珠江流域草鱼和鲢单位捕捞努力量渔获量时空分布特征及温度影响
Spatio-temporal patterns of CPUE of grass carp and silver carp and temperature effects in Pearl River basin
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摘要: 采用随机等距抽样的方法，调查了2016—2018年珠江流域9个采样点共计90艘船每天的渔获物产量及销售额。采用kruskal检验、广义加性模型和时间序列分析对草鱼 (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) 和鲢 (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) 单位捕捞努力量渔获量 (Catch per unit effort, CPUE) 时空变动特征及温度影响进行分析。结果显示，珠江流域草鱼和鲢产量在总渔获中占比分别为 (6.6±8.1)%和 (4.4±5.0)%，销售额占比分别为 (6.0±8.2)%和 (2.5±2.6)%；草鱼和鲢CPUE分别为 (5.5±7.3) 和 (5.6±10.3) kg·(艘·月)−1。草鱼和鲢CPUE在珠江中上游江段显著高于河口区域 (P<0.05)，与温度呈显著正相关关系 (P<0.01)，其时间变动主要受禁渔期影响；草鱼CPUE年际变化呈上升趋势，而鲢呈下降趋势。与历史数据相比，草鱼和鲢在渔获物中质量占比有明显增加，这可能主要得益于增殖放流和禁渔期制度。Abstract: We investigated the production and economic benefits of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the Pearl River basin using the method of isometric random sampling. A total of 90 vessels were daily surveyed from nine locations from 2016 to 2018. The kruskal test, generalized additive model, and time series analysis were used to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of CPUE (Catch per unit effort) of grass carp and silver carp and to explore the influence of air temperature on the patterns. The results show that the biomass of grass carp and silver carp attributed (6.6±8.1)% and (4.4±5.0)% to the total catches in the Pearl River basin, respectively, and produced (6.0±8.2)% and (2.5±2.6)% economic benefit of the total income. In addition, the CPUE was (5.5±7.3) and (5.6±10.3) kg·(vessel·month)−1, respectively. The CPUE of two species was significantly higher in the middle and upper reaches than that in the estuary area (P<0.05). The temporal variations in CPUE of grass carp and silver carp were mainly effected by closed season. Temperature had a significant positive effect on the CPUE of both species (P<0.01). The CPUE of grass carp and silver carp showed an increasing and decreasing trend with year, respectively. By contrast with the historical data, the biomass of both carps evidence increased obviously in the past decade. The increasing production of grass carp and silver carp observed in this study might be largely benefited from proliferation and release as well as closed season.
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Key words:
- Fishery resources /
- Spatial and temporal patterns /
- CPUE /
- Time series /
- Air temperature /
- Pearl River basin
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图 2 不同地点草鱼和鲢在总渔获物中质量占比和销售额占比(均值±方差)
Figure 2. Percentages of mass and economic benefit generated from grass carpand silver carp in total catches at different sampling sites (X±SD)
图 3 不同采样点草鱼 (a) 和鲢 (b) 单位捕捞努力量渔获量箱图
Figure 3. Box plot of CPUE of grass carp (a) and silver carp (b) at different sampling sites
图 4 不同月份草鱼 (a) 和鲢 (b) 单位捕捞努力量渔获量箱图
Figure 4. Box plot of CPUE of grass carp (a) and silver carp (b) in different months
图 5 2016—2018年草鱼 (a) 和鲢 (b) 单位捕捞努力量渔获量时序数据季节性分解
Figure 5. Decomposed results of CPUE series of grass carp (a) and silver carp (b) from 2016 to 2018
表 1 各采样点的位置信息及环境特征
Table 1. Coordinates and environment characteristics of sampling sites
站位
Site所属江段
Subordinate river经纬度
Coordinate日均最低气温
Mean daily minimum temperature /℃生境特征
Habitat characteristics梅县 MX 韩江梅江段 116°5'12''E, 24°15'46''N 18.1±6.6 干流 新会 XH 珠江河网区 113°1'1''E, 22°27'26''N 20.6±5.9 河口 德庆 DQ 珠江下游西江段 111°47'4''E, 23°8'16''N 18.8±6.4 干流 藤县 TX 珠江中游浔江段 110°54'54''E, 23°22'36''N 18.4±6.5 干流 廉江 LJ 九州江鹤地水库 110°18'21''E, 21°45'17''N 20.8±5.5 库区 兴宾 XB 珠江上游红水河段 109°13'39''E, 23°43'36''N 18.2±6.7 干流 横县 HX 珠江支流郁江 109°15'38''E, 22°40'50''N 18.8±6.5 一级支流 扶绥 FS 珠江支流左江 107°54'3''E, 22°38'5''N 19.0±6.0 二级支流 巴马 BM 珠江上游红水河段岩滩水库 107°34'48''E, 24°9'24''N 17.8±6.0 库区 
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表 2 广义加性模型分析温度对草鱼和鲢单位捕捞努力量渔获量的影响
Table 2. Generalized additive model results of effect of temperature on CPUE of grass carp and silver carp
模型变量
Model variable草鱼
C. idellus鲢
H. molitrixF P 累积解释偏差
Cumulative deviance explained/%F P 累积解释偏
Cumulative deviance explained/%温度 Temperature 3.87 <0.01 11.9 2.47 0.03 1.80 年 Year 1.11 0.33 12.1 7.86 <0.01 3.62 采样点 Site 56.64 <0.01 61.5 59.83 <0.01 66.30 距河口距离 Distance from estuary 87.53 <0.01 61.5 99.10 <0.01 66.30 注：黑体表示有显著影响 (P<0.05)
Note: Significant results are showed in boldface type.
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