. 尾上骨; Hy. 尾下骨; Ur. 尾杆骨; Cf. 尾鳍
Figure 4. Spinal and appendage bones of T. tonggol
Na. Neural arch; Ns. Neural spine; Ha. Haemal arch; Hs. Haemal spine; Ch. Canalis haemalis; Tp. Transverse process of centrum; Ce. Centrum; paa. Processus articularis anterior; pap. Processus articularis posterior; Bo. Basioccipital, Ep. Epural; Hy. Hypural; Ur. Urostyle; Cf. Caudal fin
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