国内外海水观赏鱼产业与研究现状

苏志星; 岳彦峰; 蒋科技; 彭士明; 施兆鸿

doi:10.12131/20200156

国内外海水观赏鱼产业与研究现状

doi: 10.12131/20200156

中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所/农业农村部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室，上海 200090

基金项目: 中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费 (2020GH08)；广西科技基地和人才专项 (桂科AD17195024)

详细信息

作者简介:
苏志星 (1991—)，男，硕士，助理研究员，从事海水观赏鱼类繁育和养殖生态学研究。E-mail: zxsu1991@hotmail.com

通讯作者:
岳彦峰 (1985—)，男，硕士，助理研究员，从事海水观赏鱼类苗种培育和生理生态学研究。E-mail: 92431429@qq.com

中图分类号: S 937.0
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-28
- 修回日期: 2020-09-14
- 网络出版日期: 2020-12-16

Research status of marine ornamental fish industry at home and abroad

East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200090, China

摘要

摘要: 海水观赏鱼贸易是海洋水族馆贸易行业的重要部分，是一项价值十几亿美元的产业，每年交易量达数百万尾，且需求量逐年上升，但由于严重依赖野生资源捕捞而使该行业饱受争议。目前，90%~95%的海水观赏鱼由野生捕捞获得，在已知的数千种珊瑚礁鱼类中，有一半以上在缺乏或无监测情况下进行贸易，自然资源面临严重威胁。观赏性水产从业者和消费者有责任保护野生捕获物种的可持续发展，海水观赏鱼的养殖被认为是一种保护野生资源的有效手段，但仍有许多技术问题阻碍其发展。文章结合相关数据和文献，概述了国际海水观赏鱼产业现状及最新研究进展，讨论了海水观赏鱼产业中存在的问题，并提出了一些可行的解决方案，旨在为中国海水观赏鱼产业发展提供一定的借鉴和参考。
- 海水观赏鱼 /
- 国际贸易 /
- 人工繁育
Abstract: Marine ornamental fish trade, a key component of the marine aquarium trade industry, is worth more than one billion dollars industry with the trading volume reaches millions per year and rising demand, but the industry has been controversial due to current heavy reliance on wild-collected specimens. At present, 90%–95% of marine ornamental fish species are wild-caught, and over half of the known thousands of coral reef fish species are in trade with poor or no monitoring, which poses a serious threat to natural resources. The ornamental aquatic industry and consumers are a responsible to ensure the sustainable development of wild-caught species, and the cultivation of marine ornamental fish is considered as a responsible alternative to protecting wild resources, but there are still many technical constraints that hinder its development. Combining with relevant data and literature, this paper summarizes the current situation and the latest research progress of the international marine ornamental fish industry, discusses the existing problems, and puts forward some feasible solutions, aiming to provide references for the development of China's marine ornamental fish industry.
- Marine ornamental fish /
- International trade /
- Artificial breeding

HTML全文

图 1 2012—2017年东南亚国家海水观赏鱼出口总额

Figure 1. Total export value of marine ornamental fish in Southeast Asian countries from 2012 to 2017

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图 2 2012—2017年全球主要海水观赏鱼进口国/地区进口总额

Figure 2. Total import value of major marine ornamental fish importing countries/regions in the world from 2012 to 2017

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图 3 2012—2017年中国 (不包括香港和澳门)海水观赏鱼进口总额与总量

Figure 3. Total import value and volume of marine ornamental fish in China (Excluding Hong Kong and Macau) from 2012 to 2017

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图 4 出口海水观赏鱼高死亡率的原因 (从捕获到买家的所有流程)

Figure 4. Reasons for high mortality of exported marine ornamental fish (All processes from catch to consumer)

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图 5 2015—2019年海水观赏鱼人工养殖物种总数及市场供应情况

Figure 5. Total number of cultive-bred marine ornamental fish species and market supply from 2015 to 2019

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表 1 全球十大海洋观赏鱼交易品种

Table 1. Worldwide top ten traded species of marine ornamental fish in the world

科属　 Family	俗名 Common name	国际自然保护联盟红色名录状况 IUCN Red List Status	主要分布区域 Main distribution area
雀鲷科 Pomacentridae
豆娘鱼属 Abudefduf spp.	−	−	−
波浪雀鲷 Chrysiptera biocellata	双斑豆娘鱼	未评估	印度洋-太平洋
蓝刻齿雀鲷 Chrysiptera cyanea	蓝魔	未评估	印度洋-西太平洋
红海双带小丑 Amphiprion bicinctus	二带双锯鱼	无危	西印度洋
白条双锯鱼 Amphiprion frenatus	番茄小丑	无危	西太平洋
眼斑双锯鱼 Amphiprion ocellaris	眼斑海葵鱼	无危	西太平洋
黑双带小丑鱼 Amphiprion sebae	金武士	未评估	印度洋
刺尾鲷科 Acanthuridae
黄尾副刺尾鱼 Paracanthurus hepatus	蓝吊	无危	印度洋-太平洋
隆头鱼科 Labridae
裂唇鱼 Labroides dimidiatus	医生鱼	无危	印度洋-太平洋
蝴蝶鱼科 Chaetodontidae
马夫鱼 Heniochus acuminatus	长鳍关刀	无危	印度洋-太平洋
注：国际自然保护联盟的现状：无危；数据缺乏；未评估；易危；数据来源于全球海水水族馆数据库 Note: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Red List Status: Least concern (LC); Data deficient (DD); Not evaluated (NE); Near threatened (NT); Vulnerable (VU). The data come from the Global Marine Aquarium Database (CMAD).

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表 2 目前中国具有贸易潜力的海水观赏鱼类品种

Table 2. Marine ornamental fish species with trade potential in China

科属 Family	物种数量 Number of species	国际自然保护联盟红色名录状态 IUCN Red List Status /%
科属 Family	物种数量 Number of species	无危 LC	未评估 NE	近危 NT	数据缺乏 DD	易危 VU
刺尾鱼科 Acanthuridae	14	93			7
躄鱼科 Antennariidae	4	75	25
鳞鲀科 Balistidae	9	11	89
鳚科 Blenniidae	6	100
鲹科 Carangidae	2	100
玻甲鱼科 Centriscidae	2	50			50
蝴蝶鱼科 Chaetodontidae	31	100
鱼翁科 Cirrhitidae	4	100
二齿鲀科 Diodontidae	3	67	33
塘鳢科 Eleotridae	2	100
鰕鯱鱼科 Gobiidae	21	57	43
金鳞鱼科 Holocentridae	4	100
隆头鱼科 Labridae	51	98	2
笛鲷科 Lutjanidae	6	100
弱棘鱼科 Microdesmidae	2	50	50
单棘鲀科 Monacanthidae	5	80				20
鯙科 Muraenidae	4	100
须鲷科 Mullidae	8	87	13
金线鱼科 Nemipteridae	2	100
箱鲀科 Ostraciidae	3		100
拟鲈科 Pinguipedidae	3	33	67
盖刺鱼科 Pomacanthidae	37	59	41
大眼鲷科 Priacanthidae	2	100
拟雀鲷科 Pseudochromidae	3	67	33
鹦嘴鱼科 Scaridae	11	91				9
石首鱼科 Sciaenidae	2		100
鲉科 Scorpaenidae	6	100
鮨科 Serranidae	3	100
蓝子鱼科 Siganidae	5	100
海龙科 Syngnathidae	3	33				67
四齿鲀科 Tetraodontidae	5	100
䲢科 Uranoscopidae	2	50	50
其他 Other	30	57	33	7	3
总计 (物种总数百分比) Total (Total species)/%	295 (100.0)	230 (78.0)	56 (19.0)	2 (0.7)	3 (1.0)	4 (1.3)
注：数据来源于世界鱼类数据库 Note: The data come from the World Fish Database.

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