停加红糖对凡纳滨对虾生物絮团养殖系统水质和氮收支的影响

韩天骄; 徐武杰; 徐煜; 文国樑; 胡晓娟; 苏浩昌; 曹煜成

doi:10.12131/20200052

停加红糖对凡纳滨对虾生物絮团养殖系统水质和氮收支的影响

doi: 10.12131/20200052

韩天骄^{1, 2,},
徐武杰^{2, 3},
徐煜^{2, 3},
文国樑²,
胡晓娟^{2, 3},
苏浩昌^{2, 3},
曹煜成^{2, 3, ,}

1.
浙江海洋大学/国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心，浙江舟山 316022
2.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室/广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室，广东广州 510300
3.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所深圳试验基地，广东深圳 518121

基金项目: 中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金 (2020TD54)；国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”专项 (2019YFD0900402)；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金 (CARS-48)；广东省促进经济发展专项 (现代渔业发展) (粤农2019B12)

详细信息

作者简介:
韩天骄 (1994—)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为对虾健康养殖和养殖水质调控。E-mail: htjz18095136080@163.com

通讯作者:
曹煜成 (1979—)，男，博士，副研究员，从事水产健康养殖和养殖生态环境调控。E-mail: cyc_715@163.com

中图分类号: S 968.22
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-21
- 修回日期: 2020-05-27
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-04

Effect of stopping adding brown sugar on water quality and nitrogen budget in biofloc systems cultured with Litopenaeus vannamei

Tianjiao HAN^{1, 2
,},
Wujie XU^{2, 3},
Yu XU^{2, 3},
Guoliang WEN²,
Xiaojuan HU^{2, 3},
Haochang SU^{2, 3},
Yucheng CAO^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
Zhejiang Ocean University/National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhoushan 316022, China
2.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China
3.
Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, China

摘要

摘要: 试验以生物絮团技术 (Biofloc technology, BFT) 养殖30 d的凡纳滨对虾 (Litopenaeus vannamei) 及其池塘水体为基础，设定红糖持续添加组 (BS-组) 和不添加红糖组 (NBS-组)，探究在稳定的凡纳滨对虾生物絮团 (Bioflic, BF) 养殖系统中，适时停止添加红糖对养殖水质和氮收支的影响。在28 d内监测总氨氮 (TAN)、亚硝酸盐氮 (NO₂ ^– -N) 等，并测定试验前后虾体和投喂饲料的总氮 (TN)。结果显示，BS组和NBS组的TAN、NO₂ ^– -N均处于较低水平，试验期间两组TAN质量浓度维持在0.02~0.06 mg·L⁻¹，试验第7天后两组NO₂ ⁻-N质量浓度在1.00 mg·L⁻¹以下。研究发现：1) 氮收入主要为饲料，占比78.8%；氮输出主要为水体TN，BS组和NBS组的水体TN分别占45.06%和52.55%；2) 收获虾体的氮输出分别占21.49%和25.43%，两组的饲料氮利用效率分别为18.14%和23.14%。可见，在稳定的BF养殖系统中适时停止添加红糖，对水体微生物去除TAN和NO₂ ^– -N的效果不会产生影响。
- 生物絮团技术 /
- 凡纳滨对虾 /
- 红糖 /
- 水质 /
- 氮收支
Abstract: Based on a 30-day culture of Litopenaeus vannamei and its pond water with biofloc technology (BFT), we set up brown sugar continuous addition (BS) group and non-added brown sugar (NBS) group to explore the effect of stopping adding brown sugar on the water quality and nitrogen budget in L. vannamei biofloc (BF) culture system. The total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite nitrogen (NO₂ ^– -N) were monitored within 28 d, and the total nitrogen (TN) of shrimp body and feed were measured before and after the experiment. The results show that the concentrations of TAN and NO₂ ⁻-N in water of BS and NBS groups remained low levels. During the test, the concentrations of TAN in these two groups maintained at 0.02~0.06 mg·L⁻¹, and after the 7^th day, that of NO₂ ⁻-N was lower than 1.00 mg·L⁻¹.The results indicate that the main nitrogen income was feed, which accounted for 78.8%; the main nitrogen output was water TN, which accounted for 45.06% and 52.55% in BS and NBS groups, respectively; the nitrogen output of harvested shrimps accounted for 21.49% and 25.43%, respectively, and the nitrogen utilization efficiencies of feed in the two groups were 18.14% and 23.14%, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that the removal effects of TAN and NO₂ ^– -N by microorganisms in water body will not be affected if brown sugar is stopped in a stable BF culture system.
- Bioflocs technology /
- Litopenaeus vannamei /
- Brown sugar /
- Water quality /
- Nitrogen budget

HTML全文

图 1 养殖水体中总氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、总无机氮的质量浓度变化

Figure 1. Concentration changes of TAN, NO₂ ^– -N, NO₃ ^– -N and TIN in water

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图 2 养殖水体中生物絮团沉降量、总碱度和pH的变化

Figure 2. Variation of biofloc volume, total alkalinity and pH in water

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表 1 养殖系统中氮收支状况

Table 1. Nitrogen budget of aquaculture system g (%)

项目 Item	BS组氮输入 N input of BS	NBS组氮输入 N input of NBS	BS组氮输出 N output of BS	NBS组氮输出 N output of NBS
水体 Water	13.97±0.37 (14.00)	13.97±0.37 (14.00)	44.96±3.46^a (45.06)	52.43±0.53^b (52.55)
虾体 Shrimp	7.18±0.00 (7.20)	7.18±0.00 (7.20)	21.44±4.74^a (21.49)	25.37±0.72^a (25.43)
饲料 Feed	78.62±0.00 (78.80)	78.62±0.00 (78.80)	–	–
其他 Other	–	–	33.37±3.43^a (33.44)	21.97±1.23^b (22.02)
合计 Total	99.77±0.37 (100.00)	99.77±0.37 (100.00)	99.77±0.00^a (100.00)	99.77±0.00^a (100.00)
注：数据以氮的质量 (g) 平均值±标准差或氮质量分数 (%) 表示，n=3，同行不同字母的两项间差异显著 (P<0.05)，下同 Note: The data are presented as $ \overline X \pm {\rm{SD}} $ of nitrogen mass (g) or its mass percentage of nitrogen (%); number of samples is three; the values within the same row with different superscripts are significant (P<0.05); the same below

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表 2 养殖水体中氮输出状况

Table 2. Nitrogen output in water g (%)

项目 Item	BS组水体氮输出 TN output of water in BS	NBS组水体氮输出 TN output of water in NBS
总氮 TN
悬浮颗粒物氮 SSN	3.28±0.43^a (3.29)	2.53±0.48^a (2.54)
可溶性总氮 TDN	41.68±3.19^a (41.78)	49.89±0.59^a (50.01)
可溶性总氮 TDN
总氨氮 TAN	0.04±0.01^a (0.04)	0.03±0.00^b (0.03)
亚硝酸盐氮 NO₂ ^–-N	0.28±0.02^a (0.28)	0.16±0.02^b (0.16)
硝酸盐氮 NO₃ ^–-N	28.15±0.66^a (28.22)	38.17±1.48^b (38.26)
其他 Others	13.23±1.46^a (11.26)	11.43±1.19^a (11.45)

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表 3 凡纳滨对虾生长性能及饲料利用

Table 3. Growth performance and feed utilization of L. vannamei

指标 Index	BS组 BS group	NBS组 NBS group
成活率 Survival rate/%	43.43±12.93^a	47.62±0.66^a
终末体质量 Final body mass/g	9.86±0.48^a	10.60±0.49^a
增重率 Weight gain/%	8.43±0.78^a	9.17±0.49^a
饲料系数 Feed conversion ratio	1.68±0.39^a	1.36±0.05^a
饲料氮利用效率 Feed N utilization efficiency/%	18.14±7.39^a	23.14±1.12^a

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