Vitamin B2 requirement of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)
-
摘要: 为研究卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)幼鱼对饲料中维生素B2的最适需要量,配制维生素B2水平为0 mg·kg–1、4.4 mg·kg–1、6.2 mg·kg–1、8.0 mg·kg–1、11.3 mg·kg–1、15.5 mg·kg–1的6种实验饲料,每种饲料设3个平行,每个平行放25尾初始均质量为(11.63±0.17) g的卵形鲳鲹幼鱼,每日2次饱食,投喂8周。结果显示,4.4 mg·kg–1组幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率均显著高于0 mg·kg–1组(P<0.05),血清中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性显著低于0 mg·kg–1组(P<0.05),但饲料中维生素B2水平对饲料系数、成活率、肝脏维生素B2含量、血清免疫指标、全鱼粗脂肪和粗蛋白、肌肉水分、粗脂肪和灰分均无显著影响(P>0.05);6.2 mg·kg–1组肝脏D-氨基酸氧化酶(D-AAO)活性显著高于0 mg·kg–1组(P<0.05)。折线模型分析显示,卵形鲳鲹获得最佳生长和肝脏D-AAO活力达到最大时对饲料中维生素B2的需要量分别为4.23 mg·kg–1和6.24 mg·kg–1。Abstract: To determine the optimal dietary vitamin B2 requirement of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), six experimental diets were formulated which contained 0 mg·kg–1, 4.4 mg·kg–1, 6.2 mg·kg–1, 8.0 mg·kg–1, 11.3 mg·kg–1 and 15.5 mg·kg–1 of vitamin B2. Each diet was assigned to three parallels of 25 fish [initial mass of (11.63±0.17) g] which were fed twice daily for eight weeks. The results show that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the fish fed with diet of 4.4 mg·kg–1 vitamin B2 were significantly higher than those of 0 mg·kg–1 group (P<0.05), and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the serum were significantly lower than those in 0 mg·kg–1 group (P<0.05). No significant effect was found on the fish coefficient, survival rate, liver vitamin B2 content, serum immune parameters, crude protein and crude fat content in whole body, moisture, crude fat and crude ash in muscle (P>0.05); the liver D-AAO activity in 6.2 mg·kg–1 group was significantly higher in 0 mg·kg–1 group (P<0.05). Broken-line model analysis estimates that the dietary vitamin B2 requirement of juvenile golden pompano is 4.23 mg·kg–1 for optimal growth, and 6.24 mg·kg–1 for maximum liver D-AAO activity.
-
Key words:
- Trachinotus ovatus /
- vitamin B2 /
- requirement /
- growth /
- D-amino acid oxidase
-
表 1 基础饲料组成及营养水平 (干质量)
Table 1. Composition and nutrient levels of basal diet (dry mass)
项目 item 含量 content 项目 item 含量 content 原料 ingredient 矿物质预混料2 mineral premix 1 酪蛋白 (不含维生素) vitamin-free casein 20 磷酸二氢钙 monocalcium phosphate 1 大豆浓缩蛋白 soy protein concentrate 18 甜菜碱 betaine 1 鱼粉 fish meal 16 微晶纤维素 microystalline cellulose 3.5 面粉 wheat flour 23 合计 total 100 鱼油 fish oil 8 营养成分 nutrient component 大豆卵磷脂 soy lecithin 4 水分 moisture 7.66 氯化胆碱 choline chloride (50%) 2 粗蛋白 crude protein 45.23 乙氧基喹啉 ethoxyquin 0.5 粗脂肪 crude lipid 14.20 维生素预混料1 vitamin premix 2 灰分 ash 6.63 注:1. 维生素预混料 (mg·kg–1):维生素A 32 mg,维生素D 5 mg,维生素E 120 mg,维生素K 10 mg,维生素C 2 000 mg,硫胺素 25 mg,D-泛酸钙 60 mg,烟酸 200 mg,吡哆醇 20 mg,叶酸 1.2 mg,生物素 32 mg,维生素B12 0.1 mg,肌醇 800 mg,乙氧喹150 mg,微晶纤维素 14 565 mg;2. 矿物质预混料(mg·kg–1 diet):硫酸亚铁 160 mg,五水合硫酸铜 20 mg,硫酸锌100 mg,硫酸锰 120 mg,硫酸镁 2.4 g,磷酸二氢钙 6.0 g,氯化钠 200 mg,氯化钴(1%) 100 mg,氟化钠 4 mg,碘化钾 1.6 mg,沸石粉30.9 g[19] Note: 1. pyridoxine-free vitamin mixture (mg·kg–1 diet): vitamin A (500 000 IU) 32 mg, vitamin D (500 000 IU) 5 mg, vitamin E (50%) 120 mg, vitamin K 10 mg, vitamin C 2 000 mg, vitamin B1 25 mg, calcium pantothenate 60 mg, nicotinic acid 200 mg, vitamin B6 20 mg, folic acid 1.2 mg, biotin 32 mg, vitamin B12 0.1 mg, inositol 800 mg, ethoxyquin 150 mg, avicel 14 565 mg. 2. mineral premix (mg·kg–1 diet): FeSO4∙H2O 160 mg, CuSO4∙5H2O 20 mg, ZnSO4∙H2O 100 mg, MnSO4∙H2O 120 mg, MgSO4∙7H2O 2.4 g, Ca(H2PO4)2∙H2O 6.0 g, NaCl 200 mg, CoCl2∙6H2O (1%) 100 mg, NaF 4 mg, KI 1.6 mg, zelote power 30.9 g[19] 表 2 饲料中维生素B2 水平对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼生长性能的影响
Table 2. Effects of dietary vitamin B2 content on growth performance of juvenile T. ovatus
项目
itemw(维生素B2)/mg·kg–1 dietary vitamin B2 content 0 4.4 6.2 8.0 11.3 15.5 初均体质量/g initial body mass 11.50±0.14 11.75±0.11 11.72±0.15 11.54±0.04 11.70±0.22 11.56±0.22 末均体质量/g final body mass 41.63±5.60a 51.95±2.48b 51.05±2.37b 50.02±4.05b 50.44±1.62b 50.34±3.84b 采食量/g feed intake 1 156.34±77.96a 1 356.93±77.58b 1 175.58±60.52a 1 477.88±1144b 1 477.88±101.58b 1 427.92±83.93b 增重率/% WGR 262.37±52.35a 342.14±25.80b 335.72±16.67b 333.71±42.89b 336.14±21.44b 335.26±22.26b 特定生长率/% SGR 2.29±0.27a 2.65±0.10b 2.62±0.12b 2.62±0.03b 2.62±0.11b 2.62±0.14b 饲料系数 FCR 1.93±0.34 1.68±0.19 1.62±0.13 1.65±0.07 1.67±0.05 1.60±0.10 脏体比/% VSI 5.61±0.13 5.51±0.30 5.79±0.10 5.72±0.28 5.43±0.22 5.83±0.20 肝体比/% HSI 0.88±0.05a 0.84±0.04a 1.00±0.04b 0.94±0.09ab 0.91±0.05ab 0.87±0.01a 肥满度/g·cm3 CF 3.18±0.04 3.30±0.10 3.32±0.08 3.27±0.07 3.29±0.12 3.22±0.02 成活率/% SR 0.85±0.06 0.86±0.07 0.79±0.09 0.81±0.06 0.84±0.06 0.93±0.09 注:同一行数据上标字母不同表示差异显著(P<0.05),后表同此 Note: Values with different superscript letters within the same row indicate significant difference (P<0.05). The same case in the following tables. 表 3 饲料中维生素B2 水平对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼全鱼和肌肉营养成分的影响 (干质量)
Table 3. Effects of dietary vitamin B2 content on nutritive components of whole fish and muscle of juvenile T. ovatus (dry mass)
成分
componentw(维生素B2)/mg·kg–1 dietary vitamin B2 content 0 4.4 6.2 8.0 11.3 15.5 全鱼 whole body 水分 moisture 64.22±0.31b 63.50±0.43a 63.07±0.50a 63.32±0.47a 63.71±0.46ab 66.24±0.33b 粗蛋白质 crude protein 58.92±1.78 60.34±0.92 58.42±1.21 59.94±2.23 57.65±2.16 59.48±3.11 粗脂肪 crude fat 24.35±1.47 25.82±0.94 27.04±1.84 24.45±3.31 27.40±3.44 27.36±2.83 灰分 ash 15.33±0.49b 14.09±0.40a 14.68±0.50ab 14.62±0.52ab 14.99±0.38b 15.20±0.30b 肌肉 muscle 水分 moisture 72.25±2.13 72.84±2.97 72.34±2.11 71.94±1.84 73.28±1.70 72.74±1.50 粗蛋白质 crude protein 84.47±0.33a 85.04±0.82ab 82.89±0.69b 83.94±1.20ab 82.96±2.16ab 84.80±0.74ab 粗脂肪 crude fat 4.34±1.03 4.77±0.58 6.02±0.42 4.77±0.89 5.63±1.13 4.77±0.08 灰分 ash 7.15±0.30 6.77±0.44 6.76±0.63 6.90±0.13 7.07±0.17 7.02±0.04 表 4 饲料中维生素B2 水平对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼血清生化指标的影响
Table 4. Effects of dietary vitamin B2 content on plasma biochemical indices of juvenile T. ovatus
指标
indexw(维生素B2)/mg·kg–1 dietary vitamin B2 content 0 4.4 6.2 8.0 11.3 15.5 葡萄糖/mmol·L–1 GLU 9.63±0.25c 9.18±0.17bc 9.28±0.60bc 8.79±0.05ab 8.41±0.35a 8.27±0.18a 总胆固醇/mmol·L–1 TCHO 3.40±0.26 3.79±0.27 3.61±0.17 3.76±0.13 3.76±0.13 3.68±0.54 甘油三酯/mmol·L–1 TG 0.92±0.10b 0.87±0.03ab 0.91±0.06b 0.90±0.06ab 0.84±0.14ab 0.74±0.10a 谷草转氨酶/U·L–1 AST 37.67±5.77b 27.00±4.36a 23.00±1.00a 29.00±1.00a 27.67±1.53a 23.00±1.73a 谷丙转氨酶/U·L–1 ALT 4.96±0.28b 3.33±0.58a 3.33±0.58a 3.33±0.58a 2.67±0.29a 2.78±0.69a 总蛋白/g·L–1 TP 20.56±0.48a 23.97±0.85c 21.47±0.45ab 21.80±1.93ab 22.67±1.27bc 21.30±0.10ab 表 5 饲料中维生素B2 水平对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼血清免疫指标的影响
Table 5. Effects of dietary vitamin B2 content on plasma immune parameters of juvenile T. ovatus
指标
indexw(维生素B2)/mg·kg–1 dietary vitamin B2 content 0 4.4 6.2 8.0 11.3 15.5 溶菌酶/U·mL–1 LZM 197.61±2.77 203.64±1.81 200.62±4.46 200.62±1.88 197.31±4.70 199.77±3.58 补体3/g·L–1 C3 2.94±0.05 2.98±0.08 3.08±0.10 3.03±0.08 2.95±0.07 3.04±0.05 补体4/g·L–1 C4 0.8±0.01 0.9±0.01 0.9±0.02 0.9±0.34 0.9±0.02 0.9±0.02 表 6 饲料中维生素B2 水平对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼肝脏维生素B2含量和肝脏D-氨基酸氧化酶活性的影响
Table 6. Effects of dietary vitamin B2 content on liver vitamin B2 content and D-amino acid oxidase activity of juvenile T. ovatus
指标
indexw(维生素B2)/mg·kg–1 dietary vitamin B2 content 0 4.4 6.2 8.0 11.3 15.5 肝脏维生素B2含量/mg·kg–1 liver vitamin B2 content 4.50±0.18 4.59±0.13 4.96±0.41 4.74±0.47 4.72±0.23 4.74±0.26 肝脏D-AAO活性/IU·L–1 liver D-amino acid oxidase activity 258.79±55.87a 305.01±8.12ab 337.70±1.74b 329.15±1.36ab 283.17±65.19ab 284.24±27.53ab -
[1] 项昭保, 戴传云, 朱蠡庆. 核黄素生理生化特征及其功能[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2004, 25(6): 90-92 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-6521.2004.06.035 [2] GOLBACH J L, RICKE S C, O'BRYAN C A, et al. Riboflavin in nutrition, food processing, and analysis: a review[J]. J Food Res, 2014, 3(6): 23-35 doi: 10.5539/jfr.v3n6p23 [3] 荻野珍吉, 陈国铭, 黄小秋. 鱼类的营养和饲料[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1987: 13-34. [4] BARILE M, GIANCASPERO T A, LEONE P, et al. Riboflavin transport and metabolism in humans[J]. J Inherit Metab Dis, 2016, 39(4): 545-557 doi: 10.1007/s10545-016-9950-0 [5] JOBLING M. National Research Council (NRC): nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp[J]. Aquacult Int, 2012, 20(3): 601-602 doi: 10.1007/s10499-011-9480-6 [6] 蒋明, 任春, 文华, 等. 吉富罗非鱼对饲料中维生素B2的需要量[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017, 29(11): 3962-3969 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.11.016 [7] 姜建湖, 陈建明, 沈斌乾, 等. 草鱼幼鱼对饲料中核黄素的需要量[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016, 28(9): 2771-2777 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.09.015 [8] 张春晓. 大黄鱼、鲈鱼主要B族维生素和矿物质-磷的营养生理研究[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2006: 45-56. [9] SHIMENO S. Yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata[M]//WILSON R P. Handbook of nutrient requirement of finfish. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991: 181-191. [10] 王锦林. 异育银鲫对维生素B2、维生素B6和烟酸的需求量的研究[D]. 武汉: 中国科学院研究生院(水生生物研究所), 2007: 38-44. [11] 王菲, 李向飞, 李鹏飞, 等. 饲料维生素B2水平对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、体组成、抗氧化功能和肠道酶活性的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2016, 44(5): 319-324 [12] DENG D F, WILSON R P. Dietary riboflavin requirement of juvenile sunshine bass (Morone chrysops ♀×Morone saxatilis ♂)[J]. Aquaculture, 2003, 218(1/2/3/4): 695-701 [13] MURAI T, ANDREWS J W. Riboflavin requirement of channel catfish fingerlings[J]. J Nutr, 1978, 108(9): 1512-1517 doi: 10.1093/jn/108.9.1512 [14] SERRINI G, ZHANG Z, WILSON R P. Dietary riboflavin requirement of fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)[J]. Aquaculture, 1996, 139(3): 285-290 [15] TAKEUCHI L, TAKEUCHI T, OGINO C. Riboflavin requirements in carp and rainbow trout[J]. Nippon Suisan Gakk, 1980, 46(6): 733-737 doi: 10.2331/suisan.46.733 [16] AMEZAGA M R, KNOX D. Riboflavin requirements in on-growing rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss[J]. Aquaculture, 1990, 88(1): 87-98 doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(90)90322-E [17] 李伟. 核黄素对幼建鲤生长及消化吸收功能的影响[D]. 四川: 四川农业大学, 2008: 34-46. [18] 唐媛媛, 张蕉南, 艾春香, 等. 卵形鲳鲹的营养需求研究及其配合饲料研发[J]. 饲料工业, 2013, 34(8): 46-50 [19] 杜强. 卵形鲳鲹赖氨酸和蛋氨酸需求量及饲料中鱼粉替代的研究[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2012: 12. [20] 刘安龙. 草鱼幼鱼对饲料中核黄素、生物素和泛酸需要量的研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2007: 18-19. [21] 顾清, 周朋辉, 张静姝, 等. 核黄素对高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢的影响[J]. 中国慢性病预防与控制, 2015, 23(1): 34-36 [22] CASILLAS E, SUNDQUIST J, AMES W E. Optimization of assay conditions for, and the selected tissue distribution of, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase of English sole, Parophrys vetulus Girard[J]. J Fish Biol, 1982, 21(2): 197-204 doi: 10.1111/jfb.1982.21.issue-2 [23] 黄凯, 施志仪, 李文娟, 等. 三角帆蚌内脏团不同插核部位对机体生理代谢的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2013, 37(6): 1085-1093 [24] SANCHES S C, RAMALHO L N, MENDESBRAZ M, et al. Riboflavin (vitamin B-2) reduces hepatocellular injury following liver ischaemia and reperfusion in mice[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2014, 67(5): 65-71 [25] 赵书燕, 林黑着, 黄忠, 等. 不同蛋白质水平下添加小肽对石斑鱼生长、消化酶、血清生化和抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 南方水产科学, 2016, 12(3): 15-23 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0780.2016.03.003 [26] 麦康森. 水产动物营养与饲料学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2011: 242-252. [27] NIU H, JIA Y, HU P, et al. Effect of dietary vitamin E on the growth performance and nonspecific immunity in sub-adult turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)[J]. Fish Shellfish Immun, 2014, 41(2): 501-506 doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.033 [28] HALVER J E, HARDY R W. Nutrient flow and retention[M]//HALVER J E, HARDY R W. Fish nutrition. San Diego, Academic Press, 2002: 755-770. [29] WOODWARD B. Sensitivity of hepatic D-amino acid oxidase and glutathione reductase to the riboflavin status of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)[J]. Aquaculture, 1983, 34(3/4): 193-201 [30] WOODWARD B, FRIGG M. Dietary biotin requirements of young rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) determined by weight gain, hepatic biotin concentration and maximal biotin-dependent enzyme activities in liver and white muscle[J]. J Nutr, 1989, 119(1): 54-60 doi: 10.1093/jn/119.1.54 -