Observation on embryonic development, morphology and growth of larvae and juveniles of Aspiorhynchus laticeps
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摘要: 文章采用干法受精获取受精卵的方法，对扁吻鱼(Aspiorhynchus laticeps)胚胎发育和仔稚鱼的形态变化进行观察。研究结果表明，扁吻鱼卵为沉性卵，卵细胞呈青灰色、微黏性。该次孵化共获取成熟卵21.45×104粒，受精率88.95%，孵化率93.27%。扁吻鱼成熟卵卵径 (2.46±0.13) mm，受精卵吸水后膨胀，卵径 (3.42±0.15) mm。根据胚胎发育的外部形态和典型特征将其分为受精卵、胚盘形成、卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚、器官分化和孵化共8个阶段，整个胚胎发育耗时115.72 h，所需积温3 765.42 ℃·h。初孵仔鱼全长 (7.58±0.31) mm，从初孵到卵黄吸收完全历时9 d，全长特定生长率为 (3.63±0.68)%。仔鱼后期历时36 d，全长特定生长率为 (3.51±2.10)%。稚鱼期历时63 d，全长特定生长率为 (1.32±0.17)%，与仔鱼前期和仔鱼后期差异显著 (P<0.05)。1年后幼鱼全长 (15.71±0.89) cm，体质量 (28.29±6.15) g，体色和体型接近成鱼。Abstract: In this study, the embryonic development and morphological changes of larvae and juveniles of Aspiorhynchus laticeps were observed by dry fertilization. The results show that the eggs were sinking eggs, and the color of egg cells was bluish gray and slightly sticky. A total of 21.45×104 mature eggs were obtained and the average of fertilization rate and hatching rate were 88.95% and 93.27%, respectively. The diameter of mature eggs was (2.46±0.13) mm, and that of fertilized eggs was (3.42±0.15) mm. According to the external morphology and typical characteristics of embryo development, it can be divided into eight stages: fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst, gastrula, neuroembryo, organ differentiation and hatching. It took 115.5 h for the whole embryo to develop, and the total accumulative temperature was 3 765.42 ℃·h. The total length of newly hatched larvae was (7.58±0.31) mm. The development of prelarva from hatching to yolk absorption took approximately 9 d, and the specific growth rate (SGR) of total length was (3.63±0.68)% and that of total length was (3.51±2.10)%. The juvenile period lasted 63 d and the SGR of total length was (1.32±0.17)%, significantly different from those of early and late larval stages (P<0.05). The total length and body mass of A. laticeps young fish was (15.71±0.89) cm and (28.29±6.15) g, respectively, and the body color and body shape were similar to adult fish.
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Key words:
- Aspiorhynchus laticeps /
- Embryonic development /
- Larva /
- Juvenile
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图 1 扁吻鱼胚胎发育
a. 成熟卵；b. 受精卵；c. 1细胞期；d. 2细胞期；e. 4细胞期；f. 8细胞期；g. 16细胞期；h；桑葚期；i. 囊胚早期；j. 囊胚中期；k. 囊胚晚期；l. 原肠早期；m. 原肠中期；n. 原肠晚期；o. 神经胚期；p. 胚孔闭合期；q. 视囊出现期；r. 肌肉效应期；s. 耳石形成期；t. 孵化前期
Figure 1. Embryonic development of A. laticeps
a. Mature egg; b. Fertilized egg; c. 1-cell stage; d. 2-cell stage; e. 4-cell stage; f. 8-cell stage; g. 16-cell stage; h. Morula stage; i. Early blastula stage; j. Middle blastula stage; k. Late blastula stage; l. Early gastrula stage; m. Mid-gastrula stage; n. Late gastrula stage; o. Neurula stage; p. Blastopore closed stage; q. Optic capsule stage; r. Muscular effect stage; s. Otolith formation stage; t. Prehatching stage
图 2 扁吻鱼仔鱼卵黄囊体积与出膜天数的关系
Figure 2. Relationship between yolk sac volume and days of hatching of A. laticeps
图 3 扁吻鱼仔稚鱼发育
a. 初孵仔鱼；b. 出膜2 d；c. 出膜9 d；d. 出膜26 d；e. 出膜45 d；f. 出膜86 d；g. 1龄幼鱼；h. 2龄幼鱼
Figure 3. Delopment of A. laticeps larva and juvenile
a. Newly hatched larva; b. 2 d post hatching; c. 9 d post hatching; d. 26 d post hatching; e. 45 d post hatching; f. 86 d post hatching; g. yearling; h. Two-year-old of young fish
表 1 扁吻鱼胚胎发育时序
Table 1. Process of embryonic development of A. laticeps
发育时期
Developmental stage耗时
Time duration/h积温
Accumulative temperature/℃·h图序
Plate受精卵 Fertilized egg stage 0 0 图1-a~b 胚盘形成期 Blastodem stage 1.25 20.34 图1-c 卵裂期 Cleavage stage 5.12 83.25 图1-d~h 囊胚期 Blastula stage 9.55 155.38 图1-i~k 原肠期 Gastrula stage 7.68 125.01 图1-l~n 神经胚期 Neural stage 17.18 279.57 图1-o~p 器官形成期 Organogenesis stage 47.67 775.54 图1-q~s 出膜前期 Prehatching stage 27.27 443.63 图1-t 
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表 2 其他裂腹鱼类发育特点比较
Table 2. Comparison of developmental characteristics between other Schizothoracinaes
种类
Species卵径
Egg diameter/mm卵色
Egg color初孵仔鱼长度
Length at hatching/mm孵化温度
Rearing temperature/℃文献
References吸水前
Before hydration吸水后
After hydration塔里木裂腹鱼 S. biddulphi 1.70±0.06 2.90±0.07 7.29±0.18 16~19 [7] 金黄色、青灰色 7.0~8.0 14~19 [9] 齐口裂腹鱼 S. prenanti 2.9~3.0 4.2 金黄色 11 16.8 [10] 斑重唇鱼 D. maculates 金黄色 1.0~1.2 4.5 [11] 光唇裂腹鱼 S. lissolabiatus 2.2±0.13 3.2±0.21 金黄色 8.5 15~17 [12] 尖裸鲤 O. stewartii 2.57±0.07 3.22±0.07 黄色 10.27±0.15 9.5~11.8 [13] 拉萨裸裂尻鱼 S. younghusbandi 2.50±0.08 3.54±0.07 金黄色 10.86±0.33 9.5~11.1 拉萨裂腹鱼 S. waltoni 2.95±0.09 4.03±0.06 棕色 10.67±0.17 10.0~12.0 短须裂腹鱼 S. wangchiachii 2.36 3.68 淡黄色 8.7 14±1 [14] 长丝裂腹鱼 S. dolichonema 2.89±0.30 4.17±0.09 淡黄色 10.91 15.9±0.6 [15] 小裂腹鱼 S. parvus 1.9 3 淡黄色 7.5 14.5 [16] 双须叶须鱼 P. dipogon 3.7~3.9 5.1~5.3 淡黄色 12.4 10.0 [17] 异齿裂腹鱼 S. o'connori 2.92±0.16 3.73±0.31 淡黄色 8.97±0.31 13.0~14.5 [18] 重口裂腹鱼 S. davidi 2.4±0.1 橘黄色 11.67±0.38 15 [22]
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