南海北部带鱼群体结构及生长、死亡和性成熟参数估计
Population structure of Trichiurus japonicus in northern South China Sea and parameters of its growth, mortality and maturity
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摘要: 根据2014—2015年南海北部底拖网渔业调查数据，对带鱼 (Trichiurus japonicus) 的渔获率、群体结构、性比与性腺发育、生长及死亡参数等进行了研究。结果表明：1) 2014—2015年南海北部带鱼肛长频率分布为单峰型，优势肛长组为160~190 mm，雌、雄个体的肛长组成无显著差异 (P>0.05)；2) 春季雌性个体占比较大，4个季度雌雄比与1∶1均有显著差异 (P<0.05)；性成熟度以Ⅱ期为主，占比高达74.2%；最小性成熟肛长为113 mm，50%性成熟肛长 (L50) 为241.5 mm；3) 电子体长频率分析法评估的带鱼渐近肛长为585 mm，生长系数为0.2 a−1，总死亡系数为1.172，自然死亡系数为0.475，开发率为0.59。虽然带鱼当前仍处于过度捕捞状态，但个体平均肛长有恢复迹象。Abstract: Based on the data of bottom trawl fishery survey in northern South China Sea from 2014 to 2015, we investigated the catch rate, population structure, sex ratio, gonadal development, growth and death parameters of Trichiurus japonicus. Results show that: 1) the anal length frequency distribution of hairtail during 2014−2015 was unimodal, and the dominant anal length group was 160−190 mm. There was no significant difference in the anal length composition between male and female (P>0.05). 2) The proportion of females in spring was relatively higher, the and the ratios of female to male in four seasons were significantly different from 1∶1 (P<0.05). Their gonadal maturity was mainly at Level 2, accounting for 74.2% of the total. The minimum maturity length was 113 mm, and the estimated anal length at 50% sexual maturity (L50) was 241.5 mm. 3) The estimated asymptotic anal length (L∞) and growth parameter (K) calculated by Electronic Length Frequency Analysis I (ELEFANⅠ) were 585 mm and 0.20 a−1, respectively. The estimated total mortality coefficient (Z) and natural mortality coefficient (M) were 1.172 and 0.475, respectively. Although the exploitation rate of 0.59 indicates that T. japonicus resources are still in a state of overfishing, the average anal length of the individuals show signs of recovery.
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Key words:
- Trichiurus japonicus /
- Population structure /
- Growth /
- Mortality /
- Northern South China Sea
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图 3 带鱼肛长频率分布 (a)、肛长与体质量关系 (b) 和肥满度随肛长的变化 (c)
Figure 3. Distribution in anal length frequency (a), relation between anal length and body mass (b) and relative fatness by anal length (c) of T. japonicus
图 4 带鱼性比随肛长的变化 (a)、性成熟比例与肛长拟合的逻辑斯蒂曲线 (b)
Figure 4. Sex ratio by anal length (a), logistic model fitted for the relationship between anal length and percentage of mature (b) of T. japonicus
图 5 带鱼性成熟度 (Ⅱ~Ⅵ) 组成随季节的变化
Figure 5. Seasonal variation in percentage of maturity stages (Ⅱ~Ⅵ) for female and male T. japonicus
图 6 线性渔获量曲线法估算的带鱼总死亡系数
Figure 6. Estimated total mortality coefficient of T. japonicus based on length converted catch curve
图 7 南海北部带鱼肛长频率分布的年际变化
Figure 7. Annual change of anal length frequency distribution of T. japonicus in northern South China Sea
表 1 带鱼的群体结构
Table 1. Population structure of T. japonicus
采样时间
Sampling time尾数
Number性比 (♀/♂)
Sex ratio肛长/mm Body length 体质量/g Body mass 范围
Range均值
Mean优势组
Dominant范围
Range均值
Mean优势组
Dominant春 Spring 243 2.96 70~451 185.0 130~170 11~1200 128.5 20~60; 80~90 夏 Summer 428 1.66 61~505 184.1 160~210 10~1462 101.7 30~50; 60~80 秋 Autumn 279 0.67 87~500 246.8 230~250 9~1400 232.4 190~200 冬 Winter 178 1.11 92~528 199.9 160~200 13~1650 136.8 50~90 
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表 2 不同海区带鱼的种群参数
Table 2. Population parameters of T. japonicus in different sea areas
海区及采样时间
Sea area and sampling time肛长范围
Range/mm平均肛长
Mean/mmb L∞/mm K/a L50/mm M E 参数评估方法
Assessment method for parameters印尼阿拉弗拉海 (2008)[15]
Arafura Sea of Indonesia123~650 343.00 2.420 − − 368.0 − − 体长频率法
Length-frequency method缅甸外海 (2012—2013)[16]
Andaman Sea of Myanmar101~422 212.26 2.752 − − 242.7 − − 体长频率法
Length-frequency method伊朗阿曼湾 (2017—2018)[17]
Iran's Gulf of Oman119~580 − 2.914 610.4 0.220 242.3 − − 体长频率法
Length-frequency method福建闽南渔场 (2000—2002)[18]
Minnan Sea of Fujian52~332 160.00 2.529 − − − − − 体长频率法
Length-frequency method东海 (2002—2004)[19]
East China Sea− − 3.006 493.0 0.346 / − − 年龄鉴定法
Age-determination method东海近海 (2007—2008)[20]
Costal waters of East China Sea126~332 182.62 2.795 − − 164.7 − − 体长频率法
Length-frequency method北部湾 (2006—2007)[21]
Beibu Gulf20~896 − 2.970 − − − − − − 南海北部 (1981—1982)[22]
Northern South China Sea132~605 342.84 2.400 622.0 0.160 322.0 0.212 0.71 体长频率法
Length-frequency method南海北部 (1997—1999)[2]
Northern South China Sea20~670 187.60 3.028 700.0 0.270 276.0 0.390 0.87 体长频率法
Length-frequency method南海北部 (2014—2015) (本研究)
Northern South China Sea (This study)61~528 198.10 2.790 585.0 0.200 241.5 0.475 0.59 体长频率法
Length-frequency method注：−. 表示文献中未查找到相应的参数值或评估方法 Note: −. qValues of parameter or assessment method are not found in the References.
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