Research on salinity tolerance of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis
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摘要: 文章通过设置盐度梯度，对平均体质量为 (8.495±1.11) g的四川华吸鳅 (Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis) 开展了盐度耐受性研究，以期为该物种保护及人工养殖提供理论依据。结果表明，盐度对四川华吸鳅作用 24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度 (LC50) 分别为10.50、10.15、9.83和9.46 g·L−1，安全浓度为2.32 g·L−1。四川华吸鳅经盐度胁迫4 h后，盐度小于7 g·L−1各组的呼吸频率较初期下降，盐度大于7 g·L−1各组的呼吸频率较初期显著升高 (P<0.05)，2 g·L−1组的呼吸频率为 (150.0±5.57) 次·min−1，显著高于0 g·L−1组 (P<0.05)。在0~7 g·L−1盐度胁迫下适应4 h，2 g·L−1组的四川华吸鳅窒息点最低 [(0.81±0.02) mg·L−1]；适应96 h后，各盐度组四川华吸鳅的窒息点均下降，0~1 g·L−1组的窒息点最低 [(0.60±0.06) mg·L−1]。研究表明，四川华吸鳅具有一定的低盐度耐受力，窒息点相比一般淡水鱼类高。若利用呼吸频率来监测盐度对四川华吸鳅的安全浓度，建议不超过 (150.0±5.57) 次·min−1。在运输中将盐度控制在0~1 g·L−1，有助于增强四川华吸鳅的耐低氧能力，提高成活率。Abstract: We measured the salinity tolerance of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis with average body mass of (8.495±1.11) g, to provide theoretical basis for its conservation and artificial culture. The results show that the half lethal concentrations (LC50) of salinity at 24th, 48th, 72nd and 96th hour was 10.50, 10.15, 9.83 and 9.46 g·L−1, respectively. The safe concentration was 2.32 g·L−1. After 4 h of salinity stress in S. szechuanensis, compared with the initial stage, the respiration frequency in groups with salinities less than 7 g·L−1 decreased, and the respiration frequency of groups with salinity higher than 7 g·L−1 increased significantly (P<0.05). The respiratory rate of 2 g·L−1 group was (150.0±5.57) times·min−1, significantly higher than that of the 0 g·L−1 group (P<0.05). Being adapted to (0–7) g·L−1 salinity stress for 4 h, the asphyxia point of S. szechuanensis in 2 g·L−1 group was the lowest [(0.81±0.02) mg·L−1]. After 96 h adaptation, the asphyxia point of S. szechuanensis in each salinity group decreased, and the asphyxia point of (0–1) g·L−1 was the lowest [(0.60±0.06) mg·L−1]. It is concluded that S. szechuanensis has low salinity tolerance, and its asphyxiation point is higher than that of common freshwater fish. The critical value of using salinity to monitor the salinity to the safe concentration of S. szechuanensis is (150.0±5.57) times·min−1. Therefore, the salinity should to be conctrolled as (0–1) g·L−1 in transportation, which is helpful to enhance the hypoxia tolerance and survival rate of S. szechuanensis.
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图 1 盐度对四川华吸鳅呼吸频率的影响
同一指标中，有1个字母相同则组间无显著差异 (P>0.05)，反之则有显著差异 (P<0.05)，水温为 (15.5±0.5) ℃，后图同此
Figure 1. Effect of salinity on respiration frequency of S. szechuanensis
Values with the same and different letters for the same index indicate insignificant (P>0.05) and significante difference (P<0.05), respectively; water temperature was (15.5±0.5) ℃. The same case in the following figure.
图 2 盐度对四川华吸鳅窒息点的影响
Figure 2. Effect of salinity on suffocation point of S. szechuanensis
表 1 不同盐度下四川华吸鳅的死亡率
Table 1. Mortality of S. szechuanensis at different salinity levels
盐度
Salinity/(g·L−1)死亡率 Mortality/% 24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h 8.00 0 0 0 10 8.56 0 0 10 30 9.16 0 20 40 60 9.80 20 40 60 60 10.48 60 60 70 70 11.22 70 80 80 80 12.00 90 100 100 100 
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表 2 盐度对四川华吸鳅不同时间的半致死浓度
Table 2. Lethal concentration of salinity to S. szechuanensis at different time
处理时间
Processing time/h回归方程
Regression equation相关系数
Correlation coefficient尾数
Number半致死浓度
LC50 /(g·L−1)24 y=0.254 6x−2.174 3 0.920 5 30 10.50 48 y=0.269 1x−2.232 2 0.986 0 30 10.15 72 y=0.25x−1.958 2 0.962 7 30 9.83 96 y=0.201 8x−1.41 0.924 5 30 9.46
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表 3 四川华吸鳅和部分鱼类对盐度耐受性比较
Table 3. Comparison of salinity tolerance between S. szechuanensis and some fish
种名
Species半致死浓度 LC50/(g·L−1) 体长
Body length/cm安全浓度
Safe
concentration/(g·L−1)24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h 四川华吸鳅 S. szechuanensis 10.5 10.15 9.83 9.46 9.5±0.5 2.85 麦穗鱼[21] P. parva 11.67 11.43 11.38 11.25 2.5±0.5 3.29 昆明裂腹鱼[22] S. grahami 15.24 12.81 12.27 11.82 16.71±0.77 2.72 鲢 (幼鱼)[22] H. molitrix (Young fish) 11.2 9 8.6 8.2 5.4~8.2 1.74 彭泽鲫 (幼鱼)[22] C. auratus var. pengza (Young fish) 9.99 7.87 6.88 6.68 3.26~3.68 1.47 咸海卡拉白鱼 (幼鱼)[24] C. chalcoides aralensis (Young fish) 11.32 11.91 9.16 − 0.5~0.9 3.96 咸海卡拉白鱼 (成鱼)[22] C. chalcoides aralensis (Adult fish) 22.61 21.66 − 21.24 6.95~8.50 5.96 黑龙江泥鳅[29] M. mohoity dybowsky 15.64 14.97 14.18 13.58 12.72±0.85 4.11 大鳞副泥鳅[29] P. dabryanus Sauvage 15.43 14.74 14.29 14.18 17.25±0.73 4.04 达里湖高原鳅[29] T. dalaica 14 13.47 12.56 11.57 9.36±1.23 3.74 黄鳝[23] M. albus 17.63 16.29 15.62 15.46 28~29 4.17 注：−. 无数据
Note: −. No data
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表 4 四川华吸鳅与几种鱼类窒息点比较
Table 4. Comparison of suffocation points between S. szechuanensis and other fish
种类
Species窒息点
Suffocation point/(mg·L−1)种类
Species窒息点
Suffocation point/(mg·L−1)鲫 Carassius auratus 0.11~0.13 白甲鱼 Onychostoma sima 0.70 鳙 Aristichthys nobilis 0.19 厚颌鲂 Megalobrama pellegrini 0.73~1.04 草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idellus 0.24 黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 0.75 鲢 Hypophthalmichys molitrix 0.26 瓦氏黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus vachelli 0.91 鲤 Cyprinus carpio 0.30~0.34 卵形鲳鲹 Trachinotus ovatus 0.93~1.05 中华倒刺鲃 Spinibarbus sinensis 0.47 圆口铜鱼 Coreius guichenoti 0.95~1.63 翘嘴鲌 Erythroculter ilishaeformis 0.43~0.57 长薄鳅 Leptobotia elongata 0.98~1.16 鲻 Mugil cephalus 0.50~0.79 千年笛鲷 Lutjanus sebae 1.03~2.09 四川华吸鳅 Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis 0.60~0.80 浅色黄姑鱼 Nibea coibor 1.86~1.90 青鱼 Mylopharyngodon piceus 0.63~0.89 真鲷 Pagrosomus major 2.10~2.90
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